大跨度系杆拱桥减隔震设计

以某大跨度系杆拱桥为背景,采用Midas /Civil通用有限元分析软件建立三维有限元模型,对比分析了多种工况下的地震响应,重点讨论了采用摩擦摆减隔震支座+黏滞阻尼器组合减隔震体系后的减震效果。结果表明:采用此减隔震体系能有效减小固定墩地震响应,上、下部结构均在安全范围内。     

桥梁减隔震设计与新型减隔震装置

结构减隔震设计通过在结构的适当位置布置减隔震装置,达到延长结构自振周期和耗散地震能量的目的。此时,主要的结构构件在罕遇地震作用下仍工作在弹性范围内。因此,结构减隔震设计方法可同时具备安全、经济、适用、易维护等多重优点,是最理想的抗震设计方法。以减隔震设计理论为技术支撑,多种新型抗震装置被开发出来,如高阻尼橡胶支座、滞后型阻尼器、液压阻尼器、电磁阻尼器等。文章论述了各种减隔震装置的基本理论及使用案例,有助于工程师进行抗震设计及减隔震产品的选择。     

Analysis of a Passive Sequential Hydraulic Damper for Vehicle Suspension

Vibration isolation characteristics of a sequential hydraulic damper, employing external pressure relief valves, are investigated via analytical means. The sequential hydraulic damper is modelled as a nonlinear dynamical system incorporating nonlinearities due to orifice flows, gas spring and pressure relief mechanisms. The damping characteristics of the sequential hydraulic damper, are compared to those of a constant orifice and a semi-active sequential damper, and discussed in view of their vibration isolation performance. It is established that the performance characteristics of the sequential hydraulic damper are similar to that of a semi-active sequential damper. A tuning methodology to achieve appropriate control of the resonant peak and effective vibration isolation is proposed. The shock and vibration isolation performance of the vehicle model employing a sequential damper are evaluated and compared to those of the vehicle model employing a constant orifice hydraulic damper. It is concluded that the vehicle ride performance can be improved considerably using an adequately tuned sequential damper.     

乘用车阀控阻尼可调减振器的产业化应用综述

文章梳理了当前乘用车产业中广泛使用的阀控阻尼可调减振器的种类,分别介绍了各类型的代表产品、应用车型、系统组成、阻尼力特性、硬件结构和工作原理等,并对阀控阻尼可调减振器的升级发展方向做出了展望.     

Load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological damper

In this paper, a load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological (MR) damper is investigated. In this suspension system, the MR damper is connected to a spring to form a load-leveling suspension system. The system effective stiffness and damping can be adjusted by controlling the MR damper. The characteristics of a load-leveling suspension system are studied first. When the linear damper is replaced with an MR damper, the averaging method is adopted to obtain the steady-state response of the nonlinear system. A comparison demonstrates that the results of the averaging method are in good agreement with those obtained by numerical simulations. The analytical results are then verified experimentally. The load-leveling suspension system studied here is able to adjust both suspension stiffness and damping and, hence, it may provide more effective vibration control in a wider frequency range, when the damper is controlled.     

Load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological damper

In this paper, a load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological (MR) damper is investigated. In this suspension system, the MR damper is connected to a spring to form a load-leveling suspension system. The system effective stiffness and damping can be adjusted by controlling the MR damper. The characteristics of a load-leveling suspension system are studied first. When the linear damper is replaced with an MR damper, the averaging method is adopted to obtain the steady-state response of the nonlinear system. A comparison demonstrates that the results of the averaging method are in good agreement with those obtained by numerical simulations. The analytical results are then verified experimentally. The load-leveling suspension system studied here is able to adjust both suspension stiffness and damping and, hence, it may provide more effective vibration control in a wider frequency range, when the damper is controlled.     

Inverse neuro-fuzzy MR damper model and its application in vibration control of vehicle suspension system

In this paper, a magneto-rheological (MR) damper-based semi-active controller for vehicle suspension is developed. This system consists of a linear quadratic Gauss (LQG) controller as the system controller and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) inverse model as the damper controller. First, a modified Bouc–Wen model is proposed to characterise the forward dynamic characteristics of the MR damper based on the experimental data. Then, an inverse MR damper model is built using ANFIS technique to determine the input current so as to gain the desired damping force. Finally, a quarter-car suspension model together with the MR damper is set up, and a semi-active controller composed of the LQG controller and the ANFIS inverse model is designed. Simulation results demonstrate that the desired force can be accurately tracked using the ANFIS technique and the semi-active controller can achieve competitive performance as that of active suspension.     

菱形钢阻尼减震支座与性能分析

针对中小跨径的梁式桥,围绕支座滑动、隔断地震力以及后续梁体的地震限位问题,本文提出一种同时具备优良滞回耗能特性和工程可实践性的菱形钢阻尼减震支座。首先详细介绍了该种支座的构造形式和工作机制,并通过数值仿真的技术手段研究了菱形钢阻尼元件的变形模式和力学行为,之后以一座典型的梁式桥为例,比较分析了滑动约束体系、采用菱形钢阻尼支座的减震体系、固定约束体系下墩底的剪力、弯矩需求以及墩-梁位移的地震响应情况,进而论证本文菱形钢阻尼支座的减震效果。     

汽车转向系减振器原理及其阻尼特性的试验分析

介绍了汽车转向系减振器的原理及其发展概况，提出了应用高频电液伺振器进行转向系减振器阻尼特性测试的试验技术及数据处理分析方法，并给出了一种轿转转向系减振器阻尼特性的试验分析结果，建立了其非线性阻尼参数模型。     

土木工程结构振动控制技术及其应用研究

结合工程实际,介绍了结构振动控制方法,并研究液体质量双调谐阻尼器(TLMD)及杠杆质量减振器(LMD)等新型阻尼减振系统.室内及实桥试验表明:由于兼具调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)与调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)的优点,TLMD便于调谐,减振效果与耐久性更好.理论及室内试验证明:与现有减振措施相比,LMD对桥梁景观的不良影响小,易于安装、养护,且减振效果更好,是一种更适于超长斜拉索振动控制的"广谱"减振器.     

粘滞阻尼器在自锚式悬索桥中的减隔震应用研究

该文以广州猎德大桥振动台试验为实际工程背景,研究了非线性粘滞阻尼器对该桥抗震性能的影响。对非线性粘滞阻尼器的两个参数即阻尼系数C和阻尼指数ξ进行了参数敏感性分析研究,确定了纵向粘滞阻尼器的合理参数;并按照相似比制作了粘滞阻尼器模型,安装于1∶60猎德大桥全三维缩尺模型上,进行了全桥振动台试验。研究结果表明,通过选择适当的粘滞阻尼器的参数,可以有效降低结构在地震作用下关键部位的相对位移,同时也改善了结构构件的地震力。     

磁流变减振器极限高低温特性及变温正逆模型

磁流变减振器阻尼力和电流的精确控制是实现半主动悬架的算法、达到整车系统控制目标的必要条件,但由于磁流变液的温度敏感性使得磁流变减振器阻尼力强烈依赖温度变化,带来模型失配和控制效果弱化的问题。基于此进行磁流变减振器在不同电流和速度下的高低温(-40℃～80℃)示功试验研究,揭示磁流变减振器在低温下丧失阻尼特性而表现出刚度特性,在高温下黏滞阻尼退化的特性规律。为了描述磁流变减振器随温度变化的复杂非线性特性,提出一种新的磁流变减振器变温参数化双曲滞回模型,该模型引入温度作为自变量,对磁流变减振器黏滞阻尼、刚度及滞回特性进行准确描述。为了面向实际减振器控制,在此双曲滞回模型的基础上,进一步线性化求逆得到磁流变减振器温度修正的逆模型。该逆模型输入预期阻尼力和减振器压缩速度作为自变量,可以直接给出满足减振器力值约束的控制电流。研究结果表明：相较于未进行温度补偿的逆模型,该逆模型能够平均提升12.79%的电流控制精度以及12.53%的控制力跟踪精度;进行温度修正的模型能够在仿真中还原更真实的磁流变减振器力学特性,逆模型能够给出更精确的控制电流,为充分发挥磁流变减振器的能力、实现车辆的半主动悬架精确控...     

复合式减振器对柴油机噪声影响的试验研究

设计了一种可调频的动力减振器和原柴油机上的橡胶扭振减振器组成了扭／弯复合式减振器。在一直列6缸车用柴油机上进行了噪声影响试验。研究结果表明，选择合适的减振频率，复合减振器对于轴系的三维振动具有良好的减振效果，发动机的噪声也可以得到一定程度的抑制。     

桥梁板式橡胶支座与粘滞阻尼器组合使用的减震性能研究

在分析几种减隔震装置的减震耗能机理的基础上．提出了粘滞阻尼器与板式橡胶支座组合使用的减震措施,并利用非线性时程地震反应分析方法。对这种组合装置的减震性能进行了研究。为了研究阻尼系数、阻尼指数和周期对减隔震桥梁地震反应的影响。本文做了大量的参数分析。研究结果表明．组合使用板式橡胶支座和粘滞阻尼器,既能显著地减小结构地震力。又能有效地控制梁体位移及墩、梁相对位移。     

黏滞惯性质量阻尼器对斜拉索减振效果的数值分析

随着斜拉桥跨度的增大,斜拉索长度也越长,会同时存在发生风雨激振和涡激共振的可能性。风雨激振参与模态主要为低阶,涡激共振参与模态为高阶,这给斜拉索减振阻尼器的设计带来了新的挑战。采用数值方法,研究了黏滞惯性质量阻尼器（Viscous Inertial Mass Damper,VIMD）的斜拉索减振效果。首先,将斜拉索简化为张紧弦,建立了斜拉索-VIMD系统的运动微分方程,采用有限差分方法对方程进行数值求解。然后,以苏通大桥A30号斜拉索为工程背景,研究了各参数对该系统模态阻尼比的影响。最后,研究了阻尼器支架刚度对斜拉索-VIMD系统减振效果的影响,并将数值解与近似解析解进行对比。研究结果表明：在传统的黏滞阻尼器中并联惯性质量单元,可显著提高斜拉索的模态阻尼比,非常有利于减振;斜拉索-VIMD系统各阶模态的量纲为1的阻尼比曲线不重合,这与传统的斜拉索-VD（Viscous Damper）系统不同;斜拉索-VIMD系统的模态阻尼比随支架刚度的减小而急剧减小。     

Generalized magnetorheological (MR) damper model and its application in semi-active control of vehicle suspension system

In this paper, analytical characterization of the magneto-rheological (MR) damper is done using a new modified algebraic model. Algebraic model is also more preferable because of its low computational expenses compared to differential Bouc-Wen’s model which is highly computationally demanding. This model along with the obtained model parameters is used as a semi-active suspension device in a quarter car model and the stationary response of the vehicle traversing on a rough road is obtained. The control part consists of two nested controllers. One of them is the system controller which generates the desired damping force and the other is the damper controller which adjusts the voltage level to MR damper so as to track the desired damping force. For the system controller a model reference skyhook Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) is used and for the damper controller a continuous state algorithm is built to determine the input voltage so as to gain the desired damping force. The analytical model is subsequently used in the quarter car vehicle model and the vehicular responses are studied. A simulation study is performed to prove the effectiveness and robustness of the semi-active control approach. Results show that the semi-active controller can achieve compatible performance as that of active suspension controller except for a little deterioration.     

Design of a Stroke Dependent Damper for the Front Axle Suspension of a Truck Using Multibody System Dynamics and Numerical Optimization

Summary A stroke dependent damper is designed for the front axle suspension of a truck. The damper supplies extra damping for inward deflections rising above 4 cm. In this way the damper should reduce extreme suspension deflections without deteriorating the comfort of the truck. But the question is which stroke dependent damping curve yields the best compromise between suspension deflection working space and comfort. Therefore an optimization problem is defined to minimize the maximum inward suspension deflection subject to constraints on the chassis acceleration for three typical road undulations. The optimization problem is solved using sequential linear programming (SLP) and multibody dynamics simulation software. Several optimization runs have been carried out for a small two degree of freedom vehicle model and a large full-scale model of the truck semi-trailer combination. The results show that the stroke dependent damping can reduce large deflections at incidental road disturbances, but that the optimum stroke dependent damping curve is related to the acceleration bound. By means of vehicle model simulation and numerical optimization we have been able to quantify this trade-off between suspension deflection working space and truck comfort.     

可调减振器阻尼控制与半主动悬架的试验研究

建立车辆半主动悬架1/4模型,提出可调减振器阻尼控制的实现方法,设计半主动悬架台架试验系统。在可调减振器试验的基础上,建立了可调减振器阻尼与步进电机转角之间的关系。最后,对半主动悬架1/4物理模型进行了台架试验。结果表明,试验系统稳定可靠,阻尼控制易于实现,半主动悬架能较好地适应不同的路面输入,为半主动悬架及控制系统的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

Experimental evaluation of modally distributed damping in heavy vehicles

This work presents theory as well as implementation of a modally distributed damping system with electronically controlled variable dampers. The presented approach follows from estimation of vehicle modal motions, through calculation of desirable modal damping forces to distribution of forces on the utilised dampers. The response time of the damping system is first evaluated in a damper test rig. The damping system is then implemented on a 4×2 tractor that is connected to a semi-trailer. Several road tests are performed to investigate how the system work under real driving conditions on a real vehicle, that includes nonlinearities and chassis frame flexibility that are theoretically unaccounted for, together with the limitations that comes with the control algorithm implementation. It is shown that the approach works and that it results in a considerable improvement for both the bounce and pitch modes, i.e. the system enables selecting damping for the sprung mass modes separately.     

馈能式磁流变减振器自供电特性研究

本文设计了集馈能与减振功能于一体的磁流变减振器,从能量传递的角度出发,分析了馈能式磁流变悬架系统能量流动路径,提出了馈能式磁流变减振器自供电准则。通过建立1/4馈能式悬架系统模型和基于广义回归神经网络的减振器控制器进行仿真分析,以确定所设计的磁流变减振器在不同路面激励下的自供电工作范围。