中国沿海运输展望及沿海运输权问题

当前,我们正在经历全球经济与贸易的调整,我们将迎接新一轮调整带来的挑战。“度势与运筹”——会议组织者为我们精心设计的主题,同样生动描述和刻画了我们当前所面临的环境。     

中国沿海运输展望及沿海运输权问题

当前,我们正在经历全球经济与贸易的调整,我们将迎接新一轮调整带来的挑战。“度势与运筹”——会议组织者为我们精心设计的主题,同样生动描述和刻画了我们当前所面临的环境。     

中国沿海运输市场

沿海主要干散货航线运价的继续走高，带动了沿海综合运价指数不断向上攀升。今年春节期间沿海运力表现紧张，主要干散货航线运价继续在高位运行。     

加入WTO对中国沿海运输的影响

ＷＴＯ对我国经济将带来一场革命,社会成本将重新定位并向全球一体化发展,传统的沿海物流体系将随经济结构的转变而变化。中国“入世”后,进口关税将大幅降低,进口限制逐步减少乃至取消,市场准入度扩大,这在相当长的时期内肯定会对国内运输市场产生严重冲击。 据贸易形势分析,世界散货海上贸易量在经历１９９５年２％的下滑后,１９９９年将出现１％的回落,但２０００年将回升２％。预计２０００年贸易量比１９９９年净增６０００万吨,将回升３．５％左右,其中与钢铁有关的铁矿石、动力煤等的增长尤为瞩目,将分别增长２０００万…     

中国沿海（散货）运输市场月评

本期，在煤炭运输市场行情不断走强的拉动下，沿海运输市场行情总体继续上扬，7月18日．上海航运交易所发布的沿海（散货）运价指数报收于1871．19点，较上月同期上涨5．03％。其中，煤炭、粮食、金属矿石运价指数都较上月同期有不同程度上扬，油品类运价指数基本保持平稳。     

沿海散货运输市场2003年回顾与2004年展望

2003年世界经济温和复苏，尤其下半年以后复苏的步伐明显加快。IMF(国际货币基金组织)预测2003年世界经济增长率达3．2％。美国增长率从一、二季度的1．4％和3．3％向三季度的7．2％飞跃式地回弹。可见其经济状态逐步向好。而国内，“非典”并未对经济发展造成太大的影响，前三季度保持了8．5％的增长率。     

中国沿海(散货)运输市场月评

本期沿海运输市场行情在煤炭、粮食运价持续上扬的推动下一路上行。11月14日，上海航运交易所发布的沿海（散货）运价指数报收于2281．12点，较上月同期上涨6．64％．综合运价指数再创历史新高。煤炭和粮食运价指数较上月继续上涨，成品油运价指数也略有上扬，原油运价指数基本保持平稳：     

中国沿海高速船运输展望

八十年代中国沿海高速船运输兴起。本文在比较各种类型的高速船的基础上，提出在选择沿海高速船时必须考虑的因素和推荐了合适的船型，展望了廿一世纪中国沿海高速船发展的前景。     

美国沿海运输现状

一国的国内沿海运输通常由悬挂该国国旗的船舶经营，此即沿海运输权的保留。美国有关沿海运输权保留的政策主要体现在《琼斯法》（即《1920年航运法》）中。根据该法规定，美国港口之间的货物运输由在美国建造、属美国公司所有并配备美国船员的船舶经营，目的是为了保护本国公司不受外来竞争以及保证本国公民的就业。《琼斯法》的适用范围包括：美国港口之间的原油、成品油和化学品运输；五大湖的干散货运输；以及美国本土和波多黎各、阿拉斯加、夏威夷、关岛之间的件杂货运输、集装箱运输和滚装船运输。在许多国家（如欧盟国家）已放松或废除保留沿海运输权规定的情况下，美国仍将其作为航运政策的基本面，但《琼斯法》对航运发展和运输成本的影响却在美国引起了巨大争议。     

乐清湾及其附近海域港口运输需求分析

本文详细分析了乐清湾及其附近海域港的经济状况并提出展望。     

我国沿海集装箱运输及码头能力适应性分析

在新冠疫情等多重外部因素影响下,我国上海、深圳、广州等集装箱港口出现拥堵,引发相关部门及业内对集装箱码头能力适应性问题的关注.在分析我国集装箱运输需求和沿海集装箱码头能力供给的基础上,评估集装箱码头适应性基本情况,并根据集装箱港口面临的新的发展形势,对集装箱码头规划和建设提出建议.总体来看,目前我国环渤海、长江三角洲及...     

四川省对三峡水运新通道建设的货运需求

为支撑三峡水运新通道建设,在分析四川省经济、运输、水运发展概况的基础上,采用分货类产销平衡法研究得到四川省过三峡船闸货物量远期可达1.3亿t。三峡水运新通道的建设对长江上游川渝滇黔融入长江经济带以及充分发挥长江黄金水道的独特优势和巨大潜力具有十分重要的意义。     

Activity based travel demand models as a tool for evaluating sustainable transportation policies

India is in the course of an economic transition. The economic growth nurtured the life in the cities and cities have become a major livelihood destination for everyone. This migration of people contributed to the increased urbanization of Indian cities. The booming economy fostered the well-being and shaped the lifestyle of people in such a way that the dependency on private vehicle has become an unavoidable affair. Along with population growth, the increased vehicle ownership gave rise to overall spurt in travel demand. But the supply side lagged behind the demand adding to many of the transport related externalities such as accidents, congestion, pollution, inequity etc. The importance of sustainability is understood in the current urban transport scenario leading to the development and promotion of sustainable transport polices. The core agenda of these polices is to target the travel behavior of people and change the way they travel by creating a different travel environment. However, the impacts of many such policies are either unknown or complex. Hence, before adopting and implementing such policies, it is important for the decision makers to be aware of the impacts of them. The role of travel demand models comes here as they predict the future travel demand under different policy scenarios. This paper reviews the ability of travel demand models applied in India in analyzing the sustainable transport policies. The study found that the conventional model system in India, which is trip based four step aggregate methodology, is inadequate in analyzing the sustainable transport policies. A review of alternative approach, known as activity based travel demand modeling found that they are capable of handling such policies better than conventional models and are assistive to the decision makers in arriving at right mix of polices specific to the situations. Since there is no operational activity based travel demand model system developed in India, the study at the end envisaged a conceptual framework of an integrated activity based travel demand model based on the requirements identified from the review. This can potentially replace the existing travel demand models and can be used for planning applications once the modification & validation have been done according to the existing activity-travel behavior of individuals.     

The demand for local access to coastal recreation in southern New England

Coastal lands provide popular outdoor recreation opportunities including beach recreation, fishing, boating, and wildlife viewing. Published studies measuring the demand for access to coastal lands generally have focused on the recreational value of intensively used beaches, which comprise only a portion of the New England coastline. This article examines the recreational demand for coastal access to a local, free‐access site in southern New England. The study uses data obtained from on‐site interviews conducted during the summer of 1995 at Gooseberry Island, Massachusetts. The estimated average value of a visitor‐day during the summer season is $3.06 for weekdays and $4.18 for weekends and holidays. While these values are at the low end of the range of values published in existing literature addressing beach recreation, the aggregate value of recreation benefits derived from public access to undeveloped coastal areas likely are significant.     

滨海核电大件码头用于乏燃料运输的改造内容

海运在内的多模式联运体系是未来乏燃料外运的发展方向。我国滨海核电厂在初期就规划、设计和建设了用于运输核电厂大件设备的码头,多模式联运体系可利用核电码头转运乏燃料。为满足乏燃料转运需要,经调研和分析,结合船舶靠离泊等条件进行综合评价,梳理出核电码头的改造内容。结果表明,各核电业主应聚焦核材料实物保护、船舶靠离泊条件、货包接卸工艺等方面,围绕码头平面尺度及结构、作业工艺、辅助生产设施和管理体系等内容开展核电大件码头的改造工作,以确保未来乏燃料能够及时外运。     

世界LNG贸易量和LNG船市场预测

本文主要就世界LNG贸易情况和LNG船市场作了简要分析，并对LNG船的未来市场前景作了预测。     

Marine log transportation and handling systems in british columbia: Impacts on coastal management

Abstract

Over 90 percent of British Columbia's annual log harvest enters into complex water‐based systems of transportation, storage, and handling. These systems have considerable impacts on a wide range of coastal resources and uses. A number of site‐specific conflicts have arisen between forestry and preexisting or emerging values including fisheries, mariculture, recreational boating, and harbor redevelopment. Specific data on the impacts leading to conflict are often fragmentary. However, concerns about highly valued and fragile areas‐particularly estuariesalong with industrial concerns regarding log losses and handling efficiency, have prompted changes in log handling. These include moves to dryland sorting, log bundling, and a redistribution of forestry activities in estuaries to accommodate other values. Conflict adjustments and responses have in the past been largely ad hoc and attempted in a jurisdictional vacuum concerning control of coastal management. A more inclusive strategy is now slowly emerging, which involves the coordinated participation of federal, provincial, and industrial interests.     

焊接结构多轴疲劳寿命预测结构应力法

海洋工程焊接结构形式复杂且遭受随机波浪载荷作用,焊接接头多数处于多轴疲劳状态,而目前工程上主要采用基于单轴疲劳理论和试验的方法预测结构的疲劳寿命。为了提高焊接结构疲劳寿命预测的准确性,文章提出了一种评估焊接接头疲劳强度的新型结构应力法,并与临界面理论相结合,能够用于实际焊接结构的多轴疲劳寿命预测。通过对国际上已公开发表的疲劳试验数据进行有限元分析,证明了文中提出的结构应力法比传统的热点应力法具有更高的精度,以及该方法应用于焊接结构多轴疲劳寿命预测的可行性。最后,应用该方法对一个T型管节点进行了多轴疲劳寿命计算。