基于CFD分析的船舶横摇运动统计特征

船舶大幅度横摇的准确预报一直是船舶工程界关注的热点研究方向之一。基于CFD软件Fluent对船舶横摇问题进行了数值模拟研究,建立了船体自由横摇运动的有限体积模型。通过对一系列船体于静水中作不同初始横摇角的自由横摇运动进行数值模拟,分析得出船体横摇非线性过程中横摇角幅值存在一定的统计规律,并提出基于此统计规律对船体的大幅横摇运动进行数值预报的方法。     

尾附体形式对潜艇操纵性的影响研究

分析了十字型尾、T字型尾和木字型尾三种尾操纵面布局形式对潜艇操纵性的影响，指出了潜艇配备三种尾型的优劣，并分别进行了数值预报。     

船舶矢量舵减横摇控制系统

针对未加装减摇装置系统的船舶的横摇运动问题,本文提出由舵和翼舵构成2个相对独立的矢量控制面减横摇稳定控制系统,建立了矢量舵控制力矩和扭矩与舵角、翼舵角的m阶回归模型,给出了拟合精度。设计了系统μ-鲁棒控制器,本系统能量最小指标下设计了基于改进遗传算法的舵角/翼舵角智能协调决策器。仿真结果表明,在保证航向控制精度同时,矢量舵减横摇μ-鲁棒控制系统能有效减小横摇,降低系统能耗,且增强了抗系统参数摄动的鲁棒性。     

基于升摇效果分析新型船舶舵减摇潜力

为探究某新型船舶的舵减摇潜力,将该船舶的实际船体参数引入到船舶运动模型中,通过建立的Matlab仿真平台进行模拟仿真,观察船舶在不考虑海浪等环境干扰情况下,不同摆舵幅度和操舵频率对船舶横摇角的影响。根据横摇角的变化特点设计实验方案,探究该新型船舶在舵速限制下能产生的最大横摇角,分析船舶具备的舵减摇潜力。根据实验可知,通过合理的操舵策略,该船舶能够产生较大的横摇角,具备较好的舵减摇潜力。     

极地科考船在规则波中的参数横摇数值模拟

以一艘极地科考船为研究对象,利用基于Rankine面元法的Wasim模块,分析其在不同波浪条件下参数横摇发生的规律。首先建立了适合Wasim模块计算的数值模型,基于考虑黏性的CFD模拟下的自由横摇运动引入了非线性阻尼,进而验证了在Wasim中进行横摇运动模拟的准确性;然后模拟了船舶谐摇的情况,将谐摇结果作为基本值对比后续的参数横摇结果;最后模拟了不同浪向角和波浪频率下的船舶参数横摇运动,分析了极地科考船发生参数横摇的规律。结果表明,Wasim模块能够较好地模拟船舶横摇运动;参数横摇发生在遭遇频率为固有频率1.95～2.1倍区间范围内;无航速下,在横浪附近的参数横摇较为严重,容易引起船舶倾覆;设计航速下,参数横摇更易发生在迎浪的波浪条件下。     

三维船体横摇运动数值模拟及舭龙骨阻尼特性研究（英文）

为研究舭龙骨阻尼特性及尺寸航速等因素的影响,本文基于计算流体动力学方法分别对有、无舭龙骨三维船体的自由横摇衰减运动以及强迫横摇运动进行数值模拟研究,有无舭龙骨的三维船体的横摇阻尼之差即为舭龙骨阻尼。对F_r=0.138、初始横摇角10°带舭龙骨船体的自由横摇衰减数值模拟算例作了验证与确认分析,自由横摇衰减时历曲线与实验结果吻合较好,固有周期和横摇阻尼精度较高。进一步分析研究了不同几何尺寸、初始横摇角、航速以及频率等参数对舭龙骨阻尼的影响。自由横摇衰减模拟研究中舭龙骨阻尼随着舭龙骨宽度、初始横摇角度的增大而增大;当航速为0时,舭龙骨阻尼在总阻尼占比最大,航速对舭龙骨阻尼绝对值影响较小。强迫横摇模拟研究表明:当横摇角一定,舭龙骨阻尼随着频率的增大而非线性增大,在固有频率附近,粘性效应不可忽略。     

波浪中船舶操纵横摇预报及舵效影响分析

基于经典MMG模型建立操纵性和横摇四自由度耦合模型,并利用耦合模型叠加波浪力的方式,论文对一艘S175自航船模进行波浪中操纵性和横摇预报,并根据自航模试验进行对比验证;其波浪力采用三维面元法计算,并根据船舶实时速度和遭遇浪向进行二维插值。在验证模型准确性后,对船舶在不同舵速、浪向角下的操纵运动进行时域模拟,比较了舵速和遭遇浪向对船舶舵效的影响,分析了浪向、波频对船舶操纵和回转时横摇的影响。     

U型水舱在船舶中的垂向布置问题

基于“船舶－被动式U型减摇水舱”系统运动微分方程，分析了U型减摇水舱在船舶中的垂向位置对船舶横摇质量惯性矩、横摇复原系数、横摇固有频率、船舶与水舱的耦合惯性矩等系统方程参数及对船舶横摇运动和舱内液体运动的影响。结果表明，水舱垂向位置高船舶横摇中心越远，由舱内液体引起的船舶横摇质量惯性矩和横摇复原系数越大，船舶横摇固有频率则越小。而耦合惯性矩则随水舱布置高度的变化呈减小的趋势。对于各种不同类型的船舶，存在一个使舱内液体不发生振荡的奇异位置，这时水舱不产生任何的减摇效果，船舶的横摇运动与不安装水舱时相同。利用我校所研制的减摇水舱模型性能摇摆台进行了水舱模型不同垂向布置时的强迫振荡试验，试验结果与仿真结果具有很好的一致性。指出了除水舱固有频率和水舱阻尼外，水舱在船舶中的垂直方向位置也是影响水舱减摇性能和船舶减摇后的横摇运动的主要因素之一，在减摇水舱设计初期应当予以考虑。     

变周期减摇水舱控制与仿真

减摇水舱的设计首先要考虑与船体的适配,同时在设计中要重点考虑水舱的阻尼与周期特性,其中周期特性是水舱最基本的特性参数,适用周期范围越宽,减摇效果越理想。针对变周期减摇水舱的相当长度与一般U型水舱相当长度计算的不同之处——其连通道宽度可调且边舱面积随边舱外壁角变化而变化,通过积分方法推导出了可变周期减摇水舱相当长度的计算公式,提出了一种适用于变周期减摇水舱的估算方法。所设计的变周期减摇水舱采用连通道挡板控制改变周期,避免了气阀控制的时间延迟问题,还可根据船体运动规律调整连通道阻尼挡板以提高减摇效果。以某型船为例,建立了船舶减摇水舱仿真模型。经减摇水舱自由衰减振荡数值仿真方法验证,所提出的周期估算公式可靠。采用该模型研究了变周期减摇水舱的控制方法,结果表明,在其工作范围内,可使横摇角始终保持在8°以内,可以在5.5～18 s的周期范围内有效减摇,大大超过了被动式减摇水舱的工作频带。     

规则波浪中舰船操纵与横摇耦合运动模拟及特性分析

采用六自由度舰船操纵性方程与横摇波浪力矩耦合构成动力学模型,对舰船在规则波浪中的操纵与横摇耦合运动特性进行了模拟研究.其中操纵性方程采用MMG模型,波浪力矩由切片法计算,舰船航向按PD控制.模拟计算了某船正横规则波浪下保持航向的横摇运动,计算结果与单自由度理论结果进行了比较,其幅频曲线与相频曲线两者符合较好,间接证明了耦合构成动力学模型的有效性.在此基础上计算了不同浪向角和航速下的横摇运动,以横摇等值极坐标曲线表征舰船规则波浪中的横摇特性,从而给出了规则波浪下舰船耦合动力学所描述的运动特征.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。