基于ANSYS的输流管道流固耦合特性分析

应用有限元分析软件ANSYS对输流管道在不同约束条件下进行流固耦合动力学模拟计算和模态分析,得到输流管道在不同约束方式下管壁特征点径向位移、应力与固支点反作用力历程图、固有频率及振型,计算结果对优化管道系统和维护管道系统运行有一定的指导意义。     

减摇鳍与船体的适配性数值模拟

利用计算流体力学方法对减摇鳍与船体之间的适配性问题进行研究。利用零航速减摇鳍的参数以及某型驱逐舰的船型型值表,分别建立在敞水条件下的减摇鳍模型以及加上减摇鳍的船体模型。首先,仿真分析在中、高航速下敞水条件的减摇鳍与受船体约束减摇鳍的静态水动力特性。其次,利用动网格技术分别分析在中、高航速和低航速下敞水条件的减摇鳍与受船体约束减摇鳍的动态水动力特性。计算结果分析表明：静态仿真时,虽然受船体约束减摇鳍的失速角没有敞水条件下的减摇鳍大,但在同样的攻角下,其升力系数却有较大的提高;在动态仿真中,无论是在中、高航速还是低航速下,受船体约束减摇鳍拍击产生的升力都要比敞水条件下的减摇鳍大,但同时产生的阻力以及所需的转鳍力矩也有较大的提高。     

Dynamic behavior of conveying-fluid pipes with variable wall thickness through circumferential and axial directions

In addition to the traditional hollow circular sections used in marine structures, other hollow sections have attracted the attention of architects and design engineers due to their mechanical characteristics such as torsional rigidity and local strength against impact loading. The purpose of this study is to investigate dynamic response of pipes conveying fluid with variable wall thickness through both circumferential and axial directions. Pipes with variable wall thickness have different flexural rigidities about two different principal axes. This property allows these pipes to be oriented efficiently, meet various design requirements and resist the applied loads. The results of this investigation provide a better insight into the physics and dynamic behavior of non-circular pipes conveying fluid. Two different geometries are studied, (i) the pipe is assumed with a general non-circular cross section with variable wall thickness along the circumferential direction, (ii) both inner and outer boundaries of the pipe cross section are assumed to be circles whereas the wall thickness of the pipe along axial direction is varied with a specified function. The governing differential equations of the problem are derived using Timoshenko beam theory with the effect of shear deformation included in the formulation. The discretization of the problem domain is done using the finite element method. Consequently, a modal analysis is employed to calculate the critical flow velocities of the pipe with clamped-clamped end conditions. The effects of different cross sections on the critical flow velocity are investigated. The importance of Coriolis forces on the presence of coupled-mode flutter and re-stabilization point are also discussed for different values of mass ratio.     

CFD理论黏性流场中三维振动水翼的非定常水动力性能(英文)

The motion of the fins and control surfaces of underwater vehicles in a fluid is an interesting and challenging research subject. Typically the effect of fin oscillations on the fluid flow around such a body is highly unsteady, generating vortices and requiring detailed analysis of fluid-structure interactions. An understanding of the complexities of such flows is of interest to engineers developing vehicles capable of high dynamic performance in their propulsion and maneuvering. In the present study, a CFD based RANS simulation of a 3-D fin body moving in a viscous fluid was developed. It investigated hydrodynamic performance by evaluating the hydrodynamic coefficients (lift, drag and moment) at two different oscillating frequencies. A parametric analysis of the factors that affect the hydrodynamic performance of the fin body was done, along with a comparison of results from experiments. The results of the simulation were found in close agreement with experimental results and this validated the simulation as an effective tool for evaluation of the unsteady hydrodynamic coefficients of 3-D fins. This work can be further be used for analysis of the stability and maneuverability of fin actuated underwater vehicles.     

使用粒子群优化模型开展水下管道冲刷研究中的ANFIS网络优化方法研究（英文）

In general, submerged pipes passing over the sedimentary bed of seas are installed for transmitting oil and gas to coastal regions.The stability of submerged pipes can be threatened with waves and coastal flows occurring at coastal regions. In this study, for the first time, the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) is optimized using the particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm, and a meta-heuristic artificial intelligence model is developed for simulating the scour pattern around submerged pipes located in sedimentary beds. Afterward, six ANFIS-PSO models are developed by means of parameters affecting the scour depth.Then, the superior model is detected through sensitivity analysis. This model has the function of all input parameters. The calculated correlation coefficient and scatter index for this model are 0.993 and 0.047, respectively. The ratio of the pipe distance from the sedimentary bed to the submerged pipe diameter is introduced as the most effective input parameter. PSO significantly improves the performance of the ANFIS model. Approximately 36% of the scour depths simulated using the ANFIS model have an error less than 5%, whereas the value for ANFIS-PSO is roughly 72%.     

弹性通舱管件设计研究

为减少振动能量沿管路的传播,设计了海水管路和一般管路的弹性通舱管件.对这两型弹性通舱管件制订了技术参数,进行了多种方案对比分析后,各确定了两种方案.然后根据实船使用状况对这两型方案采用有限元法进行了静力分析、密性分析和隔振性能分析,还进行了疲劳试验.结果表明:对于通舱管件,在过流件和安装件之间嵌入减振橡胶这样一种设计形式,有效地降低了管路系统振动噪声由通舱管件向舱壁和船体的传递;并能在保障该产品功能和安全性的同时,满足所确定的各项性能参数和声隐身性能等技术要求.该弹性通舱管件可靠性高、减振性能好,并且满足上船安装和使用的相关要求.     

梯形载荷作用下功能梯度简支梁弯曲的解析解

基于应力函数法,对梯形分布载荷作用下、材料属性在厚度上任意变化的功能梯度简支梁弯曲问题的解析解进行了研究。首先引入了一个应力函数,根据平面应力问题的基本方程,得出了功能梯度梁的应力函数应满足的偏微分方程,并根据应力边界条件得出了应力函数及各向应力的表达式;进而根据功能梯度材料的本构方程和位移边界条件,得出了各向应变与位移的显式解析表达式。在算例中,分别采用文中方法和经典理论对均质各向同性梁进行求解,验证了文中方法的正确性;并求解了材料组分呈幂律分布的功能梯度梁的应力和位移分布,分析了上下表层材料的弹性模量比λ与组分材料体积分数指数 n 对应力和位移分布的影响。     

机器鳕鱼胸鳍/尾鳍协同推进直线游动动力学建模与实验研究

设计了一种二自由度胸鳍/尾鳍协同推进的仿生机器鳕鱼,其胸鳍推进机构不仅能够单独实现前后拍翼运动、摇翼运动以及两者的复合运动,而且还可与尾鳍实现协同推进,进而分别建立了胸鳍单独推进、胸鳍/尾鳍协同推进时的水动力学模型。数值仿真及实验结果均表明,胸鳍复合运动与尾鳍协同推进时,仿生机器鱼游速最快,可达0.30 m/s,胸鳍摇翼运动推进时游速最低,仅为0.05 m/s,其他推进方式的游速介于二者之间,但均能够实现稳定的游动。与现有结果相比,所设计仿生机器鱼直线游动模态多样,稳定游速可选范围较宽,机动性较好。     

用MATLAB的特征值函数计算载流管系的振动模态

运用Matlab工具箱中提供的两个计算特征值的函数EIG和EIGS,结合载流管系运动方程的特点,提出了一个用函数EIG和EIGS求解非比例阻尼系统特征值的方法,实践证明该方法快捷有效,为问题的解决开辟了一条捷径。     

仿生机器鱼胸尾鳍协同推进的水动力学分析

利用CFD技术对仿箱鲀科胸尾鳍协同推进机器鱼的水动力学特性进行分析,将整个机器鱼放入流场,对其胸鳍推进模式、尾鳍推进模式和胸尾鳍协同推进模式的水动力学特性进行对比,得出不同模式下机器鱼水动力学的变化规律。分析得出,在压力变化云图中,胸尾鳍协同推进产生的压力变化最为复杂;在速度涡量变化图中,胸尾鳍协同推进产生最为复杂的涡量变化,胸鳍运动产生的涡会逐渐脱落向后移动,与尾鳍产生的涡互相作用,增加尾鳍的推力,从而证明胸尾鳍协同推进模式是一种高效的推进机制。     

基于Winding number积分方法求解输流管特征方程

Winding number积分方法是一种用于求解复特征值问题的有效方法。在用传递矩阵法分析输流管道的稳定性时,最终需要求解临界流速的特征方程。该特征方程属于复特征值问题,可应用Winding number积分方法来很好的处理。本文以输流直管为例,阐述了该方法的基本思想和计算的方法及步骤,并对典型边界条件下的特征方程进行求解,验证了Winding number积分方法在求解复数方程根时的有效性。最后,在此基础上研究了弹性支撑的刚度系数对输流管道稳定性的影响。     

复合驱动仿生胸鳍机构设计与水动力研究

针对仿鱼型海洋探测机器人低速时的机动性问题,受鹞鲼鱼类依靠胸鳍摆动实现各种水下运动的启发,设计出一种基于共融理论的复合驱动刚-柔多体耦合仿生鱼胸鳍机构。通过构建基于三维非定常湍流控制方程组的柔性鳍摆动系统水动力学模型,研究仿生胸鳍柔性鳍面摆动时周围压力和速度场的变化情况,分析不同摆动幅度和频率下鳍面的水动力学特性,揭示仿生鹞鲼机器鱼的水下运动机理,对摆动胸鳍的水动力进行仿真。结论表明:鳍面摆动时周围的漩涡能够引起胸鳍面上推力、升力及侧向力按类似正弦变化,而推进力和侧向力的大小随摆动幅值和摆动频率增加而增大。     

A finite element model for unbonded flexible pipe under combined axisymmetric and bending loads

Flexible pipes are key equipment for offshore oil and gas production systems, conveying fluids between the platform and subsea wells. The structural arrangement of unbonded flexible pipes is quite complex, encompassing several layers with polymeric, metallic and textile materials. Different topologies and a large amount of intricate nonlinear contact interactions between and within their components, especially because of the relative stick-slip mechanism during bending, makes numerical analysis challenging. This paper presents an alternative three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model that describes the response of flexible pipes subjected to combined axisymmetric and bending loads. To simulate the response of a flexible pipe under axial tension or compression combined with uniform curvature, an equivalent thermal loading is employed on the external sheath, which is modelled as an orthotropic thermal expansion material with temperature-independent mechanical properties. To assess the feasibility of the proposed model, the bending moment versus curvature of the finite element solution is compared with experimental results obtained in literature and good agreements are found between them. Detailed finite element results such as contact pressures, armour wire slip displacements and friction, normal and transverse bending stresses are also shown and compared with available analytical models.     

船用复合材料管路振动特性试验研究

为研究船舶中复合材料充液管路的减振特性,首先采用几何尺寸相同的复合材料直管和钢直管进行振动响应对比分析。通过直管的四端阻抗测试,获得2种材料直管的传递矩阵,对比分析复合材料管路与钢管的振动传递损失。然后对2种材料直管进行自由边界下的模态测试,获取管路的阻尼系数。试验结果表明:在满足输水性能和结构强度的前提下,复合材料管路只是同几何尺寸钢管质量的一半,复合材料管的固有模态频率要低于钢管,模态阻尼系数却远大于钢管。在2500 Hz内复合材料管的横向振动传递损失优于钢管;而轴向传递损失在低频段要劣于钢管,高频段又优于钢管。因此在减振性能上,复合材料管更利于振动能量在传播过程中的衰减。研究成果可为复合材料在船舶充液管路减振降噪中的应用提供参考。     

基于多目标遗传算法的SWATH船稳定鳍优化设计

针对稳定鳍的各参数对SWATH船纵向运动性能具有较大影响的特点,建立了稳定鳍的多目标优化模型,并运用基于Pareto解的多目标遗传算法对其求解.然后,以SWATH-6A为例对稳定鳍进行了优化设计.从仿真结果来看,在相同条件下优化得到的稳定鳍能使SWATH船具有更好的纵向运动性能.因此,本文的优化方法是合理的、有效的,有一定应用价值.     

The impact of periodic axial loads on nonlinear dynamic instability behavior of Inconel 625 pipes

In various engineering fields like aerospace and aircraft structures or marine and offshore platforms, constitutive material of critical components should be made of specific materials that can work properly in the required workspace. Such materials must have excellent properties such as high mechanical strength as well as great resistance to corrosion, oxidation, and creep. Inconel 625 is a superalloy that is chosen as constitutive material of critical components due to its great abilities. On the other hand, since investigating Inconel 625 pipe has not been done yet, different mechanical characteristics of using structures made of Inconel 625 should be assessed. Additionally, doing so would be necessary to gather information for current industrial affairs and also future investigations. Therefore, the nonlinear dynamic instability response of axially loaded Inconel 625 pipes is investigated in the current article. The pipe structure is modeled via the Donnell shell theory and nonlinear von Kármán theory. The motion equations of pipes are established by applying the Hamiltonian approach. Then, in order to alter the nonlinear derived partial differential equations into the Mathieu-Hill equation, both Navier's solution and Airy stress function are implemented. Additionally, the amplitudes of steady-state oscillation of the Inconel 625 pipe are determined by employing Bolotin's method. Eventually, the impacts of various effective parameters on the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of Inconel 625 pipes are evaluated. The results indicate static and dynamic load factors possess a remarkable effect on instability exciting areas and steady-state vibration amplitudes of pipe. Moreover, the dynamic instability response of the pipe is dependent on the radius-to-thickness and length-to-radius ratios, and also how the ratios are affected depends on the wave number.     

Stress and failure analyses of thermoplastic composite pipes subjected to torsion and thermomechanical loading

The interest of using thermoplastic composite pipes has increased in offshore deepwater oil fields. Thermoplastic composite pipes consist of several carbon/glass fiber reinforced laminate layers to confer stiffness and strength located between inner and outer homogeneous thermoplastic layers for fluid containment and protection. This paper presents a theoretical analysis for thermoplastic composite pipes under combined pure torsion and thermomechanical loading from operational thermal gradients, considering the inner and outer isotropic homogeneous layers and intermediate transversely isotropic laminate ply layers. Perfect bond between adjacent layers and interfaces continuities are assumed. Based on the obtained stresses in the principal material directions, through-thickness failure indexes related to the von Mises and Maximum Stress or Tsai-Hill criteria are respectively evaluated for homogeneous and laminate layers. For each thermal gradient, the limit torque (i.e. when the failure index is equal to 1) is calculated. From the case study, it is observed that without thermal loading or for small operational temperature, failure occurs in the laminate, otherwise it is observed in the inner homogeneous layer. The thickness of the homogeneous layer significantly affects the limit torque and the absolute values of the limit clockwise and anticlockwise torque slightly differ when the operational temperature is included.     

船用柴油机燃油管系减振研究

为解决某船用柴油机燃油管系低压管路振动强烈问题,实船测量了燃油管路和主机振动、燃油脉冲压力和管路固有频率,确定喷油泵柱塞间隙性进、回油诱导管路内燃油压力脉动是激励管路振动的主要原因。从结构和流体两个角度分析了管系减振的方法,通过加焊马脚改变管系的刚度和加装阻尼器降低燃油脉冲强度两种方法来降低管路的振动。试验结果表明,两种方法皆有效地降低了管路的振动,特别是阻尼器从源头降低燃油脉冲能量的减振效果更明显。     

基于鳍片式热电模组的船舶柴油机废气余热利用及其影响因素分析

摘 要：设计了一种鳍片式热电转换模组,并将其应用在船舶柴油机废气余热回收系统中,通过理论和实验,分析鳍片式热电转换系统的影响因素。结果表明：当柴油机负荷为75%,热电晶片总数为1428,排气温度550K 时,设计的鳍片式热电模组发电功率为6.72kW,热电转换效率可达5.42%。排气温度、冷却水温度以及柴油机负荷都会影响热电转换系统性能。随着柴油机负荷的提高,热电转换系统发电功率和转换效率也随之增大,但负荷在75%之前增大的幅度大于从75%~100%的负荷。热电模组鳍片数量会影响转换系统的热端温度和传热量,在条件允许范围内,可通过增加鳍片数目,提高废热回收效率。     

On the effect of the ply stacking sequence on the failure of composite pipes under external pressure

The use of high performance structural composites has become very important over the last decades, especially where weight is an essential factor. Particularly in the oil and gas industry, several designs of composite pipes for deep water applications have been recently proposed as competitive solutions against traditional steel pipes. Thus, it is important to assess the performance of composite pipes under high external pressure in order to avoid pipe failure or overconservative designs. In this paper, experimental tests of different composite pipe configurations are performed and then compared to analytical and numerical predictions. Unlike the case of internal pressure loads, the collapse pressure of composite pipes depends on the initial ovality and on the ply stacking sequence. The collapse resistance of different composite pipes is firstly studied through simplified analytical equations combined with different failure criteria. Then, a finite element model is developed using a progressive failure criterion [1]. Both analytical and numerical failure predictions were compared to experimental tests carried out on four composite pipes produced with different ply stacking sequence by the filament winding method [2]. An experimental-numerical-analytical comparison shows that numerical and analytical models provide results in good agreement with those obtained experimentally. Finally, a parametric analysis is carried out to show the effect of ovality and ply stacking sequence on the failure pressure of composite pipes.