海上保险合同中比例赔偿责任的适用与反思

本文就《保险法司法解释（三）》第25条规定的比例赔偿责任制度在海上保险合同中适用存在的问题进行研究和反思。通过分析相关裁判案例,得出实践中比例赔偿原则在海上保险合同中的适用存在规范的内涵不明确、规范性质存在争议、实践中对该规范的认识不一的问题,导致了比例赔偿责任制度在海上保险合同中适用效果的不稳定。就此,文章提出宜通过明确比例赔偿责任制度对海上保险合同纠纷的适用、由立法论转向解释论以及建立比例赔偿责任类型化适用制度这三条路径实现比例赔偿责任在海上保险合同中的恰当适用。     

浅析海上保险法中的禁止反言原则

禁止反言原则是英美法系一项广泛适用的、十分重要的法律制度,本文介绍了禁止反言原则并分析海上保险法律中禁止反言原则的应用,评述了我国现行海上保险法律相关规定,以说明在我国海上保险法律制度中确立禁止反言原则的必要性。     

海上保险的保险利益相关问题研究

文章以海上保险合同的保险利益原则及其相关问题为主线,以我国现行的保险法和海商法为依据,采用比较法学研究方法联系国外立法,对我国海上保险中保险利益的确定和适用上存在的相关问题进行了研究和分析。     

论海上货物运输保险中的保险利益

保险利益原则,在我国保险理论和司法实践中是一个相当确定的法律原则,但是,在海上保险合同的适用和海事司法的实践中,会经常产生一些理论上的问题,本文从海上货物运输保险的角度出发,着重论述了海上货物运输中保险利益的法定原则。     

论海上保险中的告知义务

最大诚实信用原则是海上保险合同中的一项基本原则,告知义务是其主要内容。结合我国《海商法》、英国《1906年海上保险法》及相关司法判例,对海上保险中的告知义务进行探讨和研究。     

论海上保险合同中的保证条款

通过对国际海上保险中的保证条款的分析，针对我国目前适用海上保险的法律对海上保险的保证条款并无明确的定义和内容，建议在立法上对此加以完善。     

论海上保险法的最大读信原则

最大诚信原则最早出现在海上保险中。它是各国保险法的基本原则,本文通过分析英国的有关立法与判例所形成的基本框架,论述海上保险中最大诚信原则对被保险人及保险人的要求。     

比例原则在海上保险中的适用

将比例原则适用于保险法早有先例,英国在《2015年保险法》引入比例原则用于解决违法告知义务传统救济全有全无模式的弊端,对我国《海商法》海上保险合同部分的修改有很大借鉴意义。     

海上保险合同及其立法

1 海上保险合同的定义及其性质 海上保险合同是众多合同中的一种,按照我国<海商法>第216条的规定,海上保险合同是指保险人按照约定,对被保险人遭受保险事故造成保险标的的损失和产生的责任负责赔偿,而由被保险人支付保险费的合同.海上保险合同关系本来应该属于保险法的调整对象,但鉴于海上保险有许多特殊性,故<保险法>第153条规定:"海上保险适用海商法的有关规定,海商法未做规定的,适用本法的有关规定."     

论海上保险法的最大诚信原则

最大诚信原则最早出现在海上保险中。它是各国保险法的基本原则，本文通过分析英国的有关立法与判例所形成的基本框架，论述海上保险中最大诚信原则对被保险人及保险人的要求。     

PAN ATLANTIC 诉PINE TOP一案中体现的海上保险法最大诚信原则

海上保险法有四大原则,即保险利益原则、最大诚信原则、因果关系原则以及代位求偿原则。在海上保险法中,最大诚信原则的历史也相当悠久。在英国的海上保险法里,有最著名的第17条：海上保险合同建立在最大诚信原则基础之上,如果合同任何一方不遵守最大诚信,另一方即可宣告合同无效。通过立法的形式确定了英国法中的最大诚信原则。但是最大诚信原则在当代也出现了嬗变。     

简述建设工程设计合同的法律风险识别与防范

合同作为建设工程设计项目的载体,明确各方权责显得尤为重要.面对复杂的情况,如何准确识别法律风险,合理规避风险,做好防患于未然是需要重点研究的课题.从合同制定的全过程进行监控,合理分析合同签订、变更、履行、赔偿等各环节中可能遇到的状况和风险,使建设工程设计的进行达到预期效果.本文以合同的法律风险识别为出发点,阐述识别法律...     

Universal jurisdiction as obligation to prosecute or extradite

Before searching for new legal solutions to manage maritime piracy problems, especially those related to jurisdiction, it is essential to examine and analyse the existing international legal framework to determine whether current international legal instruments are already appropriate to face off this threat. One such principle is the “Aut dedere aut iudicare” principle, which has been also codified into SUA Convention, at art. 6 par. 4. This obligation comes from an international treaty, so it cannot be disregarded by any state (short of becoming susceptible to international liability), neither can it be amended by a national law. If a state party has inadequate law resources to establish its jurisdiction, or if unable or unwilling to prosecute the pirate, then such state party has no choice but extradite the pirate. If we consider the above principle as a conventional obligation, then it should be limited only to state parties, and it should be applied only under conditions stated by SUA Convention. Instead, if we consider it as a customary law principle, because piracy—as crimen iuris gentium—offends international community as a whole, then such principle shall be binding without any limit or condition.     

第三方物流合约风险识别与评价

第三方物流,又称契约物流或合约物流,是20世纪80年代才在欧美发达国家出现的概念。它通过一系列的合约来规范物流供需双方的关系并管理物流服务及过程。由于各种风险因素的存在,导致合约的履行产生风险。本文对这些影响合约履行的风险因素进行了分析和评价。     

论定期租船合同中的格式条款

《中华人民共和国合同法》（下称《合同法》）首次对格式条款问题作出了规定,但由于该法实施时间不长,其对一些具体合同中格式条款的适用问题还有待于进一步研究。根据《合同法》的规定,对定期租船合同中格式条款进行认定,并讨论定期租船合同中的格式条款提供人的义务及定期租船合同中格式条款的无效的问题。     

Equality of bargaining power in contracts for international liner shipping

Mandatory rules exist in contracts for international liner shipping primarily because of imbalances and non-equity in the allocation of contract responsibilities. The superior bargaining position owned by the carriers depends largely upon liner market monopoly levels, the supply and demand balance between the shipper and carrier, and the cargo volume size of the shippers. With the development of shipping technologies, mode of transport, and shipping competition policy, the unequal comparison of bargaining forces between shippers and carriers changes. When the existing mandatory rule was deemed no longer necessary due to changing circumstances, legislation requirements to restore freedom to contract became apparent. When both sides have equal bargaining power, adoption of the principle of freedom of contract for their business relationships is suitable. The Rotterdam Rules concerning freedom of volume contract construction is based on equal bargaining powers between both sides and responds to the evolving situation of the industry. The Rules represent the development trend of today’s theory of contracts for international liner shipping and the demand for legal and institutional changes.     

海上油污损害赔偿的责任主体——由“谁漏油谁负责”原则引发的思考

从油污损害赔偿主体着手,首先引入相关的国际公约和国内立法的规定,然后由“谁漏油谁负责”原则展开,并结合实践提出个人观点。     

舰船装备修理合同优化研究

舰船装备维修费是舰船装备全寿命周期费用的重要组成部分,而且所占比例有日益增加的趋势,因而作为决定舰船装备修理价格关键因素的舰船装备修理合同的优化问题必须予以重视.从舰船装备修理合同的基本概念入手,分析舰船修理合同优化的主要内容,并对合同优化的环境建设提出建议,旨在通过合同的优化,提高舰船装备修理经费的军事经济效益和舰船保障能力.     

国际工程合同外收入结算工作理论与实践

在国际工程中,承包商的合同总收入包括两部分:(1)承包商与业主签订的合同总金额,它构成了合同收入的基本内容;(2)因工程变更、追加工程量、索赔、调价、奖励等形成的收入,该部分金额只有在符合规定时才能构成合同总收入。针对不同的合同外收入项,承包商需要掌握相关的理论和知识,并采取不同的措施。     

Third party ship management: the case of separation of ownership and management in the shipping context

The last four decades have seen the rise of third party ship management and its evolution into an industry in its own right. This signified a new reality in ship management practice, whereby the traditional custom of doing business with the ship owner being also the ship manager was abandoned and a revolutionary model that assigned the role of the owner and the role of the manager to two different entities was proposed. In essence, then, third party ship management comes very close, in principle and in practice, to the separation of ownership and management as experienced in many industrial fields, after the emergence, in the last half of the 19th century, of the salaried manager. The purpose of this paper is to examine the forces at work in the process of such separation with a view to provide an insight into the relevant, contemporary parameters that can be considered instrumental in the strategic decision to employ third party ship management