中洞法地铁车站变形及风险控制

地铁（城市轨道交通）工程暗挖车站采用中洞法较为常见,依据大连市地铁2号线典型中洞法车站（长春路站）施工过程中变形数据情况,采用数据时程曲线图方式,结合现场施工及安全巡视情况分析该工法施工的变形规律及风险控制问题。     

郑西客运专线大断面黄土隧道施工方法研究

文章结合郑西客运专线大断面黄土隧道设计、施工及科研情况,从沉降变形控制、施工进度、机械配套等方面对双侧壁导洞、CRD、CD、弧形导洞等4种工法进行了比选分析,提出了与不同工况相适应的工法以及施工要点,可供参考和借鉴。     

预切槽技术及其应用中的关键技术问题

随着我国隧道建设的大发展,面临的复杂地质和环境问题以及劳动力紧张问题也越来越突出。预切槽法是一种独特的施工技术,是介于浅埋暗挖法和盾构法之间的一种方法,它和浅埋暗挖法配合可以形成复杂地质和地面环境下的新型隧道施工技术。采用此法可大大提高施工的机械化水平,同时可有效地控制地表沉降。文章论述了预切槽工法的机械组成、控制地层变形的基本原理以及应用中的关键技术问题,相信这种工法必将以其良好的控制地层变形能力和灵活性重新得到重视。     

新建隧道矿山-盾构法下穿既有地铁车站综合应用研究

文章以深圳地铁10号线福田口岸-福民站区间隧道近接下穿4号线福田口岸站施工实例为依托,针对浅埋暗挖法和盾构法均难以单独满足该工程施工要求的情况,对传统工法进行了改进,制定了先以矿山法开挖上台阶并截桩,然后以素混凝土回填上台阶,最后以盾构法开挖通过形成最终隧道结构的工法方案。通过对该方案的数值模拟分析,发现采用该工法下穿施工时可以满足既有车站及地表的变形控制要求。     

泥水平衡盾构到达钢套筒辅助接收施工技术

在广州轨道交通二、八号线南延线某泥水加压盾构法隧道施工中,针对特殊的工程地质条件,通过采用泥水平衡盾构到达钢套筒辅助接收新工法解决了施工难题.本工法的关键技术主要包括:接收钢套筒填料及检验;盾构机穿越地下连续墙进入钢套筒施工工艺;盾构机到达后钢套筒拆解的安全保护措施等.工程实践证明,此辅助工法取得了较为理想的效果,有效地抑制了地面沉降和结构变形,保证了施工安全和施工质量.     

木寨岭隧道大变形控制技术

对于隧道大变形控制,需综合考虑加固围岩、大刚度支护、适度应力释放、合理工法以及强化建设管理等手段,多措并举。文章以木寨岭特长隧道施工大变形控制为工程实例,总结和分析斜井及正洞施工中不同程度的大变形段落支护结构调整及变形控制理念。结果表明:(1)对于一般大变形段,适当提高隧道支护结构强度和刚度即可有效抑制变形和支护破坏;(2)对于中等大变形段,可进一步提高支护结构强度和刚度,或者辅以径向注浆、加长加密锚杆、局部增设套拱等措施,变形也能得到基本控制;(3)对于严重—极严重变形段,必须采取超前应力释放、长短锚固体系加固围岩、分层施作大刚度支护等综合措施才能有效控制变形,保证施工及结构长期安全稳定。     

隧道超前支护与水平旋喷技术开发

隧道超前水平旋喷支护是解决大断面隧道穿越松散不良地层的可靠方法,具有加固效果好、施工速度快等优点,是目前国际先进的隧道超前支护方法。针对隧道施工环境和目前水平旋喷工法存在的问题,研制成功一种带孔口止浆器的全方位高压喷射注浆新工法,以及国内第一台隧道全方位高压喷射注浆钻机及其旋喷后台配套设备。该工法能够可靠实现隧道开挖超前支护的拱棚。在水平倾斜、侧斜及仰角高压喷射注浆时可实现孔内浆液的饱满和压力控制及仰角喷射注浆时可实现孔内浆液的饱满和压力控制,能够确保注浆体质量,减少对地层的消弱,从而控制地基变形;废浆液通过导流管实现有序排放,避免施工场地环境污染。     

高陡边坡下隧道洞口区稳定性研究

为研究隧道开挖工法对高陡边坡下隧道洞口区稳定性的影响,文章依托某实际隧道工程,采用FLAC3D软件建立了相应的三维模型,对三台阶法、环形预留核心土法和CRD法开挖施工进行模拟分析,并与现场监测结果进行对比,得到如下结论:(1)对比三种工法开挖时隧道围岩和边坡变形可知,CRD法为最适宜,采用该工法开挖隧道时,洞口区围岩和边坡变形最小;(2)数值模拟所得围岩及边坡变形变化规律与现场监测结果基本一致,故采用数值法进行隧道施工优化具有一定的可行性;(3)为减少隧道开挖对洞口区边坡的影响,采用CRD法进行隧道开挖,结合锚索预加固可有效提高边坡稳定性。     

《隧道设计与施工-岩土控制变形分析法》新书征订

《隧道设计与施工-岩土控制变形分析法》由新意法鼻祖——国际著名隧道专家皮埃特罗.卢纳尔迪(Prof.Pietro Lunardi)先生撰写,该书全面、系统地介绍了岩土控制变形分析法(亦称新意法)的理论体系、工法内容及实际工程案例,对于技术人员了解新意法以及在工程中更好地推广具有重要参考价值。     

小净距隧道施工技术及地表沉降的模拟与监测

结合永宁高速公路曾家顶小净距隧道施工实例,详细介绍了隧道进出口Ⅴ级围岩段的3台阶结合环形开挖留核心土的综合开挖工法、Ⅳ级围岩段的台阶法施工及光面控制爆破、中夹岩的加固等施工技术;并针对出口浅埋段进行的地表沉降数值模拟与现场监控量测.分析探讨了地表位移变形特征和开挖支护工法的合理性.所取得的经验和成果可为类似工程的设计、施工和进一步研究提供参考.     

铁路隧道钻爆法机械化修建设计关键技术北大核心CSCD

隧道钻爆法机械化修建方法是以全工序高效率大型机械配套为基础,用以解决复杂山区长大山岭隧道安全、优质、高效及经济等施工问题的一种技术方法。文章从隧道设计角度论述了钻爆法机械化修建面临的掌子面安全控制与洞身段变形控制两大关键挑战,并总结了以机械化全断面全地质型施工技术、掌子面稳定性评价方法、掌子面超前主动支护技术、掌子面超前支护“定量化”精准设计技术、低预应力锚杆主动支护技术、早高强喷混凝土主动支护技术、初期支护快速成环封闭技术、围岩形变压力计算方法等为核心的隧道钻爆法机械化修建设计关键技术,为推广应用隧道钻爆法机械化修建方法提供技术支撑。     

宜巴高速公路界岭隧道横洞进正洞挑顶施工方案比选

宜巴高速公路界岭隧道施工中,由于复杂的地质状况和处理坍塌历时过长,整个隧道工程严重滞后建设项目工期。因此,决定增设横洞,从横洞向正洞掘进,增加主洞工作面,以满足项目建设进度要求。文章详细介绍了增设横洞两种方案的施工工艺,在技术可行、经济合理基础上,针对界岭隧道横洞垂直贯穿进入正洞和曲线渐变过渡施工转入正洞的施工方案进行了分析对比。     

Analysis of the Stability of the Shield Tunnel Excavation Face Considering Fluid-Solid Coupling Effect北大核心CSCD

In order to study the impacts of the transient seepage on the stability of tunnel excavation face during the installation of lining segments, the fluid-solid coupling effect based numerical model of the tunnel excavation face was developed by the finite element software PLAXIS. With adoption of the variablecontrolling approach, the influences of the depth/diameter ratio (the ratio of the buried depth to diameter of the tunnel) and the support pressure ratio (the ratio of the face support pressure to water and soil pressures ahead of the excavation face) on the face stability and ground settlement were investigated, respectively. At same time, the failure modes of the excavation face under the fluid-solid coupling analysis were also discussed. The results show that:1) the transient seepage leads to the development of the soil arching at the front of the excavation face, in which the smaller deformation at the excavation face is achieved, and so less support pressure for the face stability is allowed. While for the plastic analysis without taking into account the effect of transient seepage, a higher support pressure is required to maintain the stability of the excavation face; 2) in the fluid-solid coupling analysis, the depth/diameter ratio has less impacts on the stability of the excavation surface, but has larger impacts on the ground settlement. The larger the depth/diameter ratio, the larger the ground surface settlement and the settlement profile; 3) however, with the combination of the decrease of the support pressure and the impact of transient seepage on the settlement of ground surface, the soil arching effect in front of the excavation face is gradually reduced. The deformation zone at the ground surface is then connected with the deformed part ahead of the tunnel face to form a wedge-shaped soil sliding zone. It is also observed that the wedge-shaped body tends to have a larger funnel-shaped failure mode than that in the plastic analysis without considering the transient seepage. The results show that the transient seepage has a great impact on the stability of tunnel excavation face in the soil condition with high permeability ratio. The fluid-solid coupling analysis should be adopted to evaluate the deformation of excavation face and ground settlement. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

隧道掌子面与溶洞安全距离分析

岩溶地区隧道开挖掌子面前方存在的大型溶洞对施工的威胁非常大,如何确定开挖掌子面前方合理的岩盘安全厚度,并及时进行超前支护或对溶洞进行处理,是岩溶隧道施工中必须解决的一个关键技术问题。文章通过数值模拟和理论计算,对隧道掌子面与溶洞安全距离的影响因素进行了分析研究,建立了预测隧道掌子面前方岩盘安全厚度的计算方法(经验类比法、理论计算法、数值分析法)及计算图式,给出了安全距离计算公式并进行了工程实例分析。     

新加坡地铁C855标盾构隧道开挖面稳定性分析及泥水压力设定

复合地层中盾构隧道开挖面稳定性一直是盾构隧道工程技术难点之一。新加坡地铁环线属于典型的复合地层,并首次大规模采用泥水平衡盾构施工。文章结合地铁环线C855标段,对复合地层泥水平衡盾构施工中开挖面的稳定性分析与泥水压力设定等问题进行了探讨,基于Anagnostou和Kovari提出的楔形体模型,引进稳定数Ns概念,对沿线开挖面的泥水压力进行了分析计算,综合考虑设备性能、周边环境条件、现场组织与实施等因素给出了泥水压力设定表;并针对工程实施过程中遇到的问题,如开挖面坍塌、泥水逃逸以及降水等情况进行了分析,成果可为其它类似工程提供借鉴与参考。     

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Intelligent Degree of the Mining Face Based on Grey Relational Analysis北大核心CSCD

In order to further evaluate the intelligent degree of the coal mining face scientifically and reasonably, this paper constructs a gray relational analysis based comprehensive evaluation model for the intelligent degree of mining face by deeply analyzing the influencing factors on the intelligent degree of mining face, such as surrounding rock detection, mining equipment, production system, supporting production system, organization and management, etc. By quantifying and scoring factors affecting the intelligence degree of mining face, using the hierarchical analysis method to obtain the weights and determine the correlations, the intelligence degrees of mining face are classified into four levels: excellent, good, medium and poor. Using the comprehensive evaluation model to empirically verify the 802 working face of Shaanxi Huangling Mining Co., Ltd., the calculated correlation is 0.765 8, which indicates that the intelligent degree of 802 working face is excellent according to the rating criteria, and it is consistent with the actual situation. Therefore, the comprehensive evaluation model based on gray relational analysis can accurately and objectively evaluate the intelligent degree of the mining face. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

浅述隧道掌子面开挖炮眼的设计要求

隧道掌子面的开挖炮眼设计是爆破开挖方式中的重要组成部分,其设计的合理是否将直接影响到开挖炮眼的施工质量及掌子面的爆破效果,对隧道的掘进效果有着关键性的影响。文章以宝石山隧道为例,从炮眼数量、药量、深度、布局等方面,详细阐述了隧道掌子面开挖炮眼设计的具体要求,为类似隧道工程项目提供参考。     

铁路隧道下穿既有公路地层变形特性研究

文章结合张唐铁路工程燕山隧道下穿公路出口段,采用三维有限差分程序,研究分析了其施工过程中的地层变形特性、力学响应、能量积聚及塑性区分布特征.研究结果表明:公路最大沉降量小于规范要求,围岩竖向最大变形为20 mm,水平变形为16 mm;掌子面前方挤出变形明显,最大值为38 mm;边墙能量密度集中现象较显著,位于距洞壁5 m深部围岩处;掌子面前方6 m左右围岩处出现能量积聚,为掌子面稳定关键部位:塑性区主要集中在掌子面前方、拱肩、边墙及墙脚.为此,建议对掌子面进行预加固,保证墙脚和拱肩部位配筋,提高结构整体稳定性.     

岩体温度法隧道施工掌子面前方涌水预测预报探讨

文章在简要介绍各种隧道涌水预报方法优缺点和岩体温度法隧道涌水预报研究现状的基础上,分析了岩体温度法隧道施工掌子面前方含水体预测预报中影响岩体温度测试的因素及需要解决的问题,初步探讨了隧道洞内岩体温度变化与隧道施工掌子面前方含水体的关系,提出了应用岩体温度法进行隧道施工掌子面前方含水体预测预报的可能性。     

Driver fatigue: a vision-based approach to automatic diagnosis

In this paper, we describe a system that locates and tracks the eyes of a driver. The purpose of such a system is to perform detection of driver fatigue. By mounting a small camera inside the car, we can monitor the face of the driver and look for eye movements which indicate that the driver is no longer in condition to drive. In such a case, a warning signal should be issued. This paper describes how to find and track the eyes. We also describe a method that can determine if the eyes are open or closed. The primary criterion for this system is that it must be highly non-intrusive. The system must also operate regardless of the texture and the color of the face. It must also be able to handle changing conditions such as changes in light, shadows, reflections, etc. Initial experimental results are very promising even when the driver moves his/her head in a way such that the camera does not have a frontal view of the driver’s face.