海上拖航运输中的实际承运人辨析

根据《海商法》以及相关的理论与实践,对我国司法实践中的案例进行分析,并概括海上拖航运输中的实际承运人辨析的依据和方法。     

海上拖航西班牙“大驳船”

海上拖航．是海上营运常见的业务。据说第二次世界大战后．美国有一艘远洋拖轮．从美国的西海岸拖一艘“中字驳”横越太平洋到我国某港口．在途中被拖船一会儿左蹿．一会儿右闯．游来荡去，有时甚至跑到了拖轮的前面去．把个拖轮船长弄得不堪其扰，穷于应付．虽然最终还是拖到了目的港，但拖轮船长已是精疲力竭了。     

如何保持船舶海上拖航安全

随着航运事业的不断发展,海洋开发、港口建设的不断加快,船舶海上拖航已成为航运业不可缺少的一部分。在船舶拖航中如何保持船舶海上拖航安全,使之避免和减少各类事故的发生,是救助打捞行业始终研究的课题。本人认为保持船舶海上拖航安全,首先必须熟悉法规,并要做好拖航准备、拖航检验、拖航操作、抵离港口操作等各项工作。     

拖航世界最大海上石油钻井平台

2009年4月5日14时55分，“东海救111”轮救助船员经过连续76个小时的艰苦努力，在救捞系统和远洋公司多位资深船长的合作指挥下，终于将国际超大型钻井平台“希望一号”由南通中海造船厂安全运送到启东连兴港，刷新了救捞系统大马力拖轮拖航海上石油钻井平台的纪录。     

大型海上钻井平台出港拖航的操纵技术分析

针对大型海上钻井平台在港内受限水域拖航的特殊操纵问题,根据船舶操纵理论及烟台港实际引领案例,介绍了引航方案的制定和引领操纵过程,总结了操纵经验,提出了操纵要领,为类似的超大型特殊船舶的港内拖航操纵提供参考.     

大型拖航船队海上航行的安全操作

近年来,海上大型拖航业务越来越红火,它的优点是方便、简捷和低成本,深受货主和船东的青睐。但是,同时也应该看到,海上大型拖航虽说优点不少,风险却也很大。如在狭水道避让来往船舶;在复杂水域避让渔船、渔网;尤其在大风浪天气中航行,操作稍有不当或疏忽,便有可能发生拖航事故。现根据自己多年海上拖航经历,谈谈大型拖航船队海上拖航操作上的一些注意问题,供同行参考。1大型拖航船队海上避让流网渔船的操作流网渔船在我国浙江、福建沿海较为常见。由于这些地区的渔民对船舶信号以及航行规则不熟悉,安全意识又差,时常给海船航行,尤其对救助船…     

半潜式钻井平台的海上拖航

当前,海上拖带大型钻井平台,占远洋拖航业务较大比例。对大型平台的拖带,为保证拖航安全,从航行计划的制订、被拖物稳性、拖航索具的准备、接解拖的准备、海上应急情况的准备等,各个环节均需慎密考虑,认真落实。以下就拖带半潜式平台谈谈体会:     

纵横四大洋拖航六万里--德意轮拖带基辅号航母纪实

2000年5月15日,一艘悬挂五星红旗的拖船在北冰洋的纷飞大雪中悄然驶抵俄罗斯北方军港--摩尔曼斯克港.放眼望去,位于北极圈、环山而建的摩尔曼斯克军港,零星散布着几艘炮艇和小舰艇,周围的山峰白雪皑皑,一派肃杀的气氛.而在凛烈的寒风中,基辅号航空母舰这只庞然大物静静地靠在码头上,硕大的躯体上斑斑驳驳,满目疮痍,仿佛一头伤痕累累、奄奄一息的雄狮,在等候着命运的宣判……     

大件拖航检验注意事项

近年来．随着国民经济的快速发展，大件运输越来越频繁．对超高物体的装运．部分专业公司积累了大量的经验．作为船检部门．我们应该注意哪些方面的问题呢？本文通过实例介绍了验船师在进行大件拖航检验时应注意的问题，主要包括大件的绑扎系固和稳定性分析。     

Competition in ship handling: a study of market turbulence in North European harbour towage

This paper addresses the issues of an increasingly competitive towage industry in Northern European ports. Enhanced competitiveness reflects the trends in the global mobility of capital, labour, enterprise and management within the context of deregulated port markets. Up until the early 1990s, the long term trend in major North European ports had been towards market concentration. Many small towage firms have been taken-over, bought out or merged. Alternatively, a pattern of consortia has emerged with co-operation and market sharing seen as preferable to ruinous competition. A contrasting trend has occurred in the 1990s, with new entrants into hitherto stable markets. In a number of ports Antwerp, Rotterdam, Bremerhaven, Hamburg, Southampton, Thamesport, Bristol Channel new fleets have brought competitive challenge to the incumbent towage fleets. The process of enhanced competitiveness raises questions of safety, reliability, investment and professionalism. The movement towards an openly competitive shipping industry has been in evidence from the 1960s onwards. The momentum of a dynamic shipping industry, with its competitiveness sharpened by the use of global supply factors, has intensified from that period. The movement in European tonnage towards flags of convenience and global labour supplies began in the tanker and bulk carrier markets; more recently this has spread to deep sea liner, short sea and even cabotage trade shipping. The towage industry is the last North European shipping sector to make this transition, following the trends towards port deregulation in the 1990s. From this perspective, this paper considers the impact on the towage market of global mobility and deregulation in North European towage markets the impact of increased competition on the traditional operators and the likely effect on operational towage standards.     

Competition in ship handling: a study of market turbulence in North European harbour towage

This paper addresses the issues of an increasingly competitive towage industry in Northern European ports. Enhanced competitiveness reflects the trends in the global mobility of capital, labour, enterprise and management within the context of deregulated port markets. Up until the early 1990s, the long term trend in major North European ports had been towards market concentration. Many small towage firms have been taken-over, bought out or merged. Alternatively, a pattern of consortia has emerged with co-operation and market sharing seen as preferable to ruinous competition. A contrasting trend has occurred in the 1990s, with new entrants into hitherto stable markets. In a number of ports—Antwerp, Rotterdam, Bremerhaven, Hamburg, Southampton, Thamesport, Bristol Channel—new fleets have brought competitive challenge to the incumbent towage fleets. The process of enhanced competitiveness raises questions of safety, reliability, investment and professionalism. The movement towards an openly competitive shipping industry has been in evidence from the 1960s onwards. The momentum of a dynamic shipping industry, with its competitiveness sharpened by the use of global supply factors, has intensified from that period. The movement in European tonnage towards flags of convenience and global labour supplies began in the tanker and bulk carrier markets; more recently this has spread to deep sea liner, short sea and even cabotage trade shipping. The towage industry is the last North European shipping sector to make this transition, following the trends towards port deregulation in the 1990s. From this perspective, this paper considers the impact on the towage market of global mobility and deregulation in North European towage markets—the impact of increased competition on the traditional operators and the likely effect on operational towage standards.     

基于CFD的半潜式钻井服务支持平台拖航阻力数值分析

通过分离涡模拟法（detached eddy simulation,DES）对半潜式钻井服务支持平台拖航阻力进行了研究,重点对平台拖航阻力、阻力系数和平台表面附近流场分布等特性进行了研究。研究表明：流方向下平台各结构所受阻力各不相同,下浮体占据总阻力比最大（尤其是90°来流方向下）。阻力系数及升力系数时历曲线变化具有“脉动性”。通过平台表面附近流场分布可以分析涡形成及受力原因,逆方向流及涡之间相互作用使得阻力有所减小。     

基于波浪谱的三维随机波浪数值模拟及仿真

为了进行三维随机波浪的模拟,本文将随机波浪看成多个不同余弦波的叠加,建立基于PiersonMoscowitz谱和简单方向分布函数的三维随机波浪谱数学模型。通过等分能量法、线性同余法等方法划分频率、方向角和相位角,完成波面方程的离散,最后运用Matlab软件实现三维随机波浪的仿真和波面的显示。通过仿真波高与参考波高的对比,证明本方法能够有效模拟三维随机波浪。     

Assimilation of SeaWiFS ocean chlorophyll data into a three-dimensional global ocean model

Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) chlorophyll data were assimilated with an established three-dimensional global ocean model. The assimilation improved estimates of chlorophyll relative to a free-run (no assimilation) model. Compared to SeaWiFS, annual bias of the assimilation model was 5.5%, with an uncertainty of 10.1%. The free-run model had a bias of 21.0% and an uncertainty of 65.3%. In situ data were compared to the assimilation model over a 6-year time period from 1998 through 2003, indicating a bias of 0.1%, and an uncertainty of 33.4% for daily coincident, co-located data. SeaWiFS bias was slightly higher at − 1.3% and nearly identical uncertainty at 32.7%. The free-run bias and uncertainty at − 1.4% and 61.8%, respectively, indicated how much the assimilation improved model results. Annual primary production estimates for the 1998–2003 period produced a nearly 50% improvement by the assimilation model over the free-run model as compared to a widely used algorithm using SeaWiFS chlorophyll data. These results suggest the potential of assimilation of satellite ocean chlorophyll data for improving model results.     

The role of US ocean Ports in promoting an efficient ocean transportation system

This paper investigates wheather the actions of US ocean ports (since the passage of the Shipping Act of 1984) are supportive of the promotion of an efficient transportation system for US ocean commerce. In the short run, US ocean ports have generally been supportive of this efficiency goal;competiton among US ocean ports has has increased as is evident by the significant reduction that has occurred in port natural hinterlands. In the long run, port sunk costs, consolidations and cooperative activities, and long-term leases with ocean carriers are likely to be non-supportive of the efficiency goal.     

远洋船舶防海盗实务

无论从安全还是经济角度讲,世界反海盗的形势都非常严峻。从海盗常见的袭击方式入手,针对集装箱船、散杂货船、油船、小型船舶的特点,分别提出防御海盗的对策,建议船舶应坚持"以防为主""拒海盗于船舷以外"的方针。     

小水线面双体型远洋调查作业船设计

小水线面双体型科学调查作业船因其优良性能而深受人们青睐,又因其设计难度大且前期研究工作投入多而使船舶设计人员望而却步。该文以某型小水线面双体远洋调查作业船的设计为例,简述了设计中应重点关注的要点(即线型设计、质量控制、电力推进、低噪声螺旋桨设计等),可供同类型船舶设计参考应用。