一种基于神经网络的馈线自适应继电保护技术

针对常规保护的自适应能力及检测某些复杂故障方面存在一定局限性,利用前馈神经网络,导出了常规保护与神经网络参数间的显式关系,证明了神经网络继电保护可实现常规馈线保护的功能。     

Interference and Spectral Efficiency Analysis in Two-hop Cellular Network with Fixed Relays in FDD Mode

IntroductionRelaying is well known for its potential of ex-tending the high data rate coverage of a single basestation and reducing infrastructure deploymentcosts. Moreover, it is efficient in solving the cov-erage problem behind the obstacles and eliminatingblack spots, which even can not be solved by intro-ducing smart antenna technology[1,2]. Some dumbrelays (analog repeaters) have been adopted[1]in2 G and 3 G systems. But in such scenarios, thesignals received are forwarded without any si…     

Resource Partitioning and Routing Optimization in Relay Enhanced Cellular Network

A joint routing and resource partitioning scheme were proposed to improve cell capacity and user throughput of cellular network enhanced with two-hop fixed relay nodes (FRNs). Radio resources are partitioned under a reuse partitioning based framework, which guarantees effective and efficient inter-cell interference management. At the same time, each mobile terminal was assigned a channel-dependent route by the routing controller, which tries to maximize the cell capacity under the constraint imposed by reuse partitioning. Intensive computer simulations demonstrate the performance superiority of the FRN enhanced cellular network employing this scheme in comparison with conventional network, as well as the validity of the channel-dependent routing mechanism.     

基于源路由的多路径路由协议

为了进一步有效地利用网络资源，采用多路径机制改善最佳链路状态路由协议OLSR的网络性能．提出了基于源路由的多路径SR-MPOLSR协议．首先利用MPR多点中继机制高效获取网络的拓扑图，并在网络节点中用多重Dijkstra算法计算出多路径．然后采用加权分配的循环调度实现负载分配，最后引人源路由机制完成报文的选径转发．这种SR-MPOLSR协议较之OLSR协议可进一步利用网络资源，改善链路的吞吐量和平均延迟．增加网络健壮性和可靠性．仿真结果显示，与OLSR算法相比，SR-MPOLSR算法的数据传输率提高20％-40％。端对端平均延迟降低10％-30％．     

Stochastic optimization in cooperative relay networks for revenue maximization

In cellular networks, cooperative relaying is an economic and promising way to enlarge the network capacity and coverage. In the case that multiple users and multiple relays are taken into account, efficient resource allocation is important in such networks. In this paper, we consider the joint relay power control with amplify- and-forward （AF） strategy and dynamic pricing for uplink cellular networks in order to maximize the network administrator＇s system revenue. The system revenue is associated with pricing strategies and mobile users＇ random data request, which is supported by the relay assisted transmission. To deal with the problem of the coupling in pricing and relay resource allocation, we utilize Lyapunov optimization techniques to design online pricing and relay power control without any statistic information of random events in networks. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed algorithm can achieve a near-optimal performance and simulation results also validate its effectiveness and robustness.     

Full Duplex Communications for Next Generation Cellular Networks: The Capacity Gain

Full duplex communication highly improves spectrum efficiency of a wireless communication link. However, when it is applied to a cellular network, the capacity gain from this technology remains unknown. The reason is that full duplex communication changes the aggregate interference experienced by each communication link in cellular networks. In this paper, the capacity gain from full duplex communication is studied for cellular networks of 4G and beyond, where the same frequency channel is adopted in each cell. A two-layer Poisson point process (PPP) is adopted to model the network topology, and stochastic geometry is employed to derive the coverage probability and the average capacity of typical link in a cellular network. On the basis of these derived parameters, the capacity gain from full duplex communication is determined. Numerical results reveal that without mutual interference cancellation (MIC), the capacity gain is small under various power levels; with perfect MIC at base stations, the capacity gain can exceed 60%; with imperfect MIC at base stations, the capacity gain decreases quickly even with a slight drop of MIC performance.     

神经网络在继电保护中的应用

本文阐述了基于神经网络的继电保护系统的优越性，论证了由单层感知器网络或ＴＨ网络可以实现最小二乘算法，这两种网络都可以在极短的时间内完成全部运算，给出了电流继电器、圆特性以及四边型特性阻抗继电器的神经网络模型，并证明了三种模型都具有很强的自适应性。     

Performance Analysis of Two Frequency Reuse Schemes in Fixed Relay Systems

An upsurge of interest in relay-augmented infrastructure-based networks has appeared in recent years.Radio resource management in such relay systems has great influence on the system performance. How to utilize the limited frequency resources efficiently in the system is a hot research topic. In this paper, performance of frequency reuse schemes has been studied in fixed relay systems. A novel scheme is achieved by modifying an existing one. Theoretical model is proposed for the performance analysis of two schemes. Both the theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the modified scheme outperforms the existing one not only in power consumption of mobile stations but also in cell carrier-to-interference ratio coverage.     

A New Proposal of Inverse-Time Characteristics for Overcurrent Relay Based on Microcomputer

The conventional time function of electromechanical relays is hard to coordinate with other relays．In order to promote the application of inverse-time overcurrent relays，a new time function for microprocessor-type relay is proposed．The setting of the trip time for this relay is performed by determining the shortest trip time and the longest trip time，respectively．The results of analysis show that with the new time function，the inverse-time overcurrent relay is easy to coordinate with other relays and has a comparatively shorter trip time，and that the fault happens in the protective zone．     

基于潮流转移的后备保护系统容错控制研究

针对威胁电网安全运行的连锁跳闸问题,分析了现有后备保护存在的缺陷,提出了一种基于潮流转移的继电保护系统的鲁棒容错控制方案和用于估算发生潮流转移后电网动态潮流计算方法,提出了鲁棒容错后备保护方案．在新英格兰10机39节点系统运用PSASP进行了潮流转移仿真,结果表明该后备保护方案具有良好的识别潮流转移能力．     

一种分布式Ad hoc网络广播算法

在无线Ad hoc网络中,广播作为一种重要的通信方式被许多单播和多播协议用来完成其路由建立和维护工作.文中假设网络中所有的移动节点共享信道,并且节点不知道全局网络拓扑信息.因此网络中每个节点只能通过洪泛进行通信.但是采用洪泛方式广播,由于每个节点都要向其相邻节点转发报文,协议效率低、通信代价昂贵,而且还会带来广播风暴问题.为避免由于洪泛造成的广播风暴问题,文中提出一种分布式Ad hoc网络广播算法.该算法无需任何控制报文.算法简单易行,适合移动无线网络环境.仿真实验结果表明新的算法与现有算法相比更加有效和健壮.     

Performance Analysis of Schemes in Fixed Two Frequency Reuse Relay Systems

An upsurge of interest in relay-augmented infrastructure-based networks has appeared in recent years. Radio resource management in such relay systems has great influence on the system performance. How to utilize the limited frequency resources efficiently in the system is a hot research topic. In this paper, performance of frequency reuse schemes has been studied in fixed relay systems. A novel scheme is achieved by modifying an existing one. Theoretical model is proposed for the performance analysis of two schemes. Both the theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the modified scheme outperforms the existing one not only in power consumption of mobile stations but also in cell carrier-to-interference ratio coverage.     

样本复杂性估计算法优化神经网络结构

在神经网络结构寻优中,样本复杂性估计算法是期望在寻优之前先对问题的规模有所估计,进而根据规模给出一个结构,使之不用从最小结构开始一一尝试。频域分析及仿真实验结果均证明了此算法的有效性。     

基于动态分流元胞传输模型的城市道路网络韧性评估

为全面评估重大扰动事件下城市道路网络抵御扰动并从扰动中快速恢复的能力，提出以改进元胞传输模型模拟路网流量分布状态，以韧性为测度指标的路网性能评估模型。针对传统元胞传输模型交叉口分流比例恒定的不足，明确考虑扰动事件影响期内因出行者调整路径可能导致的路径流量波动，构建出行决策行为与元胞流量传输的强耦合机制，提出一种新的动态分流元胞传输模型；基于动态分流元胞传输模型获得的路网性能参数，以路网效率为路网基础性能指标，构建反映扰动事件影响期内路网效率累积动态变化的韧性指标；并基于Sioux Falls网络开展算例研究。算例结果表明：相比传统元胞传输模型，提出的动态分流元胞传输模型通过设置交叉口动态分流参数，建立出行决策行为与元胞流量传输的动态耦合关系和路径流量变化与交叉口元胞分流比例的自洽机制，可准确描述路网实际流量分布状态；提出的基于路网效率的韧性指标可全面反映扰动事件发生后路网性能退化到恢复全过程的动态累积性能，直观展示路网抵御扰动并从扰动中恢复的能力，契合韧性内涵；韧性评估中若忽视出行决策行为潜在影响，将获得次优甚至明显偏离实际的方案或结果。     

OFDMA无线多跳蜂窝网中的节能型资源分配策略

为在基于正交频分多址接入技术的无线多跳蜂窝网中实现节能型资源分配,将无线多跳蜂窝网描述为树形分层拓扑结构,规定了该结构中的奇数层和偶数层节点在系统奇时隙和偶时隙中的发送-接收关系,建立了可同时适用于奇时隙和偶时隙的基于系统总发射功率的优化目标函数,并确定了包括链路比例公平因子等限制条件.考虑到难以得到实际系统最优解,在尽量减少计算复杂度的前提下,提出了一种次优化分配策略,使系统总发射功率最小化.仿真结果表明,与基于正交频分复用的时分多址接入等传统固定资源分配方法相比,运用本文提出的资源分配策略可使系统的总发射功率减少约1.5 dB,并能保持各条链路的比例公平性.     

RW22空调软卧车空气调节系统的微机控制

ＲＷ２２型空调软卧车的空气调节系统原是固定逻辑式接触器继电器控制系统，该系统可靠性差，占的空间体积大，易损坏，常因故障而停机，因此，不能满足人们对软卧车舒适性的要求，为提高软卧车空调系统的可靠性，减少故障率，采用可编程序控制器代替原控制系统中的继电器部分。文章分析了原系统控制要求，论述了用ＰＣ实现的控制过程及电气控制保护。     

轨道交通中异构智融车载网络发展综述

从蜂窝无线接入技术、非蜂窝无线接入技术、异构智融车载网络接入技术三方面，分析了国内外轨道交通车载网络的研究现状；针对非蜂窝无线接入技术和蜂窝无线接入技术的问题，阐述了协同利用轨道交通周边异构无线资源进行网络融合、协同通信的优越性；从网络模型、网络架构两方面论述了异构智融车载网络的融合方案；结合智能轨道交通业务需求，从可靠性和资源利用率两方面对现有的异构智融车载网络研究进行了系统性的归类梳理；从人工智能、安全性和云边结合三方面提出未来异构智融车载网络的发展趋势。研究结果表明:异构智融车载网络可靠性分为网络架构的可靠性和数据传输的可靠性，其中在网络架构可靠性方面，主要研究了通过冗余网络架构、车云传输架构、软件定义网络构架和智慧协同网络架构4种方式提升可靠性，在数据传输可靠性方面，主要研究了通过多路径传输、网络编码和切换算法降低传输过程中的丢包率；异构智融车载网络资源利用率分为无线接入的资源利用率和链路调度的资源利用率，其中在无线接入资源利用率方面，主要通过信道状态预测、频谱划分、频移补偿3种方式增加网络吞吐量，提高资源利用率，在链路调度的资源利用率方面，主要通过调度算法、接收缓存算法和拥塞控制算法来减少异构链路对数据传输的影响，降低数据重传次数，提高网络资源利用率。      

数据驱动的公交网络动态优化调整方法

为了更好地满足不断变化的公交出行需求和提高公交运营效率,本文提出一种数据驱动的公交网络动态优化调整方法——滚动决策,频率为先,增删迭代.该方法由两部分组成:第1部分是数据驱动的公交网络优化调整时机决策;第2部分是公交网络优化调整措施决策,包括发车频率优化和线网结构优化.该方法的具体思路为:对于给定的现状公交网络,通过数据建模分析,动态判断公交网络优化调整的触发时机,若触发优化,则优先进行发车频率优化调整,如果发车频率优化调整不能满足预期系统目标,则进行线网结构优化调整,线网结构优化调整策略简化为新增线路和删除线路的迭代.数值实验表明,该方法能比较充分利用智能公交系统采集的数据,可操作性强,可为公交网络动态优化提供决策参考.     

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对SUE问题中几种常用的路线选择模型进行了分类研究，重点介绍了它们各自的理论基础并比较了其差异，且通过多个算例分析了它们各自的表现效果．结果表明，同一网络中各个模型的表现效果不一定相同，不同网络中同一模型的表现效果也有所差异．这一研究对交通配流中的路线选择问题具有重要的指导意义，表明现有研究中常出现的通过单个选择模型或单个网络得出的结论并不一定可靠，应该根据模型和网络的特点谨慎选择．     

浅析海上HF数字和电子邮件无线电通信技术

在海上高频(HF)波段使用数字无线电通信技术已经成为全球航运界关注的热点,世界许多国家和有关国际机构正在积极研究。本文对这一通信新技术进行了跟踪和研究,阐述了海上HF数字和电子邮件无线电通信业务;同时对调制解调(MODEM)协议使用的关键技术进行了分析和研究,并提出应对措施。