A semi-fragile wavelet transform watermarking scheme for content authentication of images

A novel semi-fragile watermarking scheme for the content authentication of images using wavelet transform (WT) is presented in this paper. It is tolerant to the embedded wavelet image compression methods based on WT such as embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW), set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) and embedded block coding with optimized truncation (EBCOT) in JPEG2000 to a pre-determined bit-plane, but is sensitive to all other malicious attacks. The image features are generated from the lowest-frequency (LF) subband of the original image as the embedded watermark. The watermark is embedded into the pre-determined bit-plane by adjusting the corresponding values in the given subband. In the process of watermarking authentication, we compare the image features generated from the LF subband of the received image with the embedded watermarking information (the image features of the original image) extracted from the pre-determined bit-plane in the given subband of the received image to decide whether the image is attacked maliciously or processed acceptably (the embedded wavelet compression). The most important advantage of our watermarking scheme is that the watermark information can be extracted from the watermarked image when detecting watermark, so the received image authentication needs no information about the original image or watermark. Experimental results prove the effectiveness of our proposed watermarking scheme.     

能区分图像内容或水印篡改的自恢复脆弱水印

分析了现有算法的缺陷,提出了一种能有效区分图像内容或水印篡改的自恢复安全脆弱水印算法.该方案利用检测水印实现篡改定位和篡改区分的功能,采用恢复水印恢复被篡改的图像内容.理论分析和实验仿真均表明,所提出的算法具有很好的篡改区分、篡改定位和篡改恢复的能力,能够抵抗同步伪造攻击和密钥分析攻击.     

Novel Blind Robust Watermarking Based on Chaotic Mixing

This paper proposed a novel blind robust watermarking scheme. Multi-bits watermark is embedded in the chaotic mixed image blocks. Energy of the watermark is spread to all region of the blocks instead of some individual pixels, which entitles the watermark with imperceptibility and high robustness. A class of 1-D Markov chaotic maps is employed to perform image block mixing and watermark encryption ensures security of the system.To prove the validity of this proposed scheme, some objective comparisons with the popular spread spectrum scheme were also presented. The simulation results show that this scheme can survive processing such as high-ratio JPEG compression, Gaussian noise pollution and histogram equalization.     

一种基于小波域的盲数字水印算法

提出了一种基于小波系数分段的数字水印算法,该算法对常见的图像处理具有一定强度的鲁棒性,并且该算法实现了完全盲检测,水印提取时不需要原始的载体图像,也不需要水印的任何信息,并且提取水印的正确性高.     

Active approach for tamper detection with robustness to lossy compression

Active tamper detection using watermarking technique can localize the tampered area and recover the lost information. In this paper, we propose an approach that the watermark is robust to legitimate lossy compression, fragile to malicious tampering and capable of recovery. We embed the watermark bits in the direct current value of energy concentration transform domain coefficients. Let the original watermark bits be content dependent and apply error correction coding to them before embedded to the image. While indicating the tampered area, the extracted bits from a suspicious image can be further decoded and then used to roughly recover the corresponding area. We also theoretically study the image quality and bit error rate. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

基于多特征描述的指横纹识别

提出一种基于多特征描述的指横纹识别方法.分别提取指横纹的主成分特征、Gabor相位特征和Gabor幅值特征构成识别系统,采用Fisher线性判决方法融合各自匹配分数,进一步提高系统性能.通过98个人、1 971幅图像的测试实验表明,本文方法在获得较高性能的同时（识别率为99.39%,平均错误率为0.56%）,单次匹配时间仅为0.67 ms,可以满足中等规模数据库实时识别要求.     

基于音频内容的DCT域脆弱水印算法

为了实现音频文件的完整性认证,提出了一种基于内容的脆弱水印算法.对于一维序列,改变其离散余弦变换(DCT)域交流系数不会改变该序列的幅值和.基于这一性质,在音频分帧后,再对每帧分组,计算每组采样点和的绝对值,相加后得到该帧的和,将其作为该帧音频的特征,量化后转换为二进制作为水印;然后,用量化索引调制方法,通过调整每组DCT域的低频系数嵌入水印.实验表明:该算法具有很好的不可感知性;得到的含水印音频的信噪比约为80 dB;算法对添加噪声、重量化、重采样、低通滤波、MP3压缩等操作具有很强的敏感性,并且能够确定替换等恶意篡改的位置.     

奇异值分解算法在数字水印技术中的应用

奇异值分解算法应用于数字水印技术中,把水印信息按位置换,对宿主图像分块并做奇异值分解,在奇异值域做数学变换以重复嵌入按位置换的二值水印信息．实验结果表明,该方法既提高了水印的信息量,同时又使得水印图像具有很强的稳健性,能抵抗旋转和裁剪等多种攻击,水印的保密性与鲁棒性均有显著的提高．     

Web Page Watermarking for Tamper-Proof

IntroductionTraditional solutions for the integrity protec-tion of web pages are based on the File Digest tech-niques, usually called Digital Signatures[1]. Suchmethods generate a signature through Hash func-tions with the to-be-protected information as theinput and then attach it to the end of the originalinformation to form the signed message. When thesigned message arrives at the receiver, the correctsignature can ensure its integrity; in other words,no signature or a false one means that…     

一种基于数字水印的二维条码防伪的方法

针对现有PDF417条码的数字水印嵌入和检测算法比较复杂、水印的嵌入强度不好控制以及对条码打印机和扫描仪的精度要求比较高等问题,提出了一种在PDF417条码的合适边缘嵌入盲水印信息的方法,将二维条码和数字水印技术相结合以提高PDF417二维条码的安全性和保密性.     

A New Approach to Evidence Combination and Its Application to Targets Recognition in Image Sequence

The classical Dempster's combination rule is the most popular rule of combinations,but it is a poor solution for the management of the evidence conflict at the normalization step.When deal with high conflict information it can even involve counter-intuitive results.Based on evidence distance,some inherent characters of evidences are extracted,and discount method to combine conflicting evidence was proposed.The discount method can be also used to fuse image sequences to recognize targets.Examples show that the proposed method can provide reasonable results with good convergence efficiency.     

Connectivity-Based Watermarking Robust to Geometrical Attacks

Introduction Thegoalofdigitalwatermarkingtechniqueisto embedsomeunnoticeableinformation(calleda mark)inthecontentofmediainordertoprotect copyrightorauthenticateintegralityandverity.Many robustwatermarkingtechniqueshavesuccessfullyre sistednotonlycommonsig…     

一种基于Arnold混沌映射的数字水印技术研究

数字水印技术作为版权保护的重要手段,已得到广泛地研究和应用．提出了一种基于Arnold混沌映射的数字水印技术和水印信息置乱效果评价方法,用Arnold变换对原始水印信号进行置乱,再经过M序列扩频,将处理后水印信号嵌入宿主图片小波域的低频系数中,通过对四组不同条件和嵌入方法的比较,通过实验证明该算法具有良好的稳健性．     

Binary Image Watermarking Algorithm Using Matrix of Complexity Index

A new watermarking algorithm of binary image is proposed.The complexity index of pixels is presented to reflect the change degree of pixels and to evaluate the modifiable degree of pixels.Firstly, in a small image block, the complexity index of"jumping-change"is calculated in vertical and horizontal direction.Secondly, the matrix of the complexity index is calculated by integrating the complexity index of pixels in two directions.Finally, the matrix of the complexity index is used to embed the watermark in binary images.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a good performance.     

基于水印序号的抗裁剪音频数字水印算法

提出一种基于水印序号的抗裁剪音频数字水印算法.该算法在音频信号中嵌入同步码、水印序号和二值水印图像,具有如下特点:利用同步技术,能有效对抗音频信号受到的随机裁剪攻击;水印序号的嵌入,能使检测到的水印信息自动定位在图像上.仿真实验表明,该算法在抵抗加性噪声和裁剪攻击等方面达到了较高的鲁棒性.     

Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima-Based Robust Digital Image Watermarking in Wavelet Domain

A new robust watermarking approach was proposed in 2D continuous wavelet domain (CWT).The watermark is embedded into the large coefficients in the middle band of wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) of the host image.After possible attacks,the watermark is then detected and extracted by correlation analysis.Compared with other wavelet domain watermarking approaches,the WTMM approach can endow the image with both rotation and shift invariant properties.On the other hand,scale invariance is achieved with the geometric normalization during watermark detection.Case studies involve various attacks such as shifting,lossy compression,scaling,rotation and median filtering on the watermarked image,and the result shows that the approach is robust to these attacks.     

DWT-Based Robust Color Image Watermarking Scheme

A scheme of embedding an encrypted watermark into the green component of a color image is proposed. The embedding process is implemented in the discrete wavelet transformation （DWT） domain, The original binary watermark image is firstly encrypted through scrambling technique, and then spread with two orthogonal pseudo-random sequences whose mean values are equal to zero, and finally embedded into the DWT low frequency sub-band of green components, The coefficients whose energies are larger than the others are selected to hide watermark, and the hidden watermark strength is determined by the energy ratio between the selected coefficients energies and the mean energy of the subband. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed watermarking scheme is very robust against the attacks such as additive noise, low-pass filtering, scaling, cropping image, row （or column ） deleting, and }PEG compression.     

一体化网络中可证明安全的三方认证协议

为了有效地保证终端、接入交换路由器和认证中心的安全,本文提出了一体化网络中可证明安全的三方认证协议．该协议实现了终端和认证中心之间及接入交换路由器和认证中心之间的相互认证,不仅可以有效防止非授权终端接入网络,还可以防止伪造的认证中心和接入交换路由器对终端的欺骗．在BR扩展模型下,可证明该协议是安全的．通过性能分析得出,协议具有很高的效率．     

基于图像连通性的自适应水印同步方案

为提高水印的鲁棒性和安全性,提出了基于图像连通性的自适应水印同步方案.该方案根据图像的连通性得到连通对象,选取较大的连通对象的重心作为水印嵌入的参考点.利用图像的连通性具有拓扑不变性以及图像的重心比较稳定的特性保证水印检测的自适应同步.用作水印嵌入的参考点的高度稳定性,使得该方案不仅对常见图像处理时,而且对全局和局部几何攻击均呈现了较强的鲁棒性.     

一种基于整数小波变换的彩色图像盲水印技术

提出了一种在静止的彩色图像中嵌入盲水印的鲁棒算法,用彩色图像作为数字水印的载体,将有意义的二值图像作为水印图像,利用人类视觉系统(HVS)特性,综合考虑水印的鲁棒性和不可见性,将水印信息嵌入到小波分解的低频域(LLn),通过理论分析和实验结果证明:算法满足水印的抗JPEG压缩攻击、复杂度较低、实用性较强、对原图的影响较小,具有可行性和有效性等特点。