6750箱集装箱船非线性波激振动和颤振响应分析

本文采用三维时域非线性水弹性方法分析了一艘6750箱集装箱船的水弹性响应以及运动和垂向弯矩特征。通过考虑入射波力、静水恢复力、砰击效应的非线性,研究了在恶劣海况下船体的非线性运动和垂向弯矩响应,同时分析了波激振动及颤振对垂向弯矩的影响。数值计算结果表明:(1)非线性入射波力对运动的影响较小,但是对垂向弯矩的影响较大,使得其有明显的倍频成分,同时中垂弯矩显著大于中拱弯矩。另外,非线性入射波力也引起了明显的非线性波激振动;(2)非线性静水恢复力对运动和载荷的影响均较大,但是没有引起明显的非线性响应。非线性计算的垂荡响应小于线性结果,而纵摇和垂向弯矩响应大于线性结果;(3)砰击效应对运动的影响较小,但对垂向弯矩的影响较大,砰击效应引起了显著的船体弹性高频振动,增大了载荷幅值,但是其引起的合成中垂和中拱幅值相差不大;(4)非线性水动力的作用主要引起垂向弯矩的倍频响应,包括倍频可能引起的二节点垂向弯矩弹性共振,而砰击效应主要引起船体二节点垂向弯矩共振;(5)本文的非线性水弹性响应计算结果与Kim给出的数值计算结果吻合很好。     

波激振动和砰击颤振对大型油船疲劳强度影响研究

文章给出线性波激振动和砰击颤振引起的大型油船结构疲劳贡献度的计算方法。基于三维线性水弹性理论可计算得到包括刚体和2节点的振动模态下的垂向弯矩的传递函数,采用谱分析法对某30万吨油船进行结构疲劳强度计算,分析波激振动对船体结构疲劳损伤影响;基于二维非线性波浪载荷程序（含砰击颤振的波浪载荷）,采用时域方法对该油船进行船体梁弯矩计算,分析砰击颤振对船体梁弯矩及疲劳载荷的影响;结果表明对于该类大型油船波激振动和砰击颤振对船体的结构疲劳损伤的影响不可忽略。     

高扬程升船机多子结构耦合系统动力特性

采用有限元软件ABAQUS构建了高扬程升船机整体有限元模型,包括地基、塔柱、承船厢、厢内水体、钢丝绳、滑轮组、平衡重和纵横导向机构。通过数值模拟,对升船机整体系统进行了动力特性分析,探讨了地基刚度及承船厢竖向位置对升船机整体结构耦合振动特性的影响。计算结果表明:不考虑地基情况下,结构的振型更为密集,低阶模态中出现了频率为零的振型,运行系统可能发生动力失稳;升船机系统出现的以承船厢为主体的绕轴翻转振型和竖向升降振型将对安全机构的强度和系统的稳定性造成不利影响;承船厢竖向位置由低到高变化时,升船机结构各阶主振型对应频率值呈递减趋势。     

超大型 VLCC 波激振动和砰击振动模型试验研究

船舶的波激振动和砰击振动对船舶结构的安全性有较大影响。文章以一艘超大型 VLCC 为研究对象,通过变截面梁分段模型试验方法对船舶在规则波和不规则波中波激振动和砰击振动响应进行了比较分析,介绍了船模波浪载荷试验中模型的设计原则,通过静水试验得到了船体梁垂向振动频率特性、振动阻尼和静水兴波弯矩等参数,通过规则波和不规则波试验分析了波高、波浪周期和装载状态等因素对波激振动和砰击振动的影响。该文的研究结果对大型船舶的结构设计具有一定的指导意义。     

Dynamic ice loads for offshore wind support structure design

For offshore wind farms which are planned in sub-arctic regions like the Baltic Sea and Bohai Bay, support structure design has to account for load effects from dynamic ice-structure interaction. There is relatively high uncertainty related to dynamic ice loads as little to no load- and response data of offshore wind turbines exposed to drifting ice exists. In the present study the potential for the development of ice-induced vibrations for an offshore wind turbine on monopile foundation is experimentally investigated. The experiments aimed to reproduce at scale the interaction of an idling and operational 14 MW turbine with ice representative of 50-year return period Southern Baltic Sea conditions. A real-time hybrid test setup was used to allow the incorporation of the specific modal properties of an offshore wind turbine at the ice action point, as well as virtual wind loading. The experiments showed that all known regimes of ice-induced vibrations develop depending on the magnitude of the ice drift speed. At low speed this is intermittent crushing and at intermediate speeds is ‘frequency lock-in’ in the second global bending mode of the turbine. For high ice speeds continuous brittle crushing was found. A new finding is the development of an interaction regime with a strongly amplified non-harmonic first-mode response of the structure, combined with higher modes after moments of global ice failure. The regime develops between speeds where intermittent crushing and frequency lock-in in the second global bending mode develop. The development of this regime can be related to the specific modal properties of the wind turbine, for which the second and third global bending mode can be easily excited at the ice action point. Preliminary numerical simulations with a phenomenological ice model coupled to a full wind turbine model show that intermittent crushing and the new regime result in the largest bending moments for a large part of the support structure. Frequency lock-in and continuous brittle crushing result in significantly smaller bending moments throughout the structure.     

集装箱船振动及响应分析

介绍了模态频率响应有限元计算方法的基本理论,以多用途集装箱船为目标船,通过建立全船三维有限元模型,用频率响应法得到船体结构的振动响应.文中还讨论了激励与响应关系、水动质量、阻尼、频率响应计算有效频率数选取等问题,以精确预报船体结构振动及响应.本文采用的分析计算方法对目标船结构振动及响应预报值,与实船试验数据具有很好的一致性.     

船舶结构复合阻尼材料减振性能实验研究

研制了一种自粘性复合阻尼减振胶板,在-30~60℃宽温域内,材料的平均损耗因子达到0.35。采用单点激励振动模态实验方法,研究了复合阻尼材料对船舶模型振动模态阻尼比的影响。采用动力设备运行模拟激励实验,研究了复合阻尼材料对船舶模型结构的阻尼减振效果。结果表明,粘贴复合阻尼材料后,船舶模型在500Hz范围内的模态阻尼比增加了6倍,船舶底舱结构的平均减振效果达到5dB,船舶甲板结构的平均减振效果达到6~11dB。实验研究结果对于船舶薄壁结构的阻尼减振设计具有参考价值。     

Ice impact response and energy dissipation characteristics of PVC foam core sandwich plates: Experimental and numerical study

In this paper, the dynamic responses and energy dissipation characteristics of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam core sandwich plates under ice impact are investigated. The ice impact tests of PVC foam core sandwich plates were conducted by employing the horizontal impact experimental apparatus. The finite element simulations were conducted to analyze the dynamic response of PVC foam core sandwich plates based on soil and concrete material model for ice impactor. It was demonstrated that numerical results were in good agreement with experimental results. The deformation modes of the top facesheets were coupling of local indentation with global bending deformation, while the deformation modes of bottom facesheets were overall bending deformation. The permanent deformation of face sheets show that the impact resistance of sandwich plate is better than that of equivalent weight hull plate (EWHP). In addition, based on the actual navigation environment of ship, the effect of impact angle and ice floe shape on dynamic response and energy dissipation are analyzed.     

环境激励下自升式海洋平台损伤诊断

为探究适用于海洋平台结构的有效损伤诊断方法,针对某自升式平台的比例模型开展环境激励下损伤诊断试验研究。分别采用频域法中的增强频域分解法和时域法中的随机子空间法处理测试数据,提取前三阶的固有频率、振型和阻尼比等模态参数,并结合频率和振型识别结果计算节点柔度矩阵。通过分析平台模型模态参数和节点柔度矩阵的变化率,识别预先设置的结构损伤。试验结果表明,两种模态识别方法均能有效识别环境激励下的平台模型模态参数,其中利用固有频率变化率能够有效判断结构是否产生损伤,利用振型和柔度矩阵的变化率能够实现损伤的准确定位。     

船用曳引式升降机动力学建模及仿真分析

对船用升降机动态特性的研究一直以来都是升降机研究领域的一个薄弱环节。针对船用升降机的特殊性,根据曳引式升降机的物理模型建立升降机垂直方向上的动力学模型,并结合模态分析法研究该模型,得出升降机位置对其固有频率的影响。以船体振动中螺旋桨和主机振动频率为激励频率,将理想电气速度曲线引入系统中,运用Matlab软件模拟系统响应的全过程,得出船用升降机的一些基本运行特性。     

前进速度对细长体在水中横向振动的影响(英文)

In this paper, the effects of forward speed on the lateral vibration of a slender structure in an infinite fluid are considered. By equating the bending stress of the structure with the hydrodynamic force acting on it, the equation which governs the fluid-structure interaction of a slender structure both vibrating and moving in water is obtained. Numerical results show that the influence of forward speed on the vibration of a slender structure in water is significant. It behaves like damping, reducing both natural frequencies and responses significantly.     

隔振器分布对浮筏隔振系统隔振性能的影响

目前,国内外对于浮筏隔振系统各个方面的研究都已很多,通常采用的是动力学建模及理论分析的方法。但此法通常是将隔振器简化为只有垂向刚度的弹簧和阻尼的单元,而忽略了隔振器的横向刚度及阻尼对系统的影响,简化模型与实际情况有一定差别,因此本文采用有限元法对浮筏隔振系统进行仿真分析。本文根据隔振器的选用及布置原则提出几种合理的布置方案,利用 ansys 有限元软件对提出的布置方案进行仿真,采用振级落差的隔振指标来评估浮筏隔振系统的隔振效果,为隔振器的布置方案设计提供一种思路。     

Vortex-induced vibration of a tension leg platform tendon: Multi-mode limit cycle oscillations

This paper studies the application of mathematical models to analyze the vortex-induced vibrations of the tendons of a given TLP along the Indian coastline, by using an analytical approach, analyzed using MATLAB. The tendon is subjected to a steady current load, which causes vortex-shedding downstream, leading to cross-flow vibrations. The magnitude of the excitation (lift and drag coefficients) depends on the vortex-shedding frequency. The resulting vibration is studied for possible resonant behavior. The excitation force is quantified empirically, the added mass by potential flow hydrodynamics, and the vibration by normal mode summation method. Non-linear viscous damping of the water is considered. The non-linear oscillations are studied by the phase-plane method, investigating the limit-cycle oscillations. The stable/unstable regions of the dynamic behavior are demarcated. The modal contribution to the total deflection is studied to establish the possibility of resonance of one of the wet modes with the vortex-shedding frequency.     

基于监测的宽窄抗冰锥体结构判据分析（英文）

Ice-induced structural vibration generally decreases with an increase in structural width at the waterline. Definitions of wide/narrow ice-resistant conical structures, according to ice-induced vibration, are directly related to structure width, sea ice parameters, and clearing modes of broken ice. This paper proposes three clearing modes for broken ice acting on conical structures: complete clearing, temporary ice pile up, and ice pile up. In this paper, sea ice clearing modes and the formation requirements of dynamic ice force are analyzed to explore criteria determining wide/narrow ice-resistant conical structures. According to the direct measurement data of typical prototype structures, quantitative criteria of the ratio of a cone width at waterline(D) to sea ice thickness(h) is proposed. If the ratio is less than 30(narrow conical structure), broken ice is completely cleared and a dynamic ice force is produced; however, if the ratio is larger than 50(wide conical structure), the front stacking of broken ice or dynamic ice force will not occur.     

Classification criterion of narrow/wide ice-resistant conical structures based on direct measurements

Ice-induced structural vibration generally decreases with an increase in structural width at the waterline. Definitions of wide/narrow ice-resistant conical structures, according to ice-induced vibration, are directly related to structure width, sea ice parameters, and clearing modes of broken ice. This paper proposes three clearing modes for broken ice against conical structures: complete clearing, temporary ice pile up, and ice pile up. In this paper, sea ice clearing modes and the formation requirements of dynamic ice force are analyzed to explore criteria determining wide/narrow ice-resistant conical structures. According to the direct measurement data of typical prototype structures, primary quantitative criterion of the ratio of a cone width at waterline (D) to sea ice thickness (h) is proposed. If the ratio is less than 30 (narrow conical structure), broken ice is completely cleared and a dynamic ice force is produced; however, if the ratio is larger than 50 (wide conical structure), the front stacking of broken ice or dynamic ice force will not occur.     

基于模态试验的舰船振动噪声预报研究

以某舰船模型为对象,利用双通道频谱分析仪,采用宽频带的快速正弦扫描激励方法,对上述船模进行模态试验分析,同时利用模态分析软件的参数识别功能,结合三维数据转换程序,识别出该船模的各阶固有频率,振型以及阻尼参数,并以图表、曲线等形式给出相应的结果。通过试验研究与振动特性分析,得到了一些有价值的结论。在此基础上,运用模态试验确定该舰船模型的水下声辐射效率,从而对舰船的水下噪声预报进行了尝试。     

船艉结构三维有限元动力分析

以艉部结构为例,阐述对船体结构进行三维有限元动力分析的基本过程和关键技术。建立艉部结构三维有限元模型,使用Fluent软件计算螺旋桨脉动压力,采用Helmholtz方法计算附连水质量;为了消除局部模态的干扰,使用模态参与因子提取结构的整体模态;计算结构的固有频率、模态、速度和加速度等动力学参数。实例分析表明所采用的分析方法能够准确预报结构的振动特性。     

Wave slamming loads on wave-piercer catamarans operating at high-speed determined by hydro-elastic segmented model experiments

Catamaran vessels operating at high-speed can be exposed to deck diving and bow damage and one resolution of this problem is the wave-piercer design of INCAT Tasmania. Owing to the complexity of the unsteady non-linear flow in the bow area during large wave encounter model testing has been undertaken to identify the peak dynamic slam loads on the ship structure. This paper provides experimental benchmark information relating to the wave slam loads on wave-piercing catamaran ferries. Since the time frames of transient slam loadings and whipping vibration of the entire hull in its first bending mode are similar it is important that the test model replicates the whipping response and therefore needs to be a hydro-elastic model. A 2.5 m hydro-elastic segmented catamaran model has been developed based on the 112 m INCAT Tasmania wave-piercer catamaran to establish the peak wave slamming loads acting on the full-scale vessel. Towing tank tests were performed in regular seas at a maximum full-scale operating speed of 38 knots. The model was instrumented to measure the dynamic slam loads acting on the centre bow and vertical bending moments acting in the demihulls of the catamaran model as a function of wave frequency and wave height. Peak slam loads measured on the centre bow were found to approach the total weight of the model, this being a broadly similar result to the peak loads measured at full-scale. It was found that global dimensionless heave and pitch accelerations peaked in the same range of encounter frequency as did the peak slam load.     

考虑船舶影响的升船机结构动力特性

运用ANSYS有限元软件建立了包含塔柱、承船厢、水体、船舶、提升系统等构件的大型垂直升船机整体模型,计算分析了升船机结构的动力特性。计算结果表明:横荡、扭转、纵荡是承船厢结构低阶主要振型。厢内有船会降低承船厢系统的自振频率,其有船与无船工况下横荡自振频率分别为0. 130 9 Hz和0. 280 5 Hz;升船机整体结构低阶特征振型主要包括整体系统的横向摆动、绕竖向的扭转、纵向摆动。承船厢内有无船舶计算得到的同种振型下升船机整体结构的自振频率相差很小,表明船舶对升船机整体结构自振特性的影响不大;承船厢位置的升高会使得升船机整体结构的自振频率降低;承船厢位置的变化对升船机低阶振型影响较大,对高阶振型的影响较小。     

压电类船舶智能结构动态特性分析

振动是存在于船体结构中的一个普遍现象,它所带来的危害一直为人们所关注.文章根据振动主动控制原理,建立了以压电陶瓷作为执行器和传感器的甲板振动主动控制模型,通过控制甲板的边界,达到减振的效果.利用结构动态特性灵敏度分析相关理论,进行了试验模型结构模态参数特征向量灵敏度分析,确定了压电陶瓷驱动器在施加控制后结构阻尼、刚度的变化对振型变化的影响程度.计算结果表明试验模型结构振动位移的减小主要取决于压电陶瓷驱动器所引起的结构阻尼变化.