Expanding transmission capacity of can systems using dual communication channels with kalman prediction

The controller area network (CAN) protocol is widely used for in-vehicle network (IVN) systems, and many automotive companies also use the CAN in chassis network systems. However, the increasing number of electronic control units (ECUs) dictated by the need for more intelligent and fuel-efficient functions requires an IVN system with a greater transmission capacity and less network delay. Automotive companies have tried several approaches such as segmenting CAN systems and developing time-triggered protocols. This paper presents a practical method for increasing the transmission capacity and reducing the network delay in CAN systems using dual communication channels with a traffic-balancing algorithm based on Kalman prediction to forecast the traffic on each channel and allocate frames to the one that is most appropriate. An experimental testbed using commercial microcontrollers with two or more CAN protocol controllers was used to demonstrate the feasibility of the Kalman traffic-balancing algorithm. Experimental results show that the traffic-balancing CAN system with Kalman prediction reduced the transmission delay of all priority messages compared to that of a simple method, such as a channel-switching CAN, without sacrificing the performance for high-priority messages.     

Node-based scheduling method for easy migration from CAN to FlexRay in in-vehicle networking systems

As vehicles become more intelligent, in-vehicle networking (IVN) systems such as controller area network (CAN) are essential for the convenience and safety of drivers. To expand the applicability of IVN systems, attention is currently being focused on chassis networking systems that require increased network capacity and real-time capabilities. FlexRay was developed to replace CAN protocol in chassis networking systems, to remedy the shortage of transmission capacity and unsatisfactory real-time transmission delay of conventional CAN. However, FlexRay network systems require a complex scheduling method, which is a barrier to their implementation as chassis networking systems. In particular, if we want to migrate from a CAN network to a FlexRay network using the well-defined CAN message database, which has been specifically constructed for chassis networking systems by automotive vendors, a new type of scheduling method is necessary to reduce scheduling efforts during the software development process. This paper presents a node-based scheduling method for easy migration from a CAN network to a FlexRay network system. To demonstrate the feasibility of the technique, its performance is evaluated in terms of various software complexity indices.     

车载网络安全的系统设计研究及关键技术开发

本文介绍了车载网络安全的系统设计研究及关键技术开发,以应对黑客通过网联攻击车辆,建立智能网联汽车车内网络信息安全交互模型;分析“外部网络环境”与“车内ECU群体”之间进行“信息资源”交互过程中的安全风险,研究其对车内网络信息安全的破坏机理;利用基于密码学理论研究车内网络安全通信协议的设计方法,解决车内网络在智能网联汽车环境下面临的信息安全问题。     

车用光纤CAN通讯网络研究

介绍以双绞线为传输介质的控制器局域网(CAN)的工作特点及不足。为实现燃料电池电动汽车各ECU之间的控制和信息交换,组建了以塑料光纤(POF)为传输介质的光纤CAN网络。使用有源星型耦合器,提出了双星拓扑结构的光纤CAN(Fiber-CAN)总线网络设计方案。针对两个有源星型耦合器之间互连后产生的信号阻塞设计了专用的消除阻塞的接口电路。还介绍该光纤CAN网络光纤和光收发模块的选用。     

典型车载网络总线技术特点、应用和展望

随着汽车舒适性和智能程度的提高,越来越多的电子控制单元被添加到车辆架构中。汽车总线技术是电子控制单元实现高级功能的基础。本文分别介绍了现有车载网络中典型总线技术的原理、特点和车上应用场景,总结了现有总线技术存在的问题,分析了未来车载网络的发展趋势。     

电动汽车示范运行无线远程监控管理系统的开发研究

电动汽车示范运行服务中心远程监控管理系统基于GPRS网络和Internet网,通过具有CAN接口和GPRS接口的车载智能信息单元,采用无线远程数据传送方式,实现对多辆电动汽车的监控、标定和定位,由此实现故障分析与处理、在线标定与优化、数据记录与分析、电子地图跟踪等功能。为示范运行提供了有效、方便、快捷而且又经济的管理手段。     

基于传感器网络的智能交通系统架构及关键技术

针对传感器网络应用于智能交通系统的关键技术,深入研究准确测量车长和车速的磁敏车辆检测算法、基于节点比特能量消耗和工作模式切换优化的低功耗设计方法、具有可靠性保障的网络拓扑和网络协议设计以及简单有效的时间同步方法,并提出智能交通传感器网络系统架构和关键技术。通过工程实际应用．测试验证了关键技术的有效性和系统架构的可行性。     

一种适用不同通信方式基于XCP协议的ECU标定工具的开发

针对汽车ECU的多样性,设计了基于XCP协议的集成多种通信方式的标定平台.开发了主、从节点的XCP驱动程序.在相同的协议层下,构建了基于CAN总线和串口的两种传输层结构,使标定系统同时适用于两种不同的通信方式,并对系统的实时性进行了测试和分析.具体的应用实例说明了该系统使用方便,工作灵活,为车载ECU的高效开发提供了有效工具.     

智能网联车辆交通信息处理技术与信号控制方法研究

随着科学技术的不断加强,智能网联车辆的数量也在不断增加,在智能交通系统发展中,车联网发挥了重要作用,人们对于车联网的研究也越来越多和越来越深入,为了能够使车联网更好的普及,应该加强对智能网联车辆交通信息技术和信号控制的研究.本文基于目前车联网发展现状对智能网联车辆信息处理技术和信号控制的方法进行探讨研究,以供参考.     

Mixed Harmonic Runnable Scheduling for Automotive Software on Multi-Core Processors

The performance of automotive electronic control units (ECUs) has improved following the development of multi-core processors. These processors facilitate fast computing performance without increasing clock speed. System developers partition automotive application runnables to have parallelizability and avoid interference between various software modules. To improve the performance of such systems, an efficient scheduler is necessary. In this regard, for multi-core ECUs, the automotive open system architecture (AUTOSAR) suggests partitioned static priority scheduling for parallelized software. In the AUTOSAR approach, clustering and partitioning of runnables for specific cores becomes difficult, but there is no exact criterion followed for partitioning the runnables. Consequently, cores are not balanced against loads, and under contingency conditions, there is a chance that tasks will miss deadlines. In this study, we address this problem by exploring a mixed harmonic runnable scheduling algorithm that includes partitioned scheduling. We tested this algorithm using high load conditions under contingency consequences, and we evaluated it using models of periodic runnables, periodic interrupts, and event-triggered interrupts. The performance parameters considered in this paper are balancing performance and the deadline missing rate. Our results indicate that the proposed algorithm can contribute toward improving the functional safety of vehicles.     

Review of Secure Communication Approaches for In-Vehicle Network

In the connected vehicles, connecting interfaces bring threats to the vehicles and they can be hacked to impact the vehicles and drivers. Compared with traditional vehicles, connected vehicles require more information transfer. Sensor signals and critical data must be protected to ensure the cyber security of connected vehicles. The communications among ECUs, sensors, and gateways are connected by in-vehicle networks. This paper discussed the state-of-art techniques about secure communication for in-vehicle networks. First, the related concepts in automotive secure communication have been provided. Then we have compared and contrasted existing approaches for secure communication. We have analyzed the advantages/disadvantages of MAC and digital signatures for message authentication and compared the performance and limitations of different cryptographic algorithms. Firewall and intrusion detection system are introduced to protect the networks. The constraints and features of different intrusion detection approaches are presented. After that, the technical requirements for cryptographic mechanism and intrusion detection policy are concluded. Based on the review of current researches, the future development directions of the automotive network security have been discussed. The purpose of this paper is to review current techniques on automotive secure communication and suggest suitable secure approaches to implement on the in-vehicle networks.     

Improving multi-channel wave-based V2X communication to support advanced driver assistance system (ADAS)

The advent of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication has opened the opportunity to design advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) that collect information from sensors in neighboring vehicles and roadside infrastructure. IEEE and ETSI have designed network protocol standards for V2X communications. Despite the differences between the vehicular wireless communication architecture defined by ETSI and the IEEE protocol stack, the two standards have multichannel operations as a main commonality, with some channels dedicated to safety-critical applications and others to nonsafety services. Some recent studies have demonstrated that these standards might not provide sufficient channel utilization for reliable exchange of information in mid- and heavily congested scenarios. In this paper, we propose and evaluate the performance of a driver-assistance system to reduce the connectivity gaps between vehicles and roadside units (RSUs). This cooperative system of multi-service channel allocation will improve radio channel utilization. We also show that the required latency for this inter-vehicle communication can be obtained using the IEEE-WAVE standards and dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) proposed for vehicular environments. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can improve the average throughput by up to 15 % in various traffic density conditions compared with the dynamic channel allocation method.     

无人驾驶环境下考虑OD结构的路网容量模型（双语出版）

为了研究未来无人驾驶车辆对路网容量的影响，揭示无人驾驶车辆与普通车辆的相互影响特性，假设无人驾驶车辆遵循系统最优路径，普通车辆遵循用户最优路径，构建了无人驾驶环境下的道路网络储备容量模型。上层模型为满足路段容量约束条件下的最大交通需求，各OD之间的交通需求采用不同的增长乘子；下层模型为两类用户的混合路径选择行为模型，无人驾驶车辆以系统总阻抗最小为目标，而普通车辆以个人出行成本最小为目标。采用多种群遗传算法进行求解，并通过算例验证了模型和算法的有效性和可行性，得到非统一增长乘子下的路网容量，比较了统一增长乘子与非统一增长乘子的异同之处。研究结果表明：①两种计算结果所得到的道路网络容量增长趋势类似，但是非统一增长乘子计算结果大于统一增长乘子计算结果，当无人驾驶车辆市场渗透率达到一定比例时，二者计算结果的差异随着市场渗透率的增加而逐渐减小；②不同OD对的增长乘子不一定相同，无人驾驶车辆的加入可以优化不同地区的OD需求分布，从而提升整个道路网络的容量；③非统一乘子的计算方法可以有效避免不同OD对的干扰作用，提高部分OD对在低市场渗透率下的路径利用率，路段流量分布更加均衡；④当无人驾驶市场渗透率达到较高的比例时，道路网络容量可增加的幅度较小。     

汽车电器低速网络控制系统的研制

按照区域自治原则，将汽车电器划分为十个子区，每个子区拥有一个ECU。所有ECU经双绞线联接成网络，从而构成了汽车电器低速网络系统。对这一系统拓扑形式、通讯协议、系统控制等进行了较为深入的探讨。     

基于CAN—LIN总线汽车车身电控系统仿真分析

基于CAN总线的汽车网络越来越多的运用在现代汽车中,它可以实现线束的减少和数据资源的共享。而基于CAN—LIN总线的汽车网络还在开发当中,为了减少开发成本,节约资源,采用CANalyzer软件对汽车车身电控系统进行仿真分析。分析数据得出平均延迟时间和数据传输速度对网络负载的影响,并同时得到监控网络负载和延迟时间的情况。     

典型车联网基本安全消息机制分析

车联网基本安全消息的生成和传播是影响车联网安全应用及智能网联汽车有效性、可靠性的关键因素.在分析车联网基本安全消息基本定义的基础上,对国内外当前LTE-V2X、车载环境下的无线接入(Wireless Access in the Vehicular Environment,WAVE)等多种典型的车联网通信协议体系结构框架...     

总线技术在汽车ASM尾气检测系统中的应用

将CAN总线技术应用于汽车ASM工况法的尾气检测系统中,构建了系统框架,选配了硬件设备,制定了系统协议,研究了智能协议转换器的配置方法。根据CAN总线的特点和稳态加载工况测量方法,进行了系统软件设计。实验结果表明：将CAN总线技术应用于汽车ASM尾气检测系统中,能够保证测试数据传输准确,减少外界干扰并提升检测效率。     

柴油机电控技术综合研究

对柴油机电控技术进行了比较全面的探讨，重点讨论了柴油机电控技术的研究思路和模块化开发各类电控单元的软硬件技术，提出了基于CAN总线的多电控单元同时优化的电控柴油机集成开发环境建设，为全面优化和监控柴油机的综合性能奠定了基础。最后给出了这些技术在电控VE泵开发和高压共轨电控喷油系统中的应用实例及结果。     

CAN局域网及J1939协议在货车和客车上的运用

叙述了CAN总线网络的特点及J1939协议的原理、内容及协议的应用。并设计最小节点实现应用J1939协议的CAN局域网的数据通信功能。     

交通网络中动态OD矩阵估计模型研究

动态起点-迄点（OD）矩阵为智能交通系统提供所需的基础数据。为了提高交通网络中动态OD矩阵估计的精度,在最小化路段实际交通量和分配交通量之间差值以及最小化历史OD矩阵和待估计OD矩阵之间差值的基础上,将浮动车采集信息融合到OD矩阵估计过程中;在动态网络加载过程中,OD矩阵估计值如果大于加载车辆数会使网络中的定点问题求解发散。为了避免该情况的发生,基于广义最小二乘模型并引入容量约束,提出1种带不等式约束的动态OD矩阵估计方法。仿真实验表明,该方法对于OD矩阵估计的精度较好,优于带滑动窗的广义最小二乘算法。