半潜式起重工程船在海洋工程中的应用

半潜式起重工程船是一种特殊用途的船舶.较为详细地介绍了目前世界各国应用的半潜式起重工程船的工作原理、结构形式、设计难点及其主要技术配置情况.结合国内外发展现状,论述了半潜式起重工程船在海洋工程中的应用,预测了半潜式起重工程船在国内的应用前景.     

The influence of route choice and operating conditions on fuel consumption and CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> emission of ships

The influence of various parameters, such as ship initial speed (full ahead and lower engine loads), loading condition, heading angle and weather conditions on ship fuel consumption and CO₂ emission is presented. A reliable methodology for estimating the attainable ship speed, fuel consumption and CO₂ emission in different sea states is described. The speed loss is calculated by taking into account the engine and propeller performance in actual seas as well as the mass inertia of the ship. The attainable ship speed is obtained as time series. Correlation of speed loss with sea states allows predictions of propulsive performance in actual seas. If the computation is used for weather routing purposes, values for various ship initial speed, loading conditions and heading angles for each realistic sea‐state must be provided. The voluntary speed loss is taken into account. The influence of the ship speed loss on various parameters such as fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions is presented. To illustrate the presented concept, the ship speed and CO₂ emissions in various routes of the Atlantic Ocean are calculated using representative environmental design data for the track of the routes where the ship will sail.     

Splash zone lowering analysis of a large subsea spool piece

Lifting operation though the wave splash zone is challenging. Careful numerical analysis in the design phase is needed to minimize associated risks. This study addresses numerical modeling and analysis of the splash zone lowering of a large subsea spool. A typical offshore construction vessel is used for the operation. The objective is to compare the effects from different numerical methods and parameters on the allowable sea states and the operability. These methods and parameters include wave short-crestedness, shielding effects from the vessel, wave direction and wave seed number. A coupled numerical model of the spool-vessel system is established in SIMO program, which is a simulation tool for marine operations. Slamming and submergence-dependent loads on the spool during the transient lowering process are calculated. A large number of time-domain simulations has been performed to derive the allowable sea states. The operational criteria for assessment of the sea states include slack sling, snap loads in wires and clearance between spool and the vessel. Operability analysis of the operation at one reference site in the Barent Sea is established using 50-year hindcast data. The influences from different methods on the allowable sea states and the operability are compared and discussed in detail.     

大型起重铺管船稳性特点与船型设计

半潜起重铺管船是一种技术形态复杂的海洋工程船舶,随着世界各国对海洋油气资源的开发利用而日益受到重视。文章介绍了大型起重铺管船在稳性方面的特点,并分析了其对船型和主尺度选择的影响,希望能对同类船的研究提供参考。     

超宽“海上渔场”海运砰击数值模拟与分析

考虑到半潜船海上运输超宽悬垂货物过程中可能发生波浪砰击,提出利用波浪势流理论及超宽悬垂货物海运过程中砰击控制条件的数值模拟方法,以半潜式“海上渔场”载运为例,利用OCTOPUS软件建立计算模型,模拟海运过程中不同海况、航行吃水及航速情况下,船舶横摇、纵摇、垂荡、“海上渔场”砰击发生概率及砰击载荷的变化情况,“海上渔场”海运过程砰击数值模拟结果与工程实际数据十分吻合,验证了数值模拟方法的合理、可行。     

半潜式起重平台拆解作业安全监测系统研究

半潜式起重平台是海上导管架平台退役拆解的主要装备。本文以半潜式起重平台拆解作业安全为对象,研发了一种监测系统。针对其拆解作业过程中的各类风险,开展了监测系统设计需求分析并制定了整体方案;选择适用的传感器进行合理布置,实现了数据的采集与传输。研究了安全评估指标分级划分,建立了以三级报警机制为框架的安全评估体系;监测软件包括户权限管理、数据分析、数据查询、安全报警、监测日报等五大功能模块,实现了安全风险的实时监测和自动报警,可对半潜式起重平台拆解作业进行安全监测。     

Simulation of the mean zero-up-crossing wave period using artificial neural networks trained with a simulated annealing algorithm

The aim of this work was to develop a predictive model to forecast the mean zero-up-crossing wave periods (T _z ) for 3-hourly sea states at a location in the Pacific using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Seven multilayer ANNs were trained with a simulated annealing algorithm. The output of each trained ANN was used to estimate each of the seven parameters of a new distribution called the hepta-parameter spline proposed for the conditional distribution of T _z , given some mean zero-up-crossing wave periods and significant wave heights. After estimating the parameters of the distribution, the model was used to simulate and predict future values of T _z . Forecasting a sea state and developing the joint distribution of sea state characteristics with the help of the simulated characteristics are also discussed in this article.     

深水半潜式起重船J-Lay系统布置研究

为适应多功能作业需求,大型深水半潜式起重船往往配备J型铺管系统。由于起重船吊机占有很大甲板面积和重量,J型铺管系统的布置对结构强度、船舶稳性等都有较大影响。通过对国际上已有深水半潜式起重船J-lay系统的布置方案进行对比分析,提出了深水半潜式起重船J-Lay系统布置的优选方案。     

船舶液压起重机延迟反馈吊重消摆控制

由于操纵和工作环境的变化,起重机的吊重在工作过程中会产生摆动,这种摆动降低了起重机的工作效率和安全性能。文章以集美大学轮机工程实验中心船舶液压起重机为研究对象,采用机电液仿真建模技术及拉格朗日方程,在MATLAB Simulink仿真软件平台上,建立起重机操作液压系统及吊重摆动模型,采用与试验数据对比的方法对所建立的模型进行验证。设计基于吊重摆动位置延迟反馈的控制器,通过将延迟反馈信号叠加到操作信号上的方法实现吊重的消摆控制。结果表明,在各种操作情况下,延迟反馈控制器均能很好地抑制吊重的摆动。     

半潜式生产平台立柱与上部模块连接结构设计优化及可靠性分析

半潜式生产平台是一种适用深海油气资源开发的主流装备,相比半潜式钻井平台,其在结构强度和疲劳分析方面有更高的要求。文章在规范设计及校核的基础上,采用三维结构有限元数值分析法,对半潜式生产平台关键结构优化设计和可靠性分析进行研究,以求平台关键结构区域应力状态更合理优化;基于蒙特卡洛法,针对海洋工程环境条件的复杂性和不确定性,引入载荷随机概率变化设定,进一步对关键结构进行可靠性分析及优化,以关注结构强度的可靠性。     

A systemic review of shipboard SCR installations in practice

Growing customer demands and more stringent regulations to reduce harmful air emissions from ships have resulted in an increased interest for the installation of shipboard abatement technologies. Specifically, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) was early adopted by several Swedish shipping companies. The potential NO_x reduction efficiency of the SCR is well established, but the practical experiences of shipboard installations have been less documented. This paper reviews from a systems perspective the practical experiences of marine SCR installations in Swedish shipping. The aim is to identify important not only technical but also human and organizational conditions necessary for safe, efficient, and sustainable SCR operations at sea. Further, to investigate to what extent the capabilities and limitations of human operators and maintainers are taken into account in the design and installation phase of the systems. Two focus group interviews (n?=?10) and five individual interviews were held with relevant stakeholders in the industry, following a semi-structured schedule on the themes installation, operation, maintenance, and training. The results show that deficiencies in the overall system design—with a combination of technical issues, maintenance access problems, and untrained operators with inadequate understanding of the SCR process—have led to inefficient, costly, and unsafe operations. It is concluded that installations and operations of marine SCR systems, and possibly other forthcoming abatement technologies, would benefit from the use of traditional ergonomic principles and methods. This would in turn contribute towards increased sustainability and a reduced environmental impact from shipping.     

论发展我国的海上起重抢险打捞作业

〔〕本文论述了我国海上起重抢险打捞作业的重要意义。使用大型海洋起重船进行起重打捞是一种新型的打捞方法,具有快速、强力、作业安全可靠的特点。起重打捞作业方法的实现,使海上抢险打捞的业绩达到了新的高度。     

“南海Ⅰ号”整体起浮方案的设计与施工工艺

打捞“南海Ⅰ号”古沉船的钢沉井总重超过了起重船“华天龙”的起重能力,无法直接将其从海里吊上运输驳船。为了解决起重船吊重能力不足的问题,采取使用起重船和半潜驳一起合作来起浮沉井的方法,成功将钢沉井吊移上了半潜驳。     

半潜式平台结构屈曲强度评估

半潜式平台是海洋工程领域重要的浮式装置,采用直接计算法对某半潜式平台结构的屈曲强度进行了评估.首先,对半潜式平台结构进行有限元模型化,然后根据海况不同将静水、正常工作和风暴自存三种状态划分为48种计算工况,利用频域内的三维线性水动力理论和设计波法计算半潜式平台在各工况下的波浪载荷,同时考虑各工况下的莫里森力、风载荷、锚链预张力、吊车载荷和钻井载荷等载荷,进而计算平台在48种工况下的应力响应.最后根据ABS规范对平台结构进行屈曲强度校核.结果表明,屈曲强度是平台结构强度的重要指标之一,应在设计时给予合理评价,评估结果可为半潜式平台设计开发提供参考.     

半潜式起重铺管船总强度直接计算研究

半潜式起重铺管船由上平台中若干立柱和横撑以及两个下浮体组成。工作和运营时的结构受力十分复杂,文中采用直接计算方法,对各种典型工况进行有限元计算,对半潜式起重铺管船总强度载荷模式,主要载荷传递路径和结构设计关键区域进行分析和论述。     

The impact of port operations on efficient ship operation from both economic and environmental perspectives

Recently, shipping lines have focused on efficient ship operation, which relates to energy efficiency issues in shipping and, particularly, to operational issues such that the minimisation of fuel consumption and resulting greenhouse gas emissions. Efficient ship operation in container lines is closely related to the ship’s time at sea and ship’s time in port. Reduction in port time, thanks to high-quality port operations, allows improvement in the operational efficiency of a liner service by reducing the fuel consumption of a ship at sea and its resulting CO₂ emissions. The main goal of this article is to investigate how time in port affects efficient ship operation in terms of operating costs, CO₂ emissions and externalities. For this, as a methodology, a simulation based upon system dynamics is introduced. Major finding is that less time in port resulting from the improvement of port operations contributes to efficient ship operation in terms of operating costs, amount of CO₂ emissions and external effects in the liner shipping industry. In particular, a sensitivity analysis on efficient ship operation vis-à-vis the quality of port operation shows that bigger ships need to select highly productive calling ports that provide less time in port.     

可伸缩全回转推进器安装工艺研究

本文对全球最大的750 DP3半潜式居住平台上的可伸缩全回转推进器的构造、工作原理及安装工艺进行了详尽阐述,并对安装过程中的重点和难点进行了研究和攻关。该平台上5台可伸缩全回转推进器,已成功安装并经过海上试验,获得船东船检的高度认可。本文所论述的工艺研究,为同类型的海洋平台上的可伸缩全回转推进器安装,提供了重要参考依据。