70000t散货船实船操纵性试验

本文简单介绍了国际海事组织有关“船舶操纵性暂行标准”的决议,并用７００００ｔ散货船的实验试航结果和仿真计算结果与之进行了比较。     

基于澜沧江实船试验对兹万科夫船舶阻力计算方法的修正

考虑到采用兹万科夫法计算山区河流船舶阻力的局限性,结合澜沧江500 t级机动船实船静水航速试验,分析船舶阻力试验结果与兹万科夫法计算结果的偏差,提出按总阻力系数、剩余阻力、剩余阻力指数进行修正的思路和方法,建立相应修正系数与船舶弗劳德数、船宽吃水比的函数关系,对比上滩航行与静水航速实船试验结果,进行二次修正,总结出总阻力和剩余阻力二次修正系数以及适用范围。     

基于船舶操纵性的最后避让距离数学模型

在几何避碰数学模型中加入船舶转向延时及延时中两船位置关系的变化,并省去有关会遇几何关系的假设,给出两船任意初始状态下,转向完成时目标船DCPA、TCPA的预算模型。安全避让条件是关于DCPA、TCPA的不等式组,其解是开始避让距离d与转向角度ΔC的平面域,解域中d的最小值即对应最后避让距离,且对应一特定转向角度值。此模型对船舶避碰时机决策具有实用价值。     

基于非线性规划法的实用船型首部优化设计方法

为了得到阻力性能优良的实用船型,以线性兴波阻力理论为基础,利用非线性规划法探讨最小总阻力船型的优化设计方法.以总阻力为目标函数(其中兴波阻力采用Michell积分进行计算),船体表面型值为设计变量,排水量不减为基本约束条件,再考虑实用船型的附加约束条件,对船体首部形状进行优化研究,得到改良船型.对优化前后的船型再利用Rankine 源法进行兴波阻力数值计算,进一步评估优化后的降阻效果.最后给出了实际船型(集装箱船)的优化计算实例,明显的降阻效果证实了本优化设计方法的可靠性.     

施桥船闸至长江口门段航道疏浚适用船型研究

针对施桥船闸至长江口门段航道疏浚工程开展适宜船型研究。首先,结合具体航道疏浚工程特点、疏浚要求分析了内河常见几种挖泥船船型的优缺点;然后总结出影响船型选择的主要因素;最后,采用评分法对各船型方案进行适用性评价。结果表明：喷射式挖泥船较为适合该航段的疏浚工程,并针对喷射式挖泥船的局限性,提出了安装水刀装置的改进意见,以实现较高的工程效率和质量,取得良好的经济效益。     

长江口深水航道双向通航船舶宽度开发与研究

按照<海港总平面设计规范>和长江口深水航道三期工程初步设计.长江口深水航道内船舶双向交会时.两船总宽度之和不得超过某一数值,这导致一部分船舶不能与该类超大型船舶交会,出现了航道宽度不能满足日益增加的超大型船舶双向通航的矛盾,对长三角航运经济的发展造成了影响.为了解决深水航道宽度制约双向通航船舶宽度这一"瓶颈"问题.以长江口深水航道二期工程设计尺度为边界条件,基于船舶模拟试验和实船交会试验,并结合规范要求,对长江口深水航道双向通航的船舶宽度进行应用研究,提出有效措施,以提高该航道双向通航的能力,服务于上海国际航运中心建设.     

浅水中船舶水动力特性数值计算

本文对浅水中船舶水动力特性进行数值计算研究.采用RANS方程结合RNG K-ε两方程湍流模型,对一方形系数0.6的系列60船模在浅水中的阻力、升沉、纵倾和兴波进行数值计算,其中自由面采用VOF方法处理;计算中,水深Froude数范围0.6～1.8,包含了临界和超临界水深Froude数.数值计算得到的阻力、升沉和纵倾与模型试验结果及采用三维扩展Boussinesq方程的计算结果进行了比较分析,吻合较好,部分计算结果得到改进.     

Planning for resilient coastal communities: Lessons from ecological systems theory

Abstract

One of the least understood aspects of coastal zone utilization is how communities respond and adapt to changes occurring in the marine environment and to changes which transform the socioeconomic, political, and administrative environment of the coastal zone. In Atlantic Canada, it is estimated that there are some 1,300 “fishing communities,”; yet these communities vary considerably in terms of population size, proximity to urban centers, and dependence upon the local resource base to provide employment opportunities and alternatives. Although numerous government planning documents have purported to support “community revitalization”; and “self‐sufficiency/self‐reliance,”; few inquiries have been directed toward ascertaining how communities have maintained resiliency in the face of unexpected and sudden shock, or have adapted to more gradual change. This essay argues that human communities and ecological systems may have similar attributes, and that appropriate resource development and management planning should take account of these traits as well as the sustaining structural support mechanisms.     

从IMO在提高客滚船安全方面的新举措看客滚船未来发展趋势

1999年11月24日,“大舜”号客滚船从烟台驶往大连途中在烟台附近海域倾覆,造成282人遇难,仅22人生还。此次特大海难事故是一起在恶劣的气象和海况条件下,船长决策和指挥失误,船舶操纵和操作不当,船载车辆超载、系固不良而导致的重大责任事故。这是我国建国以来海上最大的一起海难事故,给国家和人民群众的生命财产带来了无可挽回的损失。时至今日,“大舜”号海难已过去整整十年,“死者已矣,生者何堪”,我们从“大舜”号中吸取的沉痛教训在今天仍然有着十分重要的意义。     

Lessons Learned from the Marine Management Area Science Program: Insights for Global Conservation Science Programs

Drawing on experiences from the four regions and the overall conduct of the Marine Management Area Science (MMAS) program, this concluding article highlights emergent cross-cutting themes that affected MMAS programs across the regions, summarizes the important conservation outcomes of the MMAS program, and then discusses lessons gained from the actual process of conducting the MMAS program. Based on these insights, particularly the last section, this article concludes with recommendations for other conservation programs, specifically those that are global in scope and are science-based with a specific intent to apply that science to conservation action.     

Challenges in Collaborative Governance for Coastal Restoration: Lessons from the Caernarvon River Diversion in Louisiana

In an effort to restore deteriorating coastal wetlands in Breton Sound, Louisiana, a diversion of Mississippi River water into the estuarine ecosystem has been operated at Caernarvon, Louisiana, since 1991. The diversion was implemented after a relatively long collaborative planning process beginning in the 1950s. The Caernarvon Interagency Advisory Committee, an official panel of stakeholders, considers scientific aspects of the freshwater inflow and stakeholder inputs in developing an operational plan, which internalizes stakeholder conflicts, while accomplishing goals of restoring the coastal ecosystem. Even though fishery representatives are committee members, local oyster fishers filed lawsuits in federal and state courts from 1994 through 2005, claiming damages to their oyster beds. These lawsuits were initially successful in state courts but were reversed by the Louisiana Supreme Court. The federal suits were unsuccessful. Following these lawsuits, voters in Louisiana in 2000 amended the State Constitution to protect coastal restoration projects against lawsuits reflecting increase in overall statewide support. Increasing scientific knowledge has contributed significantly to diversion operation. For better collaborative governance, efforts to increase common understanding among stakeholders will be needed, and a process to compensate interests of stakeholders suffering from impacts of restoration projects at an earlier stage should be institutionalized.     

船检，水上安全的第一道防线

船舶检验,被誉为船舶安全的第一道防线.随着国际社会对生命、安全及环保的日益重视,船舶检验也被赋予了更多的责任和期望.5月25日,2009年全国船检工作会议召开.业界的目光再一次聚焦到了船舶检验这一领域.