对福建营运汽车能耗及排放量监测与统计的探讨

交通运输行业是能源消耗和碳排放的大户,有责任通过技术革新、加强管理等努力,实现行业的节能减排目标。如何摸清营运车辆能源消费水平及车辆技术状况,了解驾驶行为是否节能,成为一个亟待解决的难题。降低能耗与多方面有密切关系,根据福建营运汽车节能减排工作的现状调研,以寻求改善汽车燃油经济性作为目标,从指标体系建立与监测方向出发,探讨挖掘降低燃油消耗的潜力,从而降低汽车营运过程的碳排放。     

道路运输应急保障还有提升空间——访公路科学研究院公路交通发展研究中心副主任虞明远

2009年6月,交通运输部曾经发布了<关于加强道路运输应急保障工作的若干意见>(征求意见稿),指出力争用2～3年时间,全面提高道路运输应急处置水平和效率.     

重压之下须强力出击——交通运输部体法司副司长朱伽林谈节能降耗

当运输经济如快车般疾驰在高速路上,呼啸驶过的背后埋下了能源与环境的隐患.节能与环保如今日益受到关注,已然成为时尚与热点.     

道路运输应急保障还有提升空间——访公路科学研究院公路交通发展研究中心副主任虞明远

到目前为止,全国各地的道路运输管理部门不但形成了一整套防范和应对突发事件的科学体系,而且大部分的道运企业经过实战演练,应急运输保障能力比前几年得到了很大的提高。     

服务大局、突出重点、坚决打好道路运输节能减排攻坚战

<正>资源节约和环境保护,是我国的一项基本国策,关系人民群众的切身利益和中华民族的生存发展。党的十七大强调,要把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会放在工业化、现代化发展战略的突出位置;党中央、国务院先后作出一系列重大部署,应对气     

运输节能“利器”风行

说起来重要,干起来次要,忙起来不要。交通部公路科学研究院汽车运输研究中心副主任蔡凤田在调研中听到了一句节能工作顺口溜。这说明,前些年,尽管节能减排在我国宣传力度很大,但落实到具体工作中,依然没有一个合适的抓手。     

道路运输 节能减排路有多远？ 行动篇——苏汽以“油耗统计考核”促节能减排

道路运输企业节能减排涵盖范围甚广,工作的着力点还是在管理上,管理的重点既包括严格执行车辆燃料耗量限值标准,也包括车辆行驶路线的科学选择;既包括加大市场营销力度提高车辆实载率,也包括对司机节油技术的增训.     

The effects of an acceleration advisory tool in vehicles for reduced fuel consumption and emissions

This study evaluates whether the use of an acceleration advisor leads to fuel savings, to determine the change in traffic-related emissions and to analyse changes in driving patterns on various routes. The acceleration advisor provides advice to drivers through resistance in the accelerator pedal when they try to accelerate rapidly. In a test carried out in Southern Sweden, the acceleration advisor was installed in four postal delivery vehicles. The driving pattern parameters show that strong acceleration was significantly reduced, which indicated that the drivers had complied with the advisor. On two of the three routes, the acceleration advisor had a positive effect on emissions. In general, no significant reduction in fuel consumption was observed when driving with the acceleration advisor activated.     

Identifying the early adopters of alternative fuel vehicles: A case study of Birmingham,United Kingdom

The transport sector has been identified as a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. As part of its emissions reduction strategy, the United Kingdom Government is demonstrating support for new vehicle technologies, paying attention, in particular, to electric vehicles.Cluster analysis was applied to Census data in order to identify potential alternative fuel vehicle drivers in the city of Birmingham, United Kingdom. The clustering was undertaken based on characteristics of age, income, car ownership, home ownership, socio-economic status and education. Almost 60% of areas that most closely fitted the profile of an alternative fuel vehicle driver were found to be located across four wards furthest from Birmingham city centre, while the areas with the poorest fit were located towards the centre of Birmingham. The paper demonstrates how Census data can be used in the initial stages of identifying potential early adopters of alternative vehicle drivers. It also shows how such research can provide scope for infrastructure planning and policy development for local and national authorities, while also providing useful marketing information to car manufacturers.     

Incentivizing alternative fuel vehicles: the influence of transport policies,attitudes and perceptions

This paper aims to evaluate the influence of policies, attitudes and perceptions when incentivizing alternative fuel vehicles. The impact of possible policies such as gasoline taxes increases, purchase price subsidies, tax exemptions, and increases in fuel recharging station availability for alternative fuelled vehicles is evaluated using hybrid choice models. The models also allow assessing the sensitivity of latent variables (i.e., attitudes and perceptions) in the car purchase behaviour. The models are estimated using data from a stated choice survey collected in five Colombian cities. The latent variables are obtained from the rating of statements related to the transport system, environmental concern, vehicle preferences, and technology. The modelling approach includes regression between latent variables. Results show that environmental concern and the support for green transport policies have a positive influence on the intention to purchase alternative fuel vehicles. Meanwhile, people who reveal to be car-dependent prefer to buy standard fuelled vehicles. The analysis among cities shows similar trends in individual behaviour, although there are differences in attribute sensitivities. The policy scenario analysis revealed high sensitivity to capital cost and the need for extensive investments in refuelling stations for alternative fuel vehicles to become attractive. Nevertheless, all policies should not only be directed at infrastructure and vehicles but also be focused on user awareness and acceptance of the alternative fuel vehicles. The analysis suggests that in an environmentally conscious market, people prefer alternative fuels. However, if the transport policies support private transport, the market shares of alternative fuel vehicles will decrease.     

交通运输服务标准体系构建策略和框架初探

本文在分析服务标准内涵的基础上,提出了交通运输服务标准界定的方法和标准体系框架构建的原则,并按照交通运输服务的重点领域,构建了交通运输服务标准体系的框架结构,提出了标准体系的实施的建议。     

Vehicle mass as a determinant of fuel consumption and secondary safety performance: A comment

Attention is called to evidence that in collisions between vehicles of equal mass, and in single-vehicle collisions, there is unlikely to be a very strong effect of car size on injury severity, and that variation in crashworthiness within the set of car models of a given size has a much larger effect. Consequently, the secondary safety of a national fleet of small cars in the future could be as high as that of a national fleet of large cars today.     

底盘测功机阻力设定对重型商用车油耗的影响分析

文章研究了重型商用车辆分别采用推荐道路阻力与实测道路阻力对在底盘测功机上进行整车油耗试验的结果差异。结果表明,采用推荐道路阻力不能真实反应出车辆的油耗水平;底盘测功机的阻力设定直接影响车辆的油耗结果,阻力设定值越大,油耗越大,反之越小。     

Forecasting petrol demand and assessing the impact of selective strategies to reduce fuel consumption

Abstract

The use of fossil fuels in transportation is an important topic as a result of growing concerns over global warming. Automobile petrol demand has been of particular interest to researchers and policy-makers, given that the automobile is a major contributor to the enhanced greenhouse effect. This paper forecasts Australia's automobile petrol demand up to the year 2020 based on the best performing forecasting model selected out of eight models. In order to establish ways to reduce the demand for petrol, and the consequent by-product of reducing the amount of greenhouse gas emissions, we have estimated the impact on CO₂ for several potential policy instruments, using Transportation and Environment Strategy Impact Simulator (an integrated transport, land use and environmental strategy impact simulation programme). We find that a carbon tax of AU$0.50/kg can reduce automobile kilometres by 5.9%, resulting in reduced demand for petrol and a reduction in CO₂ of 1.5%.     

The effect of uncertainty on US transport-related GHG emissions and fuel consumption out to 2050

The future of US transport energy requirements and emissions is uncertain. Transport policy research has explored a number of scenarios to better understand the future characteristics of US light-duty vehicles. Deterministic scenario analysis is, however, unable to identify the impact of uncertainty on the future US vehicle fleet emissions and energy use. Variables determining the future fleet emissions and fuel use are inherently uncertain and thus the shortfall in understanding the impact of uncertainty on the future of US transport needs to be addressed. This paper uses a stochastic technology and fleet assessment model to quantify the uncertainties in US vehicle fleet emissions and fuel use for a realistic yet ambitious pathway which results in about a 50% reduction in fleet GHG emissions in 2050. The results show the probability distribution of fleet emissions, fuel use, and energy consumption over time out to 2050. The expected value for the fleet fuel consumption is about 450 and 350 billion litres of gasoline equivalent with standard deviations of 40 and 80 in 2030 and 2050, respectively. The expected value for the fleet GHG emissions is about 1360 and 850 Mt CO₂ equivalent with standard deviation of 130 and 230 in 2030 and 2050 respectively. The parameters that are major contributors to variations in emissions and fuel consumption are also identified and ranked through the uncertainty analysis. It is further shown that these major contributors change over time, and include parameters such as: vehicle scrappage rate, annual growth of vehicle kilometres travelled in the near term, total vehicle sales, fuel economy of the dominant naturally-aspirated spark ignition vehicles, and percentage of gasoline displaced by cellulosic ethanol. The findings in this paper demonstrate the importance of taking uncertainties into consideration when choosing amongst alternative fuel and emissions reduction pathways, in the light of their possible consequences.     

Effects of driving style on the fuel consumption of city buses under different road conditions and vehicle masses

The variance in fuel consumption caused by driving style (DS) difference exceeds 10% and reaches a maximum of 20% under different road conditions, even for experienced bus drivers. To study the influence of DS on fuel consumption, a method for summarizing DS characteristic parameters on the basis of vehicle-engine combined model is proposed. With this method, the author proposes 26 DS characteristic parameters related to fuel consumption in the accelerating, normal running, and decelerating processes of vehicles. The influence of DS characteristic parameters on fuel consumption under different road conditions and vehicle masses is quantitatively analyzed on the basis of real driving data over 100,000 km. Analysis results show that the influence of DS characteristic parameters on fuel consumption changes with road condition and vehicle mass, with road condition serving a more important function. However, the DS characteristics in the accelerating process of vehicles are decisive for fuel consumption under different conditions. This study also calculates the minimum sample size necessary for analyzing the effect of DS characteristics on fuel consumption. The statistical analysis based on the real driving data over 2500 km can determine the influence of DS on fuel consumption under a given power-train configuration and road condition. The analysis results can be employed to evaluate the fuel consumption of drivers, as well as to guide the design of Driver Advisory System for Eco-driving directly.     

The German value of time and value of reliability study: the survey work

Transportation - In 2012 Germany’s Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) initiated several projects in preparation of the new Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan...