老龄船在中国沿海航行要点简析

中国沿海水域复杂，气象恶劣，对老龄船的危害很大。通过对中国沿海主要海区的航行分析，并结合实践经验，对老龄船在中国沿海航行时总结了航行要点，愿对同行有益。     

An analysis of the Brazilian ship financing system

The Brazilian ship financing system has some unique features. The funds made available to finance the construction and acquisition of ships are sourced from a tax on import and cabotage freight, payable by the shippers. For Brazilian flagged ships, a portion of the tax generated can be used for the payment of loan instalments. This paper analyses the impact of the tax on the economy as a whole, and discusses the distribution of the tax burden between the shipowner and the shipper, taking into account the maritime transport demand elasticities in Brazil. The paper also analyses the effectiveness of the financing system in reducing the capital cost to shipowner, and the distortion effects produced by the utilization of the tax in loan repayments. The conclusion is that there are important distortions that may threaten the recovery of the maritime industry in Brazil.     

土地储备制度的价值分析

土地储备制度是我国土地使用制度的创新制度.这一制度的创新之处就在于制度属性体现了市场经济的核心价值范畴效率与公平.作为目的,效率与公平是该制度所应追求的目标;作为手段,又是深化完善的手段,因此,以效率与公平为核心的价值分析就显得特别重要,同时这也是本文思路之所在.     

The Japan coastal ferry system

This paper provides analysis of the medium- and long-distance ferry sectors in Japan. Data has been obtained from semi-structured interviews with ferry operators, port authorities, government officials and from secondary sources. The Japanese ferry industry is assessed on the basis of a range of criteria, including routes and operators, traffic flows, vessels, ports and modal competition. Today, approximately one in every four trucks travelling over distances in excess of 100km in Japan are carried by ferry, and this notwithstanding the alternative of an expanding expressway system. There are clearly lessons here for other countries with long coastlines and congested highways. Many ferry operators in Japan are nevertheless unable to make a profit and clearly there will have to be action taken to secure the future of the industry in the face of high crew costs and competition from low-cost trucking. A potential future opportunity may exist for Japanese ferry lines to extend services to other parts of Asia. Given the success of the European ferry sector as a result of the Single European Market, and pending continued economic cooperation in Asia, potential for any expansion of ferry links between Japan and its near neighbours needs to be evaluated.     

测量系统的不确定度浅析

测量不确定度是说明测量水平的主要指标，是表示测量质量的重要依据。测量不确定度和测量误差两者之间既有区别又有联系。本文在三大汽车公司推出的测量系统评定的六个指标的理论基础上，将不确定度原理引入测量系统的分析，为科学地评价测量系统提供重要依据。     

The external cost of speed at sea: An analysis based on selected short sea shipping routes

According to the mid-term review of the EU White Paper on Transport, Short Sea Shipping (SSS) is expected to grow at a rate of 59% (metric tonnes) between 2000 and 2020. If we consider that the overall expected increase in both freight exchanges and volume is 50%, sea transport is one of the most feasible alternatives to reduce traffic congestion on European roads. Maritime transportation may compete with road transport as far as certain traffics are concerned, but only when assuming external costs. This paper analyzes several intermodal transport chains involving a sea leg by comparing the effect of pollutant emissions from different ship types and road transport in terms of potential external cost savings. The translation of these emissions into environmental costs shows, for certain conditions, savings in the case of sea transport that would justify the use of an environmental bonus to promote the sea option.     

利用雷达建立近岸海域溢油污染监测体系的探索

文章首先介绍了目前发达国家所采取的沿海溢油监测监视防范体系,分析了雷达数据在其监测监视体系中的地位和作用,然后介绍了我国在沿海溢油监测监视防范体系建设方面的现状,并分析了制约雷达数据在我国实际应用中存在的问题。利用Envisat的ASAR数据对发生在西班牙海域的溢油事件进行了半自动化的溢油油膜范围的提取,给出了处理结果,并对目前国外就雷达数据在其监视监测体系中的应用方法进行了介绍。根据国内外沿海溢油监测监视体系的现状对比和国内制约因素的分析,结合实例数据的分析处理结果,表明雷达数据在沿海溢油监测中具有突出优点,未来在我国近岸海域溢油监测体系中将得到较为广泛的应用。     

浅析智能避碰仿真系统中本船运动模型

在智能避碰仿真系统中,本船与目标船仿真系统是不可缺少的一部分。文章在一阶运动方程基础上建立了本船的仿真模型,并将船速的变化近似的表现为线性的,模型简单、实用。仿真结果表明,计算方法有效,具有通用性,特别适用于电算化,对船位推算和航迹计算具有一定的实用价值。     

浅析渤海水域实行船舶定线制的必要性

随着航运事业的进一步发展,大型高速船舶的通航密度越来越大,提高航行安全及保护海洋和生态环境的问题越来越受到世界各国的普遍关注。对于加强交通管理,规范船舶行为,避免交通事故,保护海洋生态环境的有效措施之一,就是实行船舶定线制。文章论证了渤海定线制的必要性。     

考虑响应时间的信息系统运维服务的动态定价研究

为了研究响应时间对信息系统运维服务定价的影响及不同响应时间下的最优定价,构建了纳什均衡理论模型,利用博弈论的方法,研究了在信息系统运维服务双寡头垄断市场中,且处于不完全信息下,两家信息系统运维服务提供商如何在不同的响应时间下进行其最佳定价行为选择,发现响应时间对信息系统运维服务提供商的影响明显,得出了最优价格和利润的计算模型,为信息系统运维服务提供商的定价提供了一定的参考依据。     

物联网在海岸信息系统方案中的应用

随着海洋开发及运输业的发展,通信技术及电子信息技术的海上船舶应用系统越来越多,如海上气象检测系统﹑船舶导航系统﹑船舶交通通信系统及目标跟踪系统等,如何对这些功能系统进行有效管理是海岸信息系统需要解决的难题。物联网通过各种类型的传感器将分布的实体连成一个整体的网络。本文研究基于无线物联网的海岸信息管理平台,给出系统的总体架构,并在此基础上对其中的关键技术进行重点分析,最后给出实现方案。     

An analysis of the overcapacity problem under the decentralized management system of container ports in Japan

This article is concerned with an analytical summary of how the Japanese container ports have been taking place overcapacity problem in a systematic way. It focuses on institutional aspects of the overcapacity problem from the viewpoint of accounting cost and opportunity cost. The first issue arises due to the port authority's accounting system and insufficient disclosures of financial statements of port business to the port users and taxpayers. The second issue is inherently related to resource allocation between the state government and local governments through the budget system and income distribution programmes. Since a proper allocation of economic resources in the port sector as a whole will depend on investment decisions being taken within a coherent framework for ensuring that costs are passed on to port users, these issues are closely related to each other in reality. Although the budget system is completely controlled by the state government, the local governments have authoritative power over port planning, financing, and management, which is assured by the Ports and Harbours Law. The overcapacity problem appears to be an inevitable result.     

An analysis of the overcapacity problem under the decentralized management system of container ports in Japan

This article is concerned with an analytical summary of how the Japanese container ports have been taking place overcapacity problem in a systematic way. It focuses on institutional aspects of the overcapacity problem from the viewpoint of accounting cost and opportunity cost. The first issue arises due to the port authority's accounting system and insufficient disclosures of financial statements of port business to the port users and taxpayers. The second issue is inherently related to resource allocation between the state government and local governments through the budget system and income distribution programmes. Since a proper allocation of economic resources in the port sector as a whole will depend on investment decisions being taken within a coherent framework for ensuring that costs are passed on to port users, these issues are closely related to each other in reality. Although the budget system is completely controlled by the state government, the local governments have authoritative power over port planning, financing, and management, which is assured by the Ports and Harbours Law. The overcapacity problem appears to be an inevitable result.     

一种航母指控系统研发的工程模型浅析

本文介绍一种可用于航母指控系统开发的工程模型,该模型将原有的2种方法进行结合,形成了一种环形的新模型,并研究了该模型的基础和开发难点。该模型克服了两种方法的缺点。     

海港岸电系统电能计量设备故障检测系统设计

在海港岸电系统电能计量设备的故障检测中,针对传统检测系统存在微小故障检测准确率较低的问题,提出一种海港岸电系统电能计量设备故障检测系统,通过硬件与软件的结合实现了海港岸电系统电能计量设备的故障检测,将该系统与传统电能计量设备故障检测系统进行对比实验,通过比较可知该系统的微小故障检测准确率最高,证明该系统更加适合海港岸电系统电能计量设备的故障检测。     

中国沿海船舶定线制“制”在必行

近日,中国海事局出台了《全国沿海船舶定线制总体规划》(下称《规划》)。这是一项服从和服务于国家发展战略、国家安全战略与可持续发展战略,构建"安全、有序、畅通"的中国沿海海上通航常态,保护海洋环境,     

An alternative perspective on common property resource allocation decisions in the coastal zone

Abstract

This article argues that using the public sector and the private market in the historically delineated and traditional ways offers only the bluntest of tools with which to approach the complex problem of coastal zone management. It therefore seeks to provide a basis for reformulating our understanding of sectoral responsibility with regard to resources management. First, it conceptually analyzes the relative strengths and weaknesses of the two sectors. Second, it examines three examples of coastal resources management—beaches and shorelands, artificial reefs, and coastal wetlands—in analyzing the complexities of the coastal management challenge and the limitations of our current approaches. Finally, we provide an alternative perspective on how these common property resource allocation decisions can be made.     

洋山深水港区工程供配电系统分析

为避免洋山港10kV供电线路过长,保证洋山深水港区供电可靠性,规划建设2座110kV降压站。分析了第1座110kV降压站容量规模提出了电缆过桥、110kV降压站、10kV系统中性点接地方式第一系列具体方案。由此,送电方案、完善洋山深水港区的供配电系统。     

沿海、内河货物运输合同关系新探

沿海、内河货物运输合同关系,在法律适用方面,以《合同法》和《民法通则》为基本标尺,以《国内水路货物运输规则》为基本规范。相关货运合同的签订,遵循《合同法》规定的要约与承诺方式,运单是运输合同的证明和承运人已经接收货物的收据。未取得《水路运输许可证》的水运企业所签的沿海、内河货物运输合同,应依法认定为有效合同,但这不影响水运行政主管机关对有关承运人追究行政责任。     

金融危机下沿海集装箱运输港口聚类分析

选择我国沿海十大集装箱港口,根据金融危机以来2008-2009年各港口集装箱吞吐量增长特点,通过统计分析软件SPSS,应用聚类分析方法,将我国沿海主要集装箱港口进行分类,进而分析和总结各类集装箱港口在金融危机期间的集装箱运输特点,据此提出沿海集装箱港口可以从大力拓展箱源、完善集疏运体系和优化港口软环境3方面应对金融危机所带来的负面效应,并总结不同类型的集装箱运输港口在每一方面的策略偏向,为当前国内集装箱港口在经济逐步复苏期更好更快发展提供决策上的参考.