A general scaled model design method of stiffened plate subjected to combined longitudinal compression and lateral pressure considering the ultimate strength and collapse modes

A general and efficient scaled method for stiffened plates subjected to combined longitudinal compression and lateral pressure is proposed based on slenderness, simply by adjusting the number of stiffeners. The design method makes it easier to determine the dimensions of the scaled model for a given scale ratio compared with the previously proposed method. The emphasis is on the influence of the plate slenderness, the column slenderness, and the non-dimensional parameter of the lateral pressure on the ultimate strength. By maintaining the consistency of the plate slenderness and column slenderness, the proposed method is applicable for designing scaled models with materials of different yield stresses and Young's moduli. A similar effect of the lateral pressure on the ultimate strength of the prototype and scaled models is achieved by maintaining the non-dimensional parameter. In addition, the applicability of the scaled method to the initial deflection is considered, which provides a reference for similar models. The similitude of the scaled method is verified for several typical buckling modes, including the beam–column, tripping, web and overall collapse modes. Given the numerical results, the proposed general and fast scaled method can provide reasonable dimensions of scaled stiffened plates subjected to combined loads.     

冲击载荷下含表面裂纹潜艇典型结构的动态断裂研究

文章基于大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS研究了带有初始表面裂纹的潜艇典型结构在不同下潜深度、不同爆心到船壳距离R和不同作用方位冲击载荷作用下的动态应力强度因子及其最大值与冲击因子的变化规律,然后以921A钢为例对多种工况下结构是否发生失稳断裂作出初步判断。     

具有初始挠度的板架结构承载特性分析

为探讨具有初始挠度的板架结构轴向受压时的承载特性,本文采用MSC.Nastran建立了具有初始挠度的板架结构模型,分析了初始挠度及其大小对结构的影响,根据应力等效原理拟合了挠曲板架结构轴向受压时的相当面积公式。结果表明,随着初始挠度的增加,板架主要变形方式逐渐由压缩转换为弯曲,其承载能力大幅下降;初始挠度越大,板架承载能力越弱;相当面积折减系数随着初始挠度的增加呈现先缓慢减小随后迅速降低最终平减小的变化趋势,结构中横向(垂直于轴向)应力随着初始挠度的增加不断增大。     

Effect of pitting corrosion on the ultimate strength of steel plates subjected to in-plane compression and bending

Corrosion pits with a circular cone shape are typically observed on coated hold frames of aged bulk carriers which carry exclusively coal and iron ore. In order to ensure the safety of these types of bulk carrier, it is necessary to understand the effect of pitting corrosion on the local strength of hold frames. In order to investigate this effect, a series of nonlinear finite-element (FE) analyses has been performed with pitted plates subjected to in-plane compressive loads and bending moments. It has been shown that the ultimate compression load or bending moment of pitted plates is smaller than that of uniformly corroded plates in terms of average thickness loss, and that predictions of the ultimate strength using the average thickness loss at the minimum cross section would be conservative. In order to establish a method of evaluating strength reduction due to pitting corrosion, it is important to identify the failure mode that would be most detrimentally affected by pitting corrosion. It was found that the reduction of the ultimate compressive load or bending moment due to pitting corrosion is smaller than that of the tensile strength in terms of equivalent thickness.     

A detailed finite element investigation of the effects of local lateral high-velocity impacts on the ultimate strength of unstiffened steel plates subjected to uniaxial in-plane compression

In this paper, the ultimate strength of unstiffened steel plates under uniaxial in-plane compression is numerically studied considering the local lateral impact of a rigid-body impactor. The plates are made of mild steel, where its behaviour is modelled by using the Johnson-Cook material model. The material parameters of the Johnson-Cook material model calibrated by the authors were employed for predicting the behaviour of the target in order to numerically reproduce the impact tests. The value of average in-plane stress of the plates is determined accounting for the collision of rigid-body impactor with masses of 50–150 gr and velocities of 400–1200 m/s. Moreover, the effects of stress waves induced as a result of lateral impact of the rigid-body impactor on the ultimate strength of the plates under uniaxial in-plane compression are also assessed. The results indicate that the ultimate strength of the plate decreases due to stress-wave creation and thus, it is required to take that into account. Besides, it is revealed that assuming the final damaged state of the plate after being laterally impacted by the rigid-body impactor as an initial condition, does not yield a correct response when evaluating its ultimate compressive strength under uniaxial in-plane compression.     

Study on hot spot stress distribution of three-planar tubular Y-joints subjected to in-plane bending moment

The three-planar tubular Y-joint (3Y-joint) is the main part of the fatigue assessment of tripod substructures of offshore wind turbines (OWTs). As typical multiplanar tubular joints, 3Y-joints are affected a lot by multiplanar interaction between braces. Moreover, the locations of hot spot stress (HSS) can vary considerably under different load types. Thus, the distributions of stress concentration factor (SCF) and multiplanar interaction factor (MIF) along weld toe curves are necessary to calculate HSS. Considering these requirements, this study focuses on the 3Y-joint considering the wide application of the tripod substructure of OWT. A finite element (FE) analysis method is introduced and validated. Then, a numerical database is established covering common ranges of parameters used in practice. The SCF and MIF of 3Y-joint under in-plane bending moment are analyzed. Distribution formulas are proposed and proved suitable for calculating HSS in engineering design.     

Experimental assessment of the ultimate strength of a box girder subjected to severe corrosion

The objective of this paper is to describe the experimental assessment of the ultimate strength of a severely corroded box girder subjected to a uniform bending moment resulting from four-point loading. Three box girders that could simulate the behaviour of midship sections have been deteriorated in corrosive seawater environment to simulate different levels of corrosion degradation of ageing ship structures. During the deterioration process, various parameters have been controlled and the total weight lost was registered. Corroded plate thicknesses have been measured in 212 points and a statistical analysis has been performed. The resulting corrosion wastage has been fitted by a non-linear time variant degradation model. The experimental results of the ultimate strength test of a severely corroded box girder subjected to a four-point loading have been analysed. The load-displacement and moment-curvature relationship is discussed, different failure modes are identified, and the strain gauges readings are analysed.     

船体结构极限强度模型试验技术研究

船舶结构的极限承载能力是反映船舶结构安全可靠的重要指标,历来受到船舶工程界的广泛关注;而模型试验技术对船体梁极限承载能力研究拥有重要的意义.本文首先对船体极限强度相似模型设计进行研究,提出了稳定性相似模型补偿的设计方法;接着结合多例经典船体梁缩比模型试验与非线性有限元数值仿真计算结果相结合的对船体梁极限承载能力进行预报的案例,分别从相似准则、弯扭组合极限强度、弯剪极限强度等几个不同的侧重点分别对各个案例进行了详细的总结分析;最后列举了本研究组曾开展的其他若干经典极限强度模型试验.为今后船体梁极限承载能力模型试验研究提供了参考.     

含裂纹损伤箱型梁剩余扭转极限强度研究

针对含裂纹损伤箱型梁的剩余扭转极限强度问题,通过考虑结构特征及裂纹分布的差异性,基于净截面屈服理论提出更为准确地评估裂纹影响的剩余扭转极限强度简化计算公式,能够很好地反映裂纹损伤所导致的极限强度衰减趋势。利用非线性有限元方法,考虑中心裂纹与边缘裂纹2种裂纹形式,考察结构应力分布的变化与规律,验证扭转载荷下裂纹分布与裂纹尺寸对剩余极限强度的影响。数值计算表明,本文提出的公式具有较好的准确度。     

Numerical study on the dynamic response of a truncated ship-hull structure under asymmetrical slamming

Dynamic response of ship-hull structure under slamming has tracked widespread attention in the marine structural design. However, our understanding on the dynamic characteristics largely relies on the symmetrical slamming cases. This paper presented a preliminary numerical investigation on the dynamic response of a truncated ship-hull structure under asymmetrical slamming based on the uncoupled CFD-FE method. Asymmetrical slamming loads were predicted through combining the seakeeping analysis and CFD method. In there, three kinds of motions (vertical, horizontal and roll motions) of 2D ship sections were obtained through the seakeeping analysis and then the slamming pressure was predicted through simulating the water entry with various motions based on CFD method. The dynamic response was analyzed through finite element method. Numerical predictions including ship motions, slamming loads and dynamic analysis were validated against published experimental data and numerical calculations. The characteristics of asymmetrical slamming loads were analyzed showing obvious asymmetry in space, and the dynamic characteristic of the ship bow structure was further clarified through discussing the deformation and stress distribution. These results are useful for readers for better understanding the dynamic characteristics of the bow structure under slamming.     

The influence of fluid structure interaction modelling on the dynamic response of ships subject to collision and grounding

Analysis of the dynamic response of ships in accident scenarios requires a realistic idealisation of environmental and operational conditions by multi-physics models. This paper presents a procedure that simulates the influence of strongly coupled FSI effects on the dynamic response of ships involved in typical collision and grounding events. Our method couples an explicit 6-DoF structural dynamic finite element scheme with a hydrodynamic method accounting for (a) 6-DoF potential flow hydrodynamic actions; (b) the influence of evasive ship speed in the way of contact and (c) the effects of hydrodynamic resistance based on a RANS CFD model. Multi-physics simulations for typical accident scenarios involving passenger ships confirm that suitable FSI modelling may be critical for either collision or grounding events primarily because of the influence of hydrodynamic restoring forces.     

An experimental study on the dynamic response of a hull girder subjected to near field underwater explosion

An experiment of hull girder model subjected to near field underwater explosion at midship is implemented. High-speed photography is applied to achieve the time history of hog displacement of the hull girder model subjected to shock wave of undex. The determination method of hog distortion using these show-motion pictures is presented. The experiment also achieves the local plate distortion of the hull girder model. Based on these works, the damage mechanism and mode of hull girder subjected to near field undex at midship are discovered. Finally, the coupling effect between whole motion of hull girder and distortion of local structure is discussed.     

船体上层建筑有效性分析的简化模型

  目的  上层建筑会参与船体总纵弯曲,从而导致特殊部位的结构产生应力集中现象,对舰船结构安全造成威胁,而大尺度钢模试验则能较为真实地反映上层建筑的结构响应特征。  方法  为此,以某舰艏楼上层建筑为研究对象,通过对主船体进行结构等效简化,设计包含整个上层建筑和主船体在内的大尺度舱段缩比钢质模型,并开展中拱弯曲下的结构强度模型试验。  结果  试验结果和有限元计算结果的对比分析表明,在目标舰上层建筑舷侧开口群角隅,以及上层建筑侧壁与主船体连接的圆弧过渡段上,均存在明显的应力集中现象,上层建筑参与总纵弯曲的有效度为0.315。  结论  研究成果可为目标舰上层建筑局部结构加强或优化设计方案的制定提供参考,所建立的船体模型简化设计方法也可为舰船大尺度钢模试验模型的设计提供参考。     

自升式钻井平台结构动力响应研究与等效建模要点讨论

随着油气开采作业水深的不断增加,自升式平台的动力敏感性愈发明显,对其进行结构动力响应研究十分有必要,而结构动力响应研究的重点在于平台固有周期的计算。以某400英尺自升式钻井平台为研究对象,分析并探讨了平台结构动力响应的计算方法,重点对平台等效建模中的关键要点进行了讨论与总结,并提出新的观点。以此为依据,基于SESAM GeniE软件进行建模,计算了平台的一阶固有周期,与基本设计数据进行对比,验证了建模中关键点处理的正确性,可为自升式平台的结构动力响应研究提供参考。