半圆环壳型肋骨加强的耐压圆柱壳结构稳定性研究

耐压圆柱壳通常采用环肋加强以提高在静水外压作用下的结构稳定性.本文提出了半圆环壳型肋骨加强的耐压圆柱壳结构形式,在理论和模型试验研究的基础上建立了设计计算方法.研究结果表明:半圆环壳型肋骨与耐压壳板有两个连接点,减小了相邻两肋之间的净距离,能较大幅度地提高肋间壳板的稳定性;由于半圆环壳型肋骨侧向稳定性较大,合理设计半圆环壳半径和厚度,增加半圆环面内惯性矩,可以较大幅度地提高耐压壳总体失稳压力.     

多种型式肋骨加强的耐压圆柱壳体结构稳定性研究

耐压圆柱壳体通常采用环肋加强以提高其在静水外压作用下的结构稳定性.文中在理论分析和实例计算的基础上对多种型式肋骨加强的耐压圆柱壳体的稳定性进行了比较,比较结果表明:在肋骨用材总量相同的情况下,通过合理选择肋骨型式或合理设计肋骨尺寸,使其面内惯性矩增大,可以较大幅度地提高耐压圆柱壳体的总体失稳压力;相邻两肋之间净距离较小的肋骨,可以较大幅度地提高肋间壳板的稳定性.     

纵筋环肋圆柱壳结构理论与试验研究

在对纵筋环肋圆柱壳结构进行理论分析的基础上,建立了该结构的力学和数学模型,得出计算公式。采用理论设计公式和有限元仿真计算设计一个大比例的舱段模型,并对该模型进行外压试验。通过对理论计算结果、有限元仿真计算结果和试验数据进行对比分析,认为环肋纵筋结构能显著提高结构的承载能力。     

静水压力对水下环肋圆柱壳输入功率流的影响

研究了考虑静水压力时水下环肋圆柱壳在周向余弦线分布力激励下的输入功率流特性。圆柱壳体和外流场的振动分别由Flügge壳体方程和Helmholtz波动方程描述,静水压力的影响以额外应力的形式计入壳体振动方程当中。探讨了静水压力对输入功率流的影响。结果表明外部静水压力使输入功率流曲线沿频率轴往左移动,即往低频方向移动。静水压力越大,影响越大;周向模态数越大,影响越大。文中结果对水下环肋圆柱壳的振动与噪声控制有一定的指导意义。     

圆柱壳仅受轴向均匀外压的总稳定性分析

环肋圆柱壳存在异常特性。在异常特性区间内,其总失稳临界压力取决于仅受轴向均匀外压环肋圆柱壳的失稳临界压力。通过理论计算,揭示了环肋圆柱壳仅受轴向均于外压的失稳性质与光圆柱壳几乎一致。纵横加筋圆柱壳仅受轴向均匀外压下的失稳临界压力随肋骨尺寸或纵骨尺寸的增加而增大,随舱室长度的减小呈现先增大后减小再增大的反复递增规律。提高环肋圆柱壳在异常特性区间的失稳临界压力的有效方法是增设纵骨。     

基于双模量理论的高强度钢环肋圆柱壳 总体稳定性塑性修正方法

文章基于矩形截面压杆的双模量理论和高强度钢的材料弹塑性本构关系,建立了环肋圆柱壳结构总体稳定性塑性修正曲线及修正方法,结果表明,模型的计算结果与静水外压试验测得的塑性失稳压力值及有限元结果符合情况较好,压杆双模量理论模型虽然和环肋圆柱壳实际结构存在差异,但由此得到的塑性修正方法仍具有较好的工程精度,在应用于高强度钢环肋圆柱壳总体稳定性计算时适应性好,且形式简单,便于运用。     

凹型加肋锥-环-柱结合壳强度的模型试验研究

为考察凹型加肋锥-环-柱结合壳的力学行为,设计制作了3个凹型加肋锥-柱/锥-环-柱结合壳系列精车模型,采用分区样条等参元方法对它们进行了应力计算.分别对3个模型进行了静水外压试验,测量其应力,计算应力与实测应力吻合较好.模型试验和计算结果表明,凹型加肋锥-环-柱结合壳能有效降低锥、柱壳结合部的应力峰值.通过对模型试验结果的分析,得出了一些对指导凹型加肋锥-环-柱结合壳结构设计有实用价值的结论.     

水下环肋功能梯度材料圆柱壳耦合振动的波动解

研究了考虑功能梯度材料的水下环肋圆柱壳耦合振动特性。根据Flügge理论和正交各向异性板壳理论,采用波动法推导出静水压力下环肋FGM圆柱壳耦合振动特征方程,运用牛顿迭代法得到静水压力下环肋FGM圆柱壳的耦合频率值。经过退化计算,与已有文献的研究结果进行对比,验证了文中计算的正确性和有效性。通过算例,分析了静水压力下环肋FGM圆柱壳在不同静水压力、材料组分、体积分数、壳体尺寸、肋条尺寸和数目等情况下耦合振动的变化规律,以及这些因素对耦合频率的影响。     

撞头形状对环肋圆柱壳水下碰撞特性的影响

静水压力与径向撞击联合作用是环肋圆柱壳所面临的最危险的载荷环境之一。采用MSC.DYT-RAN非线性瞬态有限元软件,对不同静水压力下,环肋圆柱壳受不同形状撞击体撞击的过程进行数值仿真,探讨不同撞头形状对结构变形吸能及碰撞力的影响规律,比较两种静压环境下碰撞结果的差别。分析表明,不同形状的撞头主要通过尖锐程度和接触面积来影响结构的变形及吸能,两种静压影响机理不同。     

碳纤维缠绕复合材料在潜水外压容器上的应用

在铝合金圆筒体以外以浸渍树脂碳纤维进行缠绕复合增强，可大幅度提高筒体的耐静水外压能力，整体缠绕的全复合材料筒体，在耐静水外压能力及减轻自身重量方面也获得了明显的效果。此外，在铝合金细长圆管的外壁复合缠绕纤维，能有效地提高圆管对轴向压载荷的抗失稳与抗屈曲破坏能力。     

环肋柱壳在流场中声辐射性能分析

本文采用能量法，用Hamilton原理和Green函数方法研究了环肋柱壳在环频率以下频段的声辐射特性，讨论了静水压力、环肋尺寸大小和间距对其声辐射性能的影响，得出了一些有实用价值的结论，供从事潜艇减振降噪工作者参考。     

Flexural fatigue behavior of butt-welded circular concrete-filled double skin steel tube (CFDST)：Experimental study and numerical modeling

Detailed understandings on the fatigue behavior of the concrete-filled double skin steel tubes (CFDSTs) under multiaxial stress states are essential to promote their applications in marine structures. A systematical investigation consisting both the experimental study and the according numerical modeling has been conducted. Physical tests were carried out to investigate the flexural fatigue behavior of the butt-welded hollow steel tubes (HSTs), concrete-filled steel tubes (CFSTs) and CFDSTs, in which the development of fatigue cracks and the fatigue life were captured. The feasibility of applying the existing S–N curves originally obtained from the HSTs to the constitutive steel tubes within the CFDSTs has been consequently verified. A two-stages simulation method was developed to analyze the full range development of fatigue cracks based on both the damage mechanics and the extended finite element method (XFEM). The influence of the multiaxial stress states on the fatigue behavior for the constitutive steel tubes was studied quantitatively, considering the offshore application scenarios where the steel tubes within the CFDSTs were subjected to larger external hydrostatic pressure or internal transmitted content pressure. The results show that the existence of the infilled concrete can effectively improve the fatigue behavior of the steel tubes. The life prediction models for both the fatigue crack initiation stage and propagation stage have been proposed, where the crack initiation life of the steel tube may reduce by 30% when its stress triaxiality increases from 0.36 to 0.48.     

潜艇薄壁大半径圆柱壳的总稳定性

本文指出了用仅受轴向压力的无肋光壳来预报各向均匀受压的异常环肋圆柱壳的总稳定性具有足够的精度，在薄壁大半径环肋圆柱总稳定模型试验中首次观察到了纵向失稳半波数m＝5，在纵横加肋圆柱壳总稳定模型试验中证明了在异常环肋圆柱壳上增设纵骨对提高总稳定性有巨大作用。此外，还指出了本文所推荐的纵横加肋圆柱壳总稳定理论临界压力公式是各种有关公式中最合适的计算公式．     

Stability characteristics of ring-stiffened cylindrical shells under different longitudinal and transverse external pressures

Because ring-stiffened cylindrical shell structures have many merits, they are widely used in many areas. However, as the strength of steel increase continuously, ensuring of the structure stability is becoming more and more important. Therefore, it is necessary to carry on a more particular analysis. Based on the understanding and analysis of the characteristics of stability for a ring-stiffened cylindrical shell under uniform external pressure and under external single pressure, the characteristics under different cross uniform external pressures are analyzed, and the regularity of it is also gotten. The curve of stability given various geometrical parameters under different cross uniform external pressures is protracted by the analysis of the theory. The conclusion not only improves the theory structural mechanics, it also was important effects on engineering calculation and design.     

Investigation on structural performance predictions of double-bottom tankers during shoal grounding accidents

An investigation is carried out in this paper for the predictions of structural performance of double-bottom tankers during ship grounding over the “shoal” type seabed obstacles. Hong and Amdahl developed a simplified analytical model for the unstiffened double bottom. This method is carefully studied, verified and then used as the first stage of our prediction. The second stage is concerned with stiffeners since stiffeners are indispensable components for double-bottom tankers. A prevailing way to handle is to smear stiffeners onto their attached plating known as the smeared thickness method. However, the effective ratio in this method is dubious in such shoal grounding accidents. Proper values of this parameter are determined in stage two, and then together with the method in stage one, constitute a reliable and efficient tool for structural performance predictions of double-bottom structures in shoal grounding accidents.A double-bottom tanker is chosen as object for the case study. Finite element models of the hold both stiffened and unstiffened are created for numerical simulations using the LS_DYNA software. Simulation cases cover a wide range of slope angles of the indenter and indentations. Numerical results show that Hong and Amdahl's model in stage one is capable of predicting energy dissipation with high precision but poor accuracy for grounding resistances, and a possible reason may be the neglect of vertical resistance. The updated smeared method proposed in stage two is also proved to be capable of grasping major characteristics of stiffeners. Results and conclusions drawn from this paper can be conveniently applied for assessments of the performance of ship double-bottom structures during shoal sliding grounding scenarios, and will benefit the application of accidental limit state design concept in the ship design stage.     

Numerical investigation on the ultimate strength of stiffened cylindrical shells considering residual stresses and shakedown

In this paper, the effects of residual stresses on the ultimate strength of stiffened cylinders are numerically investigated with an emphasis on shakedown which might occur during the service of these structures. Residual stresses caused by two types of actions, namely, cold bending and welding, are simulated with simplified approaches in numerical analysis. Cold bending stresses are simulated by simulating cold rolling and elastic springback until the desired curvature for cylindrical shell is obtained. Welding is simulated by applying cooling down to a certain temperature on the elements adjacent to stiffener-shell joints to obtain weld-shrinkage with realistic magnitudes. Six small-scale externally pressurized ring-stiffened cylinder models are utilized to evaluate the appropriateness of the method for inclusion of welding residual stresses in numerical analysis by comparing the experimental and numerical results. Ultimate strength analyses are then performed for a reference ring-stiffened cylinder model under radial pressure and stringer-stiffened cylinder under axial loading. To assess the effect of shakedown, after applying cyclic compressive loading to the ring-stiffened cylinder model, the level of stress relief and the change in the ultimate strength are evaluated.     

Strength and stability of double cylindrical shell structure subjected to hydrostatic external pressure—II: stability

This paper is the second part of the structure study of double cylindrical shell subjected to hydrostatic external pressure. The author makes researches on the relationship between inner and outer shells of pressurized double cylinders using equilibrium conditions of forces and deformation compatibility conditions with ring plate orthogonally connected to inner and outer shells and puts forward the expressions of longitudinal and circumferential forces of double pressurized cylinder. In this paper, equilibrium equations are established for a double cylindrical shell stiffened longitudinally and transversely and subjected to uniform hydrostatic external pressure by using an adjacent equilibrium method and a solution with high accuracy is presented to calculate theoretically critical pressures of panel buckling and interframe shell buckling. The solution can be used to both the double and single cylindrical shells without longitudinal stiffeners and therefore, it may be applied widely with higher accuracy. Also, some simplified formulae for the engineering application are given to calculate the panel buckling and the interframe shell buckling strengh.     

复合材料纵横加筋圆柱壳自由振动分析

使用能量法分析了两端简支复合材料纵横加筋圆柱壳的自由振动特性,从Love's理论出发,分别计算壳体面板和纵横加筋结构的应变能和动能,然后代入Lagrange方程得到频率方程.通过比较,文中的计算方法所得到的结果与文献比较吻合.采用平均法计算的结果比采用离散方法计算的结果偏小.最后还研究了壳体和加筋结构参数以及静水压力的变化对圆柱壳自由振动频率的影响.文中利用平均法来处理加筋结构,简化理论推导并减少了计算.     

Predicting the collapse of externally pressurised ring-stiffened cylinders using finite element analysis

This paper describes the application of finite element (FE) analysis to the prediction of the non-linear elasto-plastic collapse of ring-stiffened cylinders under hydrostatic loading. A range of legacy experimental test models have been analysed using FE idealisations generated using measured as-built shape data including out-of-circularity (OOC), frame alignment and tilt and other scantlings. The FE models also explicitly included the residual stresses caused by cold bending. Short and long ring-stiffened cylinders, which were designed to isolate interframe and overall collapse modes, respectively, were considered as were some intermediate length cylinders where the possibility of interactive collapse was also present. In general, the collapse pressures were predicted to within 6%. However, for some of the interframe collapse models, it was necessary to use the minimum measured plate thickness to achieve this. This was largely attributable to the limited measured plate thickness data.     

计及频率约束的潜艇环肋圆柱壳优化设计研究

基于多岛遗传算法,研究了环肋圆柱壳静水压力作用下,考虑强度和稳定性约束和频率约束时质量最轻的优化设计问题,讨论了强度约束和稳定性与频率约束以及材料、几何参数对优化结果的影响.环肋圆柱壳经优化后,壳板的质量比例大约是70%,肋骨质量占30%,并且随壳体的长径比(L/R)变化不大.环肋圆柱壳的优化中,肋骨的应力约束是主要约束,肋骨应力已经非常接近许用应力标准,其他应力、局部和总体失稳压力还有一定的储备.提高材料的屈服极限,可以显著降低总质量,但是肋骨也很接近许用应力标准.