北京市公共汽车平均车速统计分析

通过对北京市多条公共交通路线公共汽车行驶车速的实测和统计，分析了公共汽车平均车速的影响因素，研究了平均车速的三种统计计算方法，确立加权平均车速法为最佳统计计算方法。对北京市公共汽车平均车速的在不同类型道路上分布的情况和统计分布规律进行了总结，提出北京市公共汽车平均车速分布遵循对数正态概率分布规律。为公共汽车及今后电动公共汽车车辆选型，运营方式确定及运营成本分析提供了科学依据。     

基于库兹涅茨曲线的城市经济增长与交通发展相关性分析

城市经济增长和交通发展有着十分密切的联系,通过对我国城市人均GDP与每万人拥有公共汽车和人均道路面积的回归分析,运用库兹涅茨曲线对其中的规律和城市交通发展的趋势进行预测,对城市经济增长和交通的协同性进行诠释。     

大容量客车疏散路径模型选择

基于我国城市家庭小汽车普及率低的现状,构建停车场、车站以及避难所三者组成的疏散网络。以车辆总疏散行程时间最小为目标,建立以公共交通工具（客车）作为主要工具的紧急疏散路径优化模型,并设计基于最小费用、最大流的求解算法。通过算例说明模型和算法的有效性和可行性,并得到在给定的疏散路网方案情况下,停车场现存车数、车站所需车辆数以及避难所容车数的变化,会引起所有客车最短径路选择变化的结论。     

基于现代城市建筑风格下的城市公交车的创新设计研究

在21世纪,人类的城市建筑史正在进入一个急剧发展变革的时期,信息革命正在改变建筑的功能意义,日益成熟的新型材料赋予建筑更加轻盈,明快的形式,正像工业化审美精神为主流的时代精神决定了现代建筑一样,城市公交车设计在当代城市建筑特征的影响下产生了新的审美需求。城市公交车的发展已经关系和影响到我们未来城市交通的发展方向。本文在综合前人研究的基础之上,通过对城市建筑特征及其发展方向研究相结合的方法,分析了现代城市建筑特征对城市公交车设计的影响,结合中国现代建筑发展自身情况对其公交车设计提出整改建议。     

A review of studies on service quality of intermediate public transport

Intermediate public transport (IPT) or paratransit is an indispensable part of the transportation system in low and middle-income countries. This paper presents the state-of-the-art research advances in the domain of paratransit service quality evaluation through the use of systematic bibliographic analysis. The annual production rate of publication in this sector is 17.88%, which indicates the growing intensity of research activity in this subject and thus justifies the need to perform a thorough review of available literature. This holistic approach is aimed at providing comprehensive information on paratransit research areas, the citation networks, along with the contribution of different countries. All pertinent research studies published in Scopus until 2021 are analyzed to acquire research status in this domain. For the extraction of valuable knowledge from the archives of large-scale literature, the co-occurrence and the co-citation networks of concurrence are constructed. Visualizing the bibliographic network gives a clear understanding of the extent of the literature available, areas of expertise, and research trends. The comprehensive analysis of the shortlisted documents led to the identification of various sub-sectors of the research field, types of paratransit vehicles, and research methodologies adopted by different scholars to evaluate service quality. The research gap thus identified is that despite acknowledging the importance of IPT and its vital role in many developing countries, very few research studies have been conducted to evaluate its service quality. The significant findings through an in-depth review provide ways for the scope of future work.     

轨道交通与常规公交交互胁迫关系验证分析

为了揭示城市轨道交通与常规公交之间的交互胁迫的演化特点, 通过借鉴城市化水平与生态环境之间的交互胁迫理论, 构建轨道交通与常规公交交互胁迫模型, 以我国2009年之前开通运营城市轨道交通的10个城市为样本, 基于轨道交通与常规公交之间的客运总量、线路长度及运营车辆3个维度的历史演化规律分析基础上, 验证轨道交通与常规公交之间交互胁迫关系, 进而对不同城市轨道交通与常规公交演化特点进行分类分析。研究结果表明: ①城市轨道交通与常规公交之间存在交互胁迫关系, 演变轨迹符合双指数曲线。②不同城市的轨道交通与常规公交在3个维度的演变轨迹上存在不均衡性, 客运总量的拐点出现早于运营线路长度和运营车辆数。③根据拐点的出现情况, 将10个城市分为5类, 其中, 重庆的轨道交通与常规公交在客运总量、线路长度及运营车辆3个维度的拐点出现均较晚, 表明重庆的公交发展模式较为协调, 常规公交在轨道交通的胁迫下仍然保持了一定的竞争力。      

Understanding the socioeconomic characteristics of paratransit drivers and their perceptions toward electric three-wheeled rickshaws in Delhi,India

In India, electric rickshaws (ERs) prove to be a sustainable and affordable paratransit mode for the public. The ER service is also creating employment and income opportunities for the unskilled labor force. Many Indian state governments are proposing ER services to cater to first and last-mile trips. Therefore, planners must identify the significant factors that can affect ER services' adoption and expansion. Because of this, the present study investigates the perceptions of drivers of three prominent paratransit modes toward ERs. The research also provides a better understanding of the socio-economic conditions of these paratransit drivers. The study utilizes data of 620 paratransit drivers obtained from a face-to-face survey conducted in Delhi, India. Grey relation analysis is applied to assess the three paratransit driver groups' perceptions about ERs. The data reveals that paratransit drivers belong mostly to low financial and educational backgrounds. Male drivers constitute many paratransit drivers in the city. The lack of facilities such as designated parking and fixed charging stations and fare regulation is perceived as critical ER services barriers. Similarly, the absence of separate lanes and unsafe overtaking attempts by fast-moving vehicles are the major causes of accidents involving ERs. Further, the light body of ERs and careless driving and traffic rule violations of drivers in mixed traffic conditions are the primary safety issues. The study also highlights potential policy recommendations to design an efficient electric version of the paratransit service for achieving sustainable development goals.     

Safety of child passengers who ride to school on a motorcycle: An observational study in two Argentine cities

In low- and middle-income countries, the motorcycle has increasingly become a means of family transportation due to its low cost and the poor quality of public transportation. Consequently, many child motorcycle passengers are at an elevated risk of serious injury in the event of a traffic crash. The available research on child safety devices is scarce and focused mainly on helmet use, while other devices (e.g. high-visibility clothing) have received little attention. This observational study documented the safety conditions and related factors of primary schoolchildren who rode to school as motorcycle passengers in two cities of Argentina.Data was obtained in the vicinity of 27 public primary schools in two cities of Argentina (one mid-sized city and the other a small city by the country's standards) between May 2018 and September 2019. A total of 1440 motorcycle occupants (656 drivers and 784 child passengers) were observed.The use of an adequate helmet was lower among children (vs. drivers). Most of the children were unable to reach the motorcycle's footrests, did not use high-visibility clothing or a fastening device, carried a backpack, and mounted and dismounted the motorcycle in an unsafe place. Some children rode in front of the driver or in a motorcycle with three or four occupants. Use of helmet by drivers and driver sex (woman) were related with an increase in safety in children. The indicators were worse in the larger city.The results revealed a low level of adoption of safety measures in children as well as in adults in both cities. This suggests that motorcycle travel is unsafe. Greater effort is needed to improve motorcycle safety, especially for children. It is important to debate regulatory details such as a minimum age for passengers, a limit on the number of passengers, and other safety criteria. It is also important to conduct educational campaigns that include the distribution of safety devices.     

大城市社区巴士的公共交通新选择

分析大城市的公共交通需求,提出城市公交采用社区巴士的新模式和社区巴士的车型方案。     

Exploring paratransit service quality based on low-income women's perception: A case study in Dhaka city by structural equation model (SEM)

In developing countries paratransit plays a vital role as a public transport mode since mass transit system is inadequate. This research investigates low-income working womens satisfaction level on various service features of paratransit modes based on their experience. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was employed to capture low-income working women's perceptions of paratransit service quality (SQ) in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Achieving the study objective, a questionnaire survey was conducted on existing paratransit routes from Kamrangichor and Jhauchor slum areas where no bus service is available. Total 410 regular paratransit users who usually use this mode getting to and from workplace participated in the survey during July 2018. To evaluate the paratransit SQ the passengers were asked to rate their perception about 22 service attributes on a likert scale of five points. A series of SEMs were developed to explore the relationship of service features for the overall paratransit SQ. Among the five models the best one is selected by different goodness-of-fit values (CFI = 0.82, TLI = 0.79, RMSEA = 0.12, SRMR = 0.059, AIC = 18,666.94). Model 5 is the best structure developed with four latent variables: ‘Service feature’, ‘System performance’, ‘Safety and security’ and ‘Reliability’ This research explores that ‘Security of goods’, ‘Security of passengers’, ‘Movement flexibility in any road’, ‘Travel expenditure compared to other transport’, and ‘Quality of driver’ are 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th most significant variables that impact on the SQ positively, which represents the real scenario. The outcomes of this research might assist operators and policymakers in formulating policies to enhance urban paratransit SQ.     

基于因子分析法的公路运输绩效评价研究

公路运输是国民经济的基础产业,提高公路运输绩效是发展国民经济的根本途径。在构建公路运输绩效评价指标体系的基础上,利用2003年的调研统计资料,用因子分析法对全国各省市的公路运输系统绩效进行综合评价,指出影响道路运输系统绩效的主要因素,将各省的公路运输系统绩效进行比较,探索影响排名的因素,明确提高公路运输绩效的方向。     

国产在用客车高速行驶时存在的主要问题及对策

在对我国高速公路客车运输行驶状况进行大量统计与调研的基础上,分析了国产在用客车高速行驶时所存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的对策。统计结果表明,目前我国全封闭式高速公路的运输能力还未能得到充分发挥,其主要原因是国产在用客车动力性、行驶稳定性、高速制动性等性能较差,建议高速公路用客车的设计,应充分考虑其使用特点及主动安全性要求。     

宁波市常规公交运行特征分析

常规公交作为一体化城市公共交通体系的重要一环,其运行特征是影响乘客出行方式选择以及公交服务质量的重要因素,研究公交运行特征对于进一步增强公共交通的吸引力,提升公共交通服务质量、缓解交通拥堵等方面具有着重要作用。因此,基于公交GPS数据,对宁波市常规公交运行特征进行了分析,研究结果和建议为提升宁波市常规公交运行效率提供了有益参考。     

COVID-19在公交网络传播模型及防疫策略有效性分析

城市公交系统是空气传播型病毒进行人际传播的重要潜在空间，研究病毒在公交系统中的传播，能精确的指导公交防疫策略的制定。基于双层公交网络模型，耦合出行规则和SEIR模型建立了公交网络传播模型，以某虚拟的区域空间和公交线网为背景，根据双层网络模型的特点，分析了公交车上及公交站点病毒传播的过程，制定宏观和微观2种防疫策略并分析效果。研究发现，公交出行会导致病毒大范围传播，公交车上和公交站点是最重要的传播环节。对公交防疫策略效果的分析中，宏观控制策略的切断公交线路比例φ₁ >0.5或者停运公交站点比例 φ₂ >0.4时，最终免疫人群比例会下降至0.3以下。微观调节策略则需要同时调整发车间隔 t_d < 4且满载率α < 50%，则最终免疫人群比例小于0.4，防控效果最显著。      

Cycling in sub-Saharan African cities: Differences and similarities with developed world cities

Cycling is a vital transport mode for many of the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) cities given the limited transport options that exist. Despite its enormous commuting importance in SSA cities, little scientific research has attempted to identify key factors influencing cycling adoption, and most existing cycling promotional initiatives are often not contextualised to the African cities. To underpin appropriate incentives to promote bicycle commuting, this study conducts a literature review to identify key determinants of bicycle use in SSA cities. Moreover, it identifies key differences and similarities with cycling studies from the developed world cities (DWC). A survey of relevant literature was conducted through the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Google scholar. This allowed gathering 61 relevant empirical study materials that helped to identify main factors influencing cycling in both SSA and DWC urban contexts, based on the socio-economic, built-environment, weather conditions and environmental and attitudinal factors. The results found that the vast list of factors influencing cycling, such as gender, education level, income, street signage, road encroachment, weather change, travel distance, the opportunity for flexible jobs and image prestige present a deep difference between studies in the two urban contexts. Street lighting, rain and tree cover present more consensual understanding among researchers in both urban contexts. This study reinforces that knowledge on cycling and its promotional initiatives should not be generalized, but rather be focused on the contextual setting of a particular city. In review of the past studies the limitation observed is that some specific characteristics of cycling in SSA cities such as the use of bicycle for commercial purpose is not covered in most cycling literature from the DWC. Given the observed contextual differences between cities from SSA and DWC, the study suggests the need for further research in quantifying and comparing the strength of the similarities and differences in cycling behaviour influences.     

考虑出行群组异质性的有轨电车发展决策行为偏好研究

将有轨电车发展的研讨视为1项决策过程,按照基本属性、出行目的、出行模式等异质性特征,将出行群体划分为不同群组,开展基于不同异质性群组对发展有轨电车决策的偏好特性研究.通过融合行为偏好(RP)的意向偏好(SP)问卷调查,获取不同群组的基本属性及决策偏好特征数据.考虑有轨电车发展决策同时受环境要素、个体社会经济属性及出行需...     

超高层建筑停车配建指标计算方法研究——以西安市为例

合理的超高层建筑停车配建指标对解决大城市停车问题具有重要作用。基于公共交通服务能力,提出了超高层建筑的核心影响区范围。总结国内已建成的超高层建筑需求特征,结合均衡论统筹考虑超高层建筑的内外环境。认为外环境中的公共交通可达性水平、公共服务能力;内环境中的超高层建筑面积、停车共享效用指数为主要影响因素。根据影响因素,标准化研究超高层建筑停车配建指标的折减系数。提出逐步折减已有城市普通建筑停车配建标准的计算方法,并在其核心影响区范围内验算既有公共交通服务能力约束下的指标折减合理性。以西安市某超高层建设项目为例,计算得到停车配建指标0.45位/100 m2,与规范要求的配建停车位相比,停车位数量大幅度减少。从中心区可用于停车设施资源建设的有限性、停车需求政策调控性、国内主要一线城市配建指标的对比分析等方面,验证了计算结果的合理性。      

中小城市和城镇公交车解决方案

分析中小城市和城镇公交需求,并针对此种需求提出公交客车底盘的解决方案。     

Bus travel time modelling using GPS probe and smart card data: A probabilistic approach considering link travel time and station dwell time

Abstract

Path travel time estimation for buses is critical to public transit operation and passenger information system. State-of-the-art methods for estimating path travel time are usually focused on single vehicle with a limited number of road segments, thereby neglecting the interaction among multiple buses, boarding behavior, and traffic flow. This study models path travel time for buses considering link travel time and station dwell time. First, we fit link travel time to shifted lognormal distributions as in previous studies. Then, we propose a probabilistic model to capture interactions among buses in the bus bay as a first-in-first-out queue, with every bus sharing the same set of behaviors: queuing to enter the bus bay, loading/unloading passengers, and merging into traffic flow on the main road. Finally, path travel time distribution is estimated by statistically summarizing link travel time distributions and station dwell time distributions. The path travel time of a bus line in Hangzhou is analyzed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Results show that the model-based estimated path travel time distribution resembles the observed distribution well. Based on the calculation of path travel time, link travel time reliability is identified as the main factor affecting path travel time reliability.     

不同城市规模的公共交通出行比例预测方法研究

从宏观和微观2个层面深入分析了公共交通出行比例影响因素,并根据国内外城市规模的划分标准,选取主要影响因素和不同规模的国内外典型城市,运用统计分析法确定了不同规模城市的公共交通出行比例模型。最后以中山市为例,运用上述方法,建立了适用的公共交通出行比例预测模型,并给出公共交通出行比例建议值。