Measurement of Swarm Parameters of c-C4F8/CO2 and Its Insulation Characteristics Analysis

In c-C4F8 and c-C4F8/CO2 mixtures, the swarm parameters including ionization coefficient, attachment coefficient and effective ionization coefficient were obtained at the ratio of the electric field strength to the gas density between 150-550 Td by the steady-state Townsend (SST) method. Static breakdown voltages at each ratio were also measured at the SST condition. The limiting field strengths were obtained by two methods:computing the density-normalized effective ionization coefficient as a function of the overall density-reduced electric field strength; and measuring static breakdown voltages as a function of the product of gas density and electrode separation. Good agreement was obtained by these two methods, which ensures the correctness of the former method. The limiting field strengths of c-C4F8 and c-C4F8/CO2 mixtures were compared with those ofpure SF6, SF6/CO2 mixtures and pure c-C4Fs. It is found that buffer gas CO2 does not reduce the limiting field strengths of c-C4F8 greatly, the limiting field strengths of c-C4F8/CO2 mixtures are higher than those of SF6/CO2 mixtures or even pure SF6, and so c-C4F8/CO2 mixtures are suggested to be possible substitutes for SF6.     

Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron Swarms Parameters in c-C4F8/CF4 Gas Mixtures

The swarm parametes for c-C4F8/CF4 mixtures, including the density-normalized effective ionization coefficient, drift velocity and mean energy were calculated using Monte-Carlo method with the null collision technique. The overall density-reduced electric field strength could be varied between 150 and 500 Td,while the c-C4F8 content in gas mixtures is varied in the range of 0-100%. The value of the density-normalize deffective ionization coefficient shows a strong dependence on the c-C4F8 content, becoming more electronegative as the content of c-C4F8 is increased. The drift velocity of c-C4F4/CF4 mixtures is more affected by CF4. The calculated limiting field strength for c-C4F8/CF4 mixtures is higher than that of SF6/CF4.     

Measurement of swarm parameters of c-C4F8/CO2 and its insulation characteristics analysis

In c-C₄F₈ and c-C₄F₈/CO₂ mixtures, the swarm parameters including ionization coefficient, attachment coefficient and effective ionization coefficient were obtained at the ratio of the electric field strength to the gas density between 150–550 Td by the steady-state Townsend (SST) method. Static breakdown voltages at each ratio were also measured at the SST condition. The limiting field strengths were obtained by two methods: computing the density-normalized effective ionization coefficient as a function of the overall density-reduced electric field strength; and measuring static breakdown voltages as a function of the product of gas density and electrode separation. Good agreement was obtained by these two methods, which ensures the correctness of the former method. The limiting field strengths of c-C₄F₈ and c-C₄F₈/CO₂ mixtures were compared with those of pure SF₆, SF₆/CO₂ mixtures and pure c-C₄F₈. It is found that buffer gas CO₂ does not reduce the limiting field strengths of c-C₄F₈ greatly, the limiting field strengths of c-C₄F₈/CO₂ mixtures are higher than those of SF₆/CO₂ mixtures or even pure SF₆, and so c-C₄F₈/CO₂ mixtures are suggested to be possible substitutes for SF₆. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50777041)     

Monte Carlo simulation of electron swarms parameters in c-C4F8/CF4 gas mixtures

The swarm parametes for c-C₄F₈/CF₄ mixtures, including the density-normalized effective ionization coefficient, drift velocity and mean energy were calculated using Monte-Carlo method with the null collision technique. The overall density-reduced electric field strength could be varied between 150 and 500 Td, while the c-C₄F₈ content in gas mixtures is varied in the range of 0–100%. The value of the density-normalized effective ionization coefficient shows a strong dependence on the c-C₄F₈ content, becoming more electronegative as the content of c-C₄F₈ is increased. The drift velocity of c-C₄F₈/CF₄ mixtures is more affected by CF₄. The calculated limiting field strength for c-C₄F₈/CF₄ mixtures is higher than that of SF₆/CF₄. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50777041)     

甲烷气体放电特性的研究

在E/N为100～900Td（1Td=1017Vcm2）的场强范围内,对甲烷气体中的电子崩发展进行了仿真研究.采用蒙特卡罗模拟法对其电子崩参数诸如有效电离系数、电子漂移速度、纵向扩散系数等进行了求解计算,计算结果与实验数据相一致.仿真结果表明：随着E/N值的增大,即电离作用的增强,电子的各漂移速度也呈现出差异.     

THE HUMORAL AND CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSES INDUCED BY HPV18L1-E6/E7 DNA VACCINES IN MICE

Objective To construct eukaryutic expression vector of HPV18 L1- E6, E7 chimeric gene and examine the humorul and cellular immune responses induced by this DNA vaccines in mice. Methods The C-terminal of major rapsid protein L1 gene and mutant zinc finger domains of early E6/7 oncogenes in HPV18 were integrated and inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1 to generate vaccines pVAX1-L1E6Mxx, ETMxx. CHO cells were transiently transfected with the individual construct. Target protein expressions in the lysate of the transfected cells were measured by ELISA and immunocytochemistry After BALB/c mice were vaccinated with various recombinant plusmids（pVAX1- L1-E6M3 or pVAX1-L1-E7M3 ） and immunie adjuvants （pLXHDmB7-2 or LTB） through different administration routes （intramuscular or intranasal） , the great cellular immune responses were produced us revealed by delayed-type hypersensitivity （DTH） and lymphocyte proliferation, and the expression of IL-4 and IFN- 7 cells in CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ subpopulations. Results The highly efficient expression of pVAX1-L1E6Mxx, E7Mxx vector in host eukaryotic cells were demonstrated both by ELISA and immunocytochemistry. The level of specific serum IgG against HPV in experiment groups mice was much higher than that of control group, and intranuscular immunization group had the highest antibody level. Intramuscular immunization groups were superior to intranasal immunization groups in DTH response, splenocyte proliferation and CD8^＋ IFN-γ^＋ cells number, but CD4^＋ IL4^＋ cell number was higher in intranasul immunization groups. The immunization groups using pLXHDmB7.-2 as adjuvant were superior to other groups in immunorespouse. Conclusion These DNA vaccines produce remarkable cellular and humorul immune responses in the mouse and may provide us prophylatic and therapeutic candidates for HPV induced cancer treatment.     

广义简化牛顿迭代收敛研究

Banach空间E的某个区域到同型空间F的Fréchet可微的算子f:E→F,A:F→E是一个相反的固定的线性算子,迭代zn+1=zn-Af(zn)为简化牛顿迭代,其中n∈N0,A=Df(z0)-1.用KaHTOPOBИЧ的区域判据和Smale的点估计判据研究广义简化牛顿迭代的收敛性和收敛域的大小,并且包括当α(f,z)≤3-2 2时广义简化Newton迭代收敛情况.     

氟对体外器官培养人牙胚骨形成蛋白表达的影响

目的　通过研究氟对牙胚发育早期骨形成蛋白 (BMP)表达的影响 ,初步探讨氟在早期牙胚发育中的可能作用机制。方法　 4个月的人胚胎 ,取乳牙胚用RPMI16 4 0培养液进行器官培养 8d。免疫组化法研究 2 5mg·L-1和 5 0mg·L-1的氟对分泌前期牙胚的影响 ,观察培养第 2、4、6、8天时BMP表达的变化。采用图像分析仪对免疫组化染色结果进行灰度分析。结果　BMP的表达主要在造釉器。成釉细胞 ,中间层细胞和星网状层细胞均有BMP表达 ,牙乳头细胞或成牙本质细胞不表达BMP。 2 5mg·L-1氟时从培养第 6天开始BMP表达增强 ;5 0mg·L-1氟时从培养第 2天到第 6天BMP的表达增强 ,培养第 8天时BMP的表达降低。结论　氟可能通过促进BMP某一亚型或某几个亚型的表达而在牙胚发育中起作用     

回族X染色体STR位点的遗传多态性研究

目的研究宁夏回族群体X染色体上的10个短串联重复序列(DXS101,DXS6789,DXS6799,DXS6804,DXS7130,DXS7132,DXS7133,DXS7423,HPRTB,DXS8378)的基因多态性。方法随机抽取100名宁夏回族无关个体(男性40名,女性58名)的静脉血,提取DNA,PCR扩增,变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,银染检测结果。结果DXS101、DXS6789、DXS6799、DXS6804、DXS7130、DXS7132、DXS7133、DXS7423、HPRTB、DXS8378分别检出9、8、4、6、6、6、4、4、5和5十种等位基因,检出17、22、7、14、14、15、6、7、12和8十种基因型;10个位点等位基因频率分别分布在0.0087-0.3130、0.0087-0.2696、0.0348-0.5826、0.0087-0.3044、0.0261-0.4348、0.0261-0.3217、0.0261-0.6783、0.0087-0.4870、0.0261-0.4783和0.0087-0.4870之间;此10个位点女性的基因型频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。多态信息量除DXS7133和DXS7423外均大于0.50;女性个体识别力从0.89(DXS7133,DXS7423)至0.99(DXS101,DXS6789,DXS7132)。结论此10个X染色体STR位点有较高的个体识别率,在个体识别和女孩亲权鉴定中有较高应用价值,对疾病相关研究有重要意义。     

人B7.2(CD86)胞外区原核表达及其工程菌发酵培养的实验研究

目的　利用原核系统表达人B7.2 (IgV +C)并对工程菌发酵培养条件进行优化。方法　用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)技术从B7.2cDNA全长中克隆B7.2 (IgV +C) ,将PCR产物克隆入表达载体 pGEX 4T 3从而得到重组体 pGEX 4T 3 /hB7.2 (IgV +C) ,SDS PAGE及Westernblot用于检测目的蛋白的表达 ,同时对目的蛋白诱导表达时间及诱导剂浓度进行优化 ,对重组质粒的遗传稳定性进行鉴定。结果　Westernblot结果显示相应分子质量 5 5kD处有hB7.2 (IgV+C)与GST融合蛋白的高效表达 ,表达量占菌体总蛋白的 3 0 %左右。对工程菌进行发酵培养研究的结果表明 ,所构建的重组质粒在工程菌DH5α中传代稳定 ,未见质粒丢失 ,目的蛋白的表达不受影响 ,且在 3 7℃诱导 5h、IPTG终浓度为 4mmol·L- 1 时其表达量最多。结论　证明了利用原核系统表达人B7.2 (IgV +C)的可行性。     

利用氧传感器诊断电控发动机故障

介绍了氧传感器基本工作原理和检测方法 ,提出了用氧传感器波形诊断带有三元催化反应器的发动机故障的方法 ,并给出了具体诊断实例     

胶束荧光法对兔血浆中胺碘酮药代动力学的研究

利用具有高灵敏度的胶束荧光法,对胺碘酮的血药浓度进行了监测;使用SLS为胶束试剂,以国产930型荧光光度计为主要分析仪器,得到系列药代动力学参数:t_(1/2)(α)为1.18h,t_(1/2)(β)为40.75h,K_(21)为0.278h~(-1),K_(10)为0.036h~(-1),K_(12)为0.291h~(-1)。该法的线性范围为2×10~(-9)～8×10~(-6)mol/L,检测限为1.3×10~(-9)mol/L,平均回收率为99.93%。     

磷酸钙改水降氟的实验研究

报告磷酸钙改水降氟的实验研究结果。在pH6.2～7.5的条件下,于高氟水中按比例加入Ca~(2+)及PO_4~(3-),即可降F~-至0.8mg/L以下。本法降氟效果可靠、费用低廉、设备简单、操作方便、易于推广,且不引起新的化学污染。     

基于FBG的沥青混合料横向流动变形评价

为了分析沥青混合料横向流动变形, 进行了沥青混合料的车辙试验, 利用布设于沥青混合料板表面的光纤布拉格光栅传感器, 研究了沥青混合料表面的横向应变规律; 以最大应变和蠕变稳定阶段横向应变速率绝对值为评价指标, 分析了沥青混合料横向流动变形。分析结果表明: 横向流动变形随沥青混合料的最大应变和横向应变速率绝对值的减小而降低; 横向流动变形在循环轮载作用下不断发展, 测试点距离轮载愈近其流动变形愈剧烈; 当胶粉掺量分别为0、15%、18%时, 距离轮载63 mm的测试点横向应变速率分别为6.8×10-6、4.0×10-7、6.4×10-6 min-1, 因此, 掺15%胶粉的沥青混合料具有较大的抵抗高温横向流动变形的能力; 对于15%胶粉掺量的沥青混合料, 当其集料级配分别为AC-13粗级配和AC-13细级配时, 距离轮载28 mm的测试点横向应变速率分别为6.0×10-7、7.7×10-6 min-1, 因此, AC-13粗级配沥青混合料高温抗横向流动变形能力优于AC-13细级配; 胶粉改性沥青混合料最大应变为1.96×10-4, 而胶粉和抗车辙剂复合改性沥青混合料最大应变只有1.22×10-4, 说明在高温情况下, 胶粉和抗车辙剂复合改性沥青混合料整体结构强度较大, 能够承受来自轮载的直接作用而不向轮迹两边产生横向推移致使发生较大的横向流动变形。基于光纤布拉格光栅横向应变的沥青混合料横向流动变形评价能较好地说明不同材料和级配对沥青路面产生侧向流动变形规律的影响。      

人白细胞干扰素联合复方水飞蓟蜜丸治疗乙型慢性肝炎的疗效观察

本文报告人白细胞干扰素联合复方水飞蓟蜜丸治疗乙型慢性肝炎15例,采用小剂量(干扰素5万μ/日)长疗程(3～6个月)疗法,乙型肝炎血清标志物在15例中有10例出现有效指标,有效率达66.6%;对照组有效者5例,无效者10例,有效率33.3%,二者相比,有一定差异,但因病例少,差异不显著(P>0.05)。干扰素治疗前后曾检测血中干扰素含量,治疗前血中均测不出,治疗后3～7个月,血中干扰素量可达5～40μ/ml,停药后干扰素含量下降。用药后血中干扰素量明显增高者,疗效好,本文说明抗病毒药联合保肝药治疗乙型肝炎有一定作用,但仍需进一步观察。     

Flow-injection-enhanced chemiluminescence method for the determination of three β-blockers

Objective To develop a rapid, simple and sensitive chemiluminescence method for the determination of three β-blockers (bisoprolol, atenolol and propranolol). Methods The chemiluminescence of cerium (Ⅳ)-sulfite system was obviously sensitized by adding anyone of three β-blockers in acid media. A new chemiluminescence method was set up by combining with flow-injection technique and used to determine the three β-blockers. Results Good linear ranges were obtained at the concentrations of 2.0×10-7g/mL-4.0×10-5g/mL, 1.0×10-7g/mL-3.0×10-5g/mL and 7.0×10-7g/mL-1.0×10-5g/mL, respectively, with the detection limits of 5.0×10-8g/mL, 7.0×10-8g/mL and 5.0×10-8g/mL (S/N=3), respectively, and the relative standard deviations for 11 times consecutive injections of 1.0×10-6g/mL bisoprolol, atenolol and propranolol were 3.57%, 2.21% and 2.26%, respectively. Conclusion The developed method is sensitive, accurate, rapid and of low cost. And it can be applied to determine bisoprolol, atenolol and propranolol in pharmaceutical preparations.     

NOVEL PHOSPHORYLATION SITES OF EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR－4E AND EVIDENCE THAT PHOSPHORYLATION STABILIZES INTERACTIONS OF T

ＮＯＶＥＬＰＨＯＳＰＨＯＲＹＬＡＴＩＯＮＳＩＴＥＳＯＦＥＵＫＡＲＹＯＴＩＣＩＮＩＴＩＡＴＩＯＮＦＡＣＴＯＲ－４ＥＡＮＤＥＶＩＤＥＮＣＥＴＨＡＴＰＨＯＳＰＨＯＲＹＬＡＴＩＯＮＳＴＡＢＩＬＩＺＥＳＩＮＴＥＲＡＣＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＴＨＥＰ～２５ＡＮＤＰ～２２０...     

构建及鉴定携带角蛋白启动子和人乳头瘤病毒16E6/E7基因的重组腺病毒

目的利用AdEasy系统构建携带人角蛋白启动子的人乳头瘤病毒-16(HPV-16)E6/E7基因重组腺病毒,并通过RT-PCR方法检测E6/E7基因的表达。方法应用PCR方法从含有HPV-16全基因序列的质粒上扩增E6/E7基因,构建pCDNA3.1(-)-K14-E6/E7-polA载体,扩增、酶切获得K14-E6/E7-polA片段插入腺病毒穿梭载体质粒pAdTrack上,构建重组穿梭载体pAdTrack-K14-E6/E7-polA,线性化后与骨架载体AdEasy-1在细菌BJ5183内同源重组得到腺病毒质粒pAd-K14-E6/E7-polA,经人胚肾293细胞包装后得到重组腺病毒pAd-K14-E6/E7-polA。氢化铯(CsCl)梯度离心纯化病毒,提取病毒再感染后的293细胞总RNA,通过RT-PCR方法检测E6/E7基因的表达。结果通过同源重组的方法构建了腺病毒pAd-K14-E6/E7-polA载体,经酶切和测序鉴定该质粒构建成功。293细胞包装3d后观察到绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)表达,CsCl梯度离心纯化最终获得7.2×1010pfu/mL滴度的重组病毒;用该滴度病毒重新感染293细胞3d后,提取细胞总RNA,RT-PCR检测E6/E7有表达。结论利用新型腺病毒载体AdEasy系统可在短期内制备同时表达GFP和E6/E7的重组腺病毒pAd-K14-E6/E7-polA。这将为进一步研究HPV-16E6/E7基因功能及利用基因治疗女性宫颈癌奠定了基础。     

小儿过敏性紫癜血清炎前因子的检测及其意义

目的　探讨炎前因子在过敏性紫癜免疫病理损伤中的作用。方法　采用双抗体夹心ELISA法和硝酸还原酶化学比色法分别检测过敏性紫癜 (SHP)患儿血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)、白细胞介素 6(IL 6)、白细胞介素 8(IL 8)和一氧化氮 (NO)的浓度。结果　SHP急性期血清 4种炎前因子水平明显高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。肾型中活动性肾脏病和 (或 )肾功能不全组较其他组血清IL 6明显升高 (P <0 .0 1 )。恢复期TNF α、IL 8仍高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。急性期 4种炎前因子间呈正相关关系。结论　血清 4种炎前因子水平与SHP的发生、发展有关。     

C15H13N2S2生物活性分子的光谱与热力学性质

为了获得N-苯亚甲基-4-[(2-氰基亚胺基-1,3噻唑烷-3-基)甲基]-噻唑-2-胺(C15H13N2S2)生物活性分子的光谱数据和不同温度下的热力学性质,使用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,进行几何构型优化和频率计算,使用含时密度泛函理论的DT-B3LYP方法,计算该分子在气相和不同溶剂中的电子吸收光谱.结果表明,优化得到的最稳定结构与实验晶体结构一致;气相中吸收峰出现在近紫外区370 nm处,溶剂几乎不影响跃迁性质,但吸收强度明显增大;标准摩尔熵与温度线性正相关,相关系数为0.999 05.