浅谈公司和登记船东识别号机制的建立与实施

《IMO公司和登记船东唯一识别号机制》是国际海事组织海上安全委员会(MSC)推出的一项新的管理举措,旨在加强海上安全、海上保安和环境保护,并便于预防海上诈骗。本文介绍了该机制的基本概况,分析了我国实施该机制的必要性,列举了我国当前实施该机制所面临的问题,从船旗国履约的角度针对性提出了我国为实施该机制在立法、数据库建设、数据保护、数据利用等方面的对策,并提出了合理的建议。     

IMO成员国自愿审核机制在VTS领域的审核及对策

为了进一步加强实施海上安全和环境保护公约，国际海事组织（IMO）自2006年起在全球推行“IMO成员国自愿审核机制”。文中对审核机制的背景、内容及影响进行了分析，对VTS方面的审核和我国VTS管理现状进行了探讨，并提出了履约建议对策。     

IMO成员国自愿审核机制简介

近年来。国际海事组织（IMO）为了促进国际海上安全和海洋环境保护公约的有效统一实施，研究制定并即将全面推行“IMO成员国自愿审核机制”（以下简称审核机制或VMSA）。该机制是在成员国自愿的基础上，由IMO组建审核组对成员国履行重要国际海事条约的义务情况进行审核，通过审核拨出成员国履约上的不足并提出合理化建议和意见，交流各国履约成功的经验．共同吸取教训，促进全球海上安全、海洋环境保护以及主管机关海事行政管理水平的共同提高。     

IMO自愿审核机制下我国海事监管对策研究

国际海事组织（IM0）为了促进国际海上安全和海洋环境保护公约的有效实施,于2006年开始推行“IMO成员国自愿审核机制”。文中第一部分简要介绍了IMO自愿审核机制,分析了该机制的产生原因和运作过程;第二部分分析了该机制的实施可能给中国海事监管工作带来的影响;第三部分通过对自愿审核机制的认识,尝试性地提出我国海事主管机关应对自愿审核的对策性建议。     

《1974年国际海上人命安全公约》的概要及实施

《1974年国际海上人命安全公约》于1980年5月25日生效,我国已于1980年1月7日向政府间海事协商组织交存了批准文件,成为该公约的缔约国。本文就该公约的修订背景、1974年国际海上人命安全会议情况、该公约内容概要作一介绍,并对实施中的若干问题提出一些建议。     

改善我国海上安全信息播发体系功能之我见

文章在海洋强国战略实施的背景下,海上船舶航行安全及涉海活动对海上安全信息的需求日益突出,加强我国海上安全信息播发体系的研究尤为必要,在对海上安全信息播发体系现状分析研究的基础上,指出了存在的问题,并提出了相关建议。     

从《安全调查规则》履约角度看我国海上安全调查工作

自2010年1月IMO《海上事故或海上事件安全调查国际标准和建议做法规则》(下称《安全调查规则》)强制实施以来,我国按照《安全调查规则》要求积极履约,在海上事故安全调查和国际合作方面取得长足进步。总结我国海上安全调查的现状,分析存在的不足并提出改进建议,以求对提升我国的安全调查履约水平有所裨益。     

IMO自愿审核机制在航标领域的审核及对策研究

近年来,国际海事组织（IMO）为了促进国际海上安全和海洋环境保护公约的有效实施,于2006年开始推行“IMO成员国自愿审核机制”。文中第一部分分析了该机制的产生原因和运作过程;第二部分分析了该机制的实施可能给中国带来的影响;第三部分根据SOLAS公约和IALA建议提出了审核机制在航标管理方面的审核内容;在最后一部分通过对中国航标管理现状的分析,尝试性地提出了几个对策性建议。     

论海上油污染监督管理

随着我国工业化的快速发展,海上油污染现象日益严重,已构成威胁我国海洋生态安全。本文就海上油污染起源、原因等方面进行了探讨,提出如何防止、减轻各类油污染源对海上造成污染,如何对海上油污染进行监督管理,指出了我国应尽快建立油污赔偿机制。     

我国海上遇险和安全通信系统价值分析

概述了海上遇险和安全通信系统(Global Maritime Distress and Safety System,以下简称GMDSS)的背景、系统构成,对系统功能、地位和作用进行了比较详细的介绍;重点分析了系统工程的价值,由此提出我国建设GMDSS的首要目的是最大限度地保障海上人命与财产安全,并对实施海洋开发具有战略意义;针对我国GMDSS存在的不足,提出了改进措施,为我国GMDSS发展和管理的技术政策、战略、规划等宏观决策提供参考。     

浅析海事系统应对IMO审核机制的对策

文中介绍了国际海事组织成员国自愿审核机制的基本要求和相关信息，根据审核标准（即《IMO强制性文件实施规则》）和审核程序的相关要求，结合中国海事管理实际，对中国海事系统应对IMO审核机制的总体安排和各直属海事局如何开展应对IMO审核的准备工作，提出对策建议。     

The voluntary IMO Member State Audit Scheme: An accountability regime for states on maritime affairs

In this article, the issue of monitoring compliance of State obligations and responsibilities that are derived from them being parties to the various international maritime treaties adopted under the purview of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) will be explored. The genesis of why monitoring compliance of State actors is now topical and the development of the Voluntary IMO Member State Audit Scheme in response thereto will be highlighted. The positive outcome of the audits conducted under the voluntary Scheme and the level of participation of Member States in the Scheme have now brought to the fore the need to consider developing a mandatory audit regime applicable to all Member States of the IMO. In this respect, this article will proffer a possible way forward for the further development of the Audit Scheme.     

The UN’s 2030 Agenda for sustainable development and the maritime transport domain: the role and challenges of IMO and its stakeholders through a grounded theory perspective

In September 2015, the United Nations (UN) officially adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development together with 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) (UN, 2016). The attainment of the SDGs requires a strong commitment by all UN Member States, not least by the Member States at the International Maritime Organization (IMO). This empirical research aims to identify the role and challenges of stakeholders at IMO, when implementing the UN’s 2030 Agenda in the international maritime transport domain using a grounded theory approach. This paper describes the methodology and the analytical process undertaken and presents the main findings based on empirical data. The results are presented as a set of six propositions. The first proposition presents the phenomena engulfing Member States at IMO stemming out from lack of knowledge and policy incoherency on the 2030 Agenda at national level. The other five propositions suggest how these challenges could potentially be best alleviated through an IMO-led strategy on sustainable development within the context of the 2030 Agenda, supported by an appropriate governance structure that sees the introduction of strategic actors for coordinating the implementation of the SDGs at national level. With the support of a Task Force, and by also making use of the IMO Member State Audit Scheme (IMSAS), to create more awareness and ownership, the strategic actors could work towards balancing the three dimensions of sustainable development—the economic, the environmental, and the social dimensions—which were found to be imbalanced in the international maritime transport domain.     

提高我国船旗国履约效率的探讨

2009年11月,我国政府将接受国际海事组织自愿审核机制评审组对我国开展的审核,有关船旗国履约效率的话题正不断升温。文中介绍了在IMO框架下船旗国的职责和义务,船旗国履约的差距以及衡量指标,并从船舶监督管理的实践出发,提出了提高我国船旗国履约效率的几点建议。     

A risk appraisal system regarding the implementation of maritime regulations by a ship operator

The shipping industry operates in a regulatory framework, where the International Maritime Organization (IMO) is the leading regulatory body. The role of the IMO is to propose maritime regulations to its member states. The successful worldwide implementation of a maritime regulation depends on how many member states adopt it. However, many maritime regulations are not adequately implemented worldwide. As a result, ship operators have found themselves in an uncomfortable position in developing their business in an unstable regulatory regime. This paper proposes an extendable and applicable methodology involving a System of Hierarchical Scorecards (SHS) to measure the implementation costs and benefits of a newly introduced or existing maritime regulation by ship operators. The regulators may use the results in evaluating newly introduced and/or existing regulations through taking into account the economic burden that will be generated to ship operators. In this paper, SHS is extended to demonstrate its applicability on evaluating a ship operator’s organization with regard to his regulatory implementation performance by the means of a case study.     

中国海事推演IMO自愿审核机制的成效分析

国际海事组织从推动全球协调、统一履行国际海上人命安全公约（SOLAS）等六个重要公约的角度,建立并实施了自愿审核机制。中国政府积极参加该机制,于2009年11月7—18日自愿接受了IMO审核并取得良好的审核结果。通过审核工作,较好展现了我国政府履约的良好形象。维护了国家航运利益,促进了中国海事管理事权组织方式的改进,丰富和发展了大国海事公共治理内涵,也为全球协调统一履约发挥了积极的推动作用。海事系统通过迎审准备和接受审核,调整了理念,完善了战略规划,加强了能力建设,推动中国海事管理规范化、科学化、制度化发展。     

Evaluating the knowledge of experts in the maritime regulatory field

Regulations are introduced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) into the maritime industry as the result of safety accidents and/or pollution incidents. When there is lack of historical data, then the IMO appoints experts in order to collect information regarding the costs and benefits generated to a stakeholder of the maritime industry once implementing a maritime regulation. Therefore, the role of experts in providing qualitative and quantitative information is crucial with respect to the quality of the maritime regulatory process within the IMO or other regulatory authorities. In this article, a methodology is proposed involving common criteria in determining the expertise of an individual in the maritime regulatory field. As essential part of the research methodology, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is utilized to determine the expertise of an individual based on his/her own judgements. The regulatory authorities and other stakeholders of the maritime industry may use this method when selecting experts for decision-making. In this article, a simulation is carried showing the potentials of the AHP methodology in expertise evaluation followed by a case study.