CFD理论黏性流场中三维振动水翼的非定常水动力性能

The motion of the fins and control surfaces of underwater vehicles in a fluid is an interesting and challenging research subject. Typically the effect of fin oscillations on the fluid flow around such a body is highly unsteady, generating vortices and requiring detailed analysis of fluid-structure interactions. An understanding of the complexities of such flows is of interest to engineers developing vehicles capable of high dynamic performance in their propulsion and maneuvering. In the present study, a CFD based RANS simulation of a 3-D fin body moving in a viscous fluid was developed. It investigated hydrodynamic performance by evaluating the hydrodynamic coefficients (lift, drag and moment) at two different oscillating frequencies. A parametric analysis of the factors that affect the hydrodynamic performance of the fin body was done, along with a comparison of results from experiments. The results of the simulation were found in close agreement with experimental results and this validated the simulation as an effective tool for evaluation of the unsteady hydrodynamic coefficients of 3-D fins. This work can be further be used for analysis of the stability and maneuverability of fin actuated underwater vehicles.     

Research on the calculation method of penetration resistance of bucket foundation for offshore wind turbines

The cost of foundations for offshore wind turbines constitutes approximately 35% of the total cost of an offshore wind farm. The bucket foundations show significant potential due to their superior transportation and installation efficiencies compared to pile foundations, leading to potential cost savings for the foundation of up to 30%. For a bucket foundation to be installed successfully, the penetration resistance must be predicted. However, there is currently a lack of clarity on how to select a suitable calculation method for penetration resistance based on known geological parameters to guide construction. In order to evaluate the current methods of calculation for bucket foundation penetration resistance, this study combines theoretical calculation methods with two sets of practical measurement data from the field. The calculation methods of penetration resistance for bucket foundation are first reviewed and categorized. The applicability range of each method and the parameters needed for calculation are given. Next, according to the measured data in the process of penetration of bucket foundation on site, the evolution of compartment pressure, tilt angle, resistance and required suction in the process of penetration are analyzed. Finally, the reviewed methods are compared to the results of two practical projects in order to analyze the differences between them and make recommendations for the calculation technique. The findings can be used as a guide for calculating the bucket foundation's penetration resistance in complex geological conditions.     

破冰船阻力性能预报方法综述

随着近年来北极航道的通航以及各国对北极油气资源的开发,破冰船在极地开发领域的重要性也随之凸显。而破冰船阻力性能作为直接决定破冰船破冰能力的一项关键指标,对破冰船的设计和优化有重要的意义。由于国内对冰阻力的研究开展较晚,缺乏相关参考。本文针对实船试验、模型试验和理论预报等国际上研究破冰船阻力性能的主要手段进行介绍,并分析各种方法的优势及缺点,以便于国内研究者开展关于破冰船阻力的研究工作。     

面元法预估导管螺旋桨定常性能的一种简便方法

用基于速度势的低阶面元法建立预估导管螺旋桨定常性能的计算方法,即对导管和螺旋桨都采用面元法,在计算面元的影响系数时计入导管和螺旋桨的相互影响。将对JD简易导管桨的计算与实验结果进行比较表明,该方法可以有效地应用于导管桨的定常性能计算。     

一种丰满船型的兴波阻力计算方法

提出一种部分计及自由面粘性效应及表面张力影响的完全非线性自由面边界条件,以该条件计算了方形系数Cb为0.8的Todd 60船型的非线性兴波问题,计算结果表明:非线性迭代的收敛性得到改善,兴波阻力被夸大的倾向有所改进。     

平整冰中破冰船操纵性能初步预报方法

  目的  为了分析冰区航行船舶与碎冰之间的相互作用,  方法  运用离散元模型结合欧拉多相流,对船舶在碎冰区域航行时船体与碎冰之间的相互作用关系进行探索。计算不同航速、不同碎冰密集度下船体的受力情况,并对冰船接触冰时的运动响应进行分析,从直观上解释碎冰阻力的变化原因,以及桨前来冰的运动情况。  结果  得出船体所受冰阻力主要是由碎冰与船体表面的摩擦和碰撞产生,并随航速的增大而增大,但当航速增大到一定值后,碎冰阻力不再增加,甚至还有减小的趋势。  结论  研究的工作可为冰区船型优化及其螺旋桨设计提供理论支撑。     

基于变流阻系数的船舶海水冷却管网水力特性研究

准确计算管网摩阻系数,对具有复杂流态船舶流体管网的优化设计、运行、管理及工作特性实时调节和准确计算都有重要意义。本文提出采用“变流阻系数”方法,在计算中实时更新任意迭代时步的各管网分支流阻系数,基于图论理论,在MATLAB软件中编程实现。理论计算与实验结果进行了对比,两者具有较好的一致性。研究发现,相比定流阻系数方法,利用变流阻系数网络解算算法对船舶海水冷却管网进行水力分析,可以大大减小解算误差,提高解算精度。     

振动反馈主动控制的功率流计算方法研究

功率流是评价隔振效果的有效指标之一,但是如何计算主动隔振中的功率流实用方法仍然有限.有限元是工程上实用的方法,文中提出了在有限元分析基础上实现反馈控制的丰动减振的功率流计算方法,并举例验证了计算方法的有效性.在此基础上还给出了优化设计方法,可作为主动控制设计参考.     

基于VOF方法的细线列阵稳定器近水面阻力计算

应用流体体积法（Volume of Fluid,VOF）模型跟踪稳定器近水面拖动时的自由液面的变化,利用计算流体动力学软件FLUENT对线列阵稳定器近水面的阻力性能进行数值模拟,分析研究了近水面兴波对其阻力性能的影响。分别计算了在不同水深的静水和有波浪载荷工况下近水面拖动时不同种类的线列阵稳定器的阻力大小,并将数值模拟的结果与水池实验结果进行对比。结果表明,稳定器在近水面无波和有波情况下的阻力大小均比深水域静水的阻力要大,而且在有波情况与相对浸深为0.3时的阻力性能基本相等。     

基于大涡模拟和Kirchhoff积分方法的孔腔流动发声机理分析

孔腔流动与流激噪声是流声耦合研究领域的重要课题。文章基于大涡模拟方法与Kirchhoff积分,探讨了水中孔腔流动的发声机理。由孔腔流动振荡模态分析可知,在水中较低马赫数情况下,流体共振模态极难存在,故而流体动力振荡是产生孔腔流激噪声的根源,从而揭示了孔腔流激噪声形成的机理。进而又基于Kirchhoff控制面积分与物体壁面积分,辨识了偶极子声源和四极子声源对于流激噪声影响量级以及频谱分布规律,并结合流体动力声源的数学表达、Lighthill应力张量的频谱分析和壁面效应分析,指出了孔腔中涡旋对于流场脉动量声学效应的输运作用是孔腔流激噪声传播的成因,从而揭示了孔腔流激噪声传播的机理。     

A simplified analytical method to estimate the resistance of plane lock gates impacted by river barges

This paper presents a simplified analytical method to evaluate the resistance of a single plating lock gate impacted by a river barge. The approach is based on the assumption that the gate behavior may be divided into two successive phases. At the beginning of the collision, local crushing of some structural elements occurs concomitantly with small overall elastic motion of the entire gate. Then, when the penetration of the barge into the gate becomes important, a global plastic mechanism develops over the entire structure. In addition to the membrane and bending deformations occurring classically in such collisions, the particular flat shape of the striking barge bow leads to shear deformations near the gate edges. For all these deformation modes, closed-form expressions of the gate resistance are derived for both local and global deformation phases by applying the upper-bound method. These analytical developments are then validated through comparisons with numerical solutions obtained from non-linear finite-element simulations.     

无限区域二维势流直接边界元法精度分析

边界元法作为一种重要的数值方法已在许多领域得到广泛应用,但在船舶水动力势流理论数值计算方面,有关直接边界元法的研究并不充分,尤其是在船舶兴波阻力势流理论求解方面,以往的“面元法”通常是基于Hess-Smith法的间接法,这类方法在理论和数值计算上都存在着缺陷。针对船舶水动力势流理论计算,采用直接边界元法,对二维势流无界绕流算例进行系统的数值计算,并根据二维势流问题的计算结果详细探讨边界单元离散形式和单元上的数值积分方法对计算精度的影响,各项数值计算均以Matlab软件编程实现。结果表明,采用常数单元和龙贝格积分法能够得到较准确的结果,且计算速度较快。     

Response of benthic infauna and epifauna to ocean disposal of red clay dredged material in the New York Bight: A study using sediment-profile imaging, surface imaging and traditional methods

In 1997, approximately 1 million cubic yards of consolidated red clay was dredged from Newark Bay in New Jersey and deposited on the seafloor at an open-water dredged material disposal site located on the inner continental shelf of the New York Bight. To address concerns about the ability of benthic organisms to colonize the seafloor deposits of this compact, organic-poor red clay, monitoring surveys were conducted in 1998 (1 year after disposal) and 2002 (5 years after disposal). The surveys used a combination of sediment imaging and traditional grab sampling methods to characterize physical and biological conditions over the surface of the red clay deposits in comparison to nearby reference areas consisting of either naturally-occurring, sandy surface sediments or deposits of unconsolidated, muddy dredged material. Sediment-surface and sediment-profile images (SPI) collected in summer 2002 indicated that the surface of the red clay deposits had become much smoother and more heterogeneous in texture compared to images collected in 1998. The images also indicated that these deposits had become colonized to a much greater degree by relatively abundant and diverse infaunal and epifaunal communities compared to 1998. Taxonomic analysis of benthic grab samples confirmed the imaging results and indicated relatively high infaunal organism abundance and diversity over the red clay deposits in 2002 compared to the reference areas. However, the structure of the benthic community inhabiting the red clay was fundamentally different from the communities in the reference areas, due to the differences in sediment texture and composition. The combination of imaging and traditional taxonomic approaches used in this study provided much greater insight on the red clay colonization process than either approach by itself.     

An approximate method to generate average stress–strain curve with the effect of residual stresses for rectangular plates under uniaxial compression in ship structures

The average stress–strain curve for rectangular plates under uniaxial compression in ship hull structures is generated on the basis of the existing design formulae. The dual-term equation for ultimate strength of uniaxially compressed plates is employed to generate the average stress–strain curve for long plates. Two alternatives proposed by Faulkner and Frankland, respectively, are considered. An approximate method to take into account the effect of residual stresses is proposed. By investigating the variation of the stress distribution at different stages of compression, the average stress–strain relationship of the rectangular long plates with the effect of residual stresses is derived from equilibrium. The behaviors of the wide plates are also discussed. The assumption proposed by Valsgard for the idealized stress distribution of wide plates under uniaxial compression is adopted. The average stress–strain relationship for wide plates is derived from the existing design formulae. Two equations proposed by Hughes and recommended by API for critical stress of the central portion of the wide plate are considered. The effect of residual stresses is also taken into account for wide plates.