Study on the automatic optimization design of the cross-sectional layout of an umbilical with layers based on the GA-GLM

Marine umbilical provides the remote control function for offshore oil and gas exploitation, which is usually integrated by different functional components that vary widely in their mechanical properties. Under the action of external load, unreasonable cross-sectional layouts may lead to large cross-sectional deformation and contact pressure between components thus affecting the service life of an umbilical. Therefore, how to design the cross-sectional layout is a very necessary research work in order to improve service life of the umbilical to withstand various loads during operation. At present, the research on the cross-sectional layout of an umbilical is not sufficient, and there is no standardized design method in the design specification. Considering the mechanical and geometrical properties as the quantitative design objectives, the mathematical optimization model of the cross-sectional layout of an umbilical is proposed. Meanwhile, the layering strategy is introduced because of the processing and manufacturing factors.Then, the genetic algorithm (GA) with good global search performance and the generalized Lagrange multiplier (GLM) with fast convergence speed are combined to solve the above model. Finally, taking an umbilical as an example, the optimal cross-sectional layout is obtained and the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by the numerical simulation. The results show that the optimization method proposed in this paper can quickly obtain the optimal design cross-sectional layout, and supply a specific way for the fast design of an umbilical, which has the certain engineering application value.     

基于一体化平台的海洋脐带缆设计

针对深海脐带缆工程设计过程,使用一体化的海洋工程设计平台进行脐带缆的截面选型、线形设计、强度分析、规范校核。并使用一体化平台实现脐带缆的建模,计算工况设置,生成计算模型,导入商业软件分析和结果处理过程。在设计阶段对多种截面在多种工况条件下进行模拟,得到各截面脐带缆关键性能参数,通过脐带缆方案比选,确定脐带缆设计方案。     

海洋动态缆缓 S型布置及参数灵敏度分析

文章基于对某浅水缓 S 线型布置的动态脐带缆的研究,确定了线型的主要设计参数为顶部悬挂角,中水浮拱的浮力、水平位置和垂直位置。并借助 Orcflex 软件对动态缆的响应进行非线性时域分析,研究动态缆的初始形状、曲率、张力对不同的线型设计参数的灵敏度,阐述了设计参数变化对脐带缆的力学性能影响的一般规律,为动态脐带缆的线型设计提供参考。     

基于神经网络理论的船舶结构可靠性优化设计

本文将人工神经网络理论应用于船舶纵向结构的可靠性优化设计中，采用模拟退火和玻尔茨曼机原理，在优化过程中可避开局部最优解，取得系统的近似最优解。     

深水系泊缆绳动力特性研究

考虑波浪、海流、顶部浮体运动与海底接触效应的影响,依据集中质量法建立系泊缆绳柔性力学模型,以一座深水半潜式平台的系泊系统为例,对比研究了各种因素对于缆绳动态张力与水中构型的影响程度,最后采用模型试验方法对数值计算结果进行验证。研究表明：缆绳的动态系泊张力主要由浮体运动所引起,可达总张力的20%左右,海流流速可使得缆绳形态出现大变形,导致缆绳卧底长度发生明显改变,危及平台作业安全,波浪与海底摩擦对于缆绳响应的直接作用较小,设计阶段基本可以忽略不计。     

Time series prediction based on LSTM neural network for top tension response of umbilical cables

The umbilical cable is an essential component of offshore oil and gas extraction systems. The severe marine environment poses a high challenge to the safety of the umbilical cable structure during operation. The analysis of an umbilical cable requires complex and resource-demanding finite element time-domain simulations to obtain their nonlinear dynamic response. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of structural safety monitoring and real-time assessment of remaining life of umbilical cables under extreme sea states, there is a great need to predict the dynamic response of umbilical cables quickly and accurately during operation, for ease of making fast decisions for system operation and maintenance before the arrival of extreme sea states. Given the strong nonlinear function-approximation ability of the neural network, this study proposes an efficient method for the prediction of the time series of umbilical cable top tension response based on LSTM (long short-term memory) neural network. We use LSTM neural network and ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) model in a real engineering case for time series prediction of the top tension response of the umbilical cable, and the results of the two models are analyzed and compared, and the efficiency and accuracy of the LSTM neural network model are verified. Furthermore, the hyperparameter, dataset and generalization ability of LSTM model are discussed. The results indicate that feasibility of the tension response prediction of umbilical cables under dynamic load in complex marine environments.     

深水海洋工程多功能立式管线铺设系统

介绍一种集成深水柔性管与脐带缆铺设、Reel与J-lay钢管铺设、水下结构物安装于一体的多功能立式管道铺设系统构成与设备特点。该系统可以安装在一艘中小型动力定位船舶上,其显著特点是可通过可移动式张紧器和J-lay铺管作业线的设计实现多种作业模式的快速转换,从而使船舶作业功能和灵活性大为提高,对于我国深水油气开发作业装备和多功能作业船的研究及设计建造有一定的借鉴意义。     

Hydrodynamic response of a passive shape-adaptive composite hydrofoil

The primary objective of this paper is to present cavitation tunnel tests performed on an optimised shape-adaptive composite hydrofoil and compare the results to other composite hydrofoils. The optimised composite hydrofoil was designed based on prior literature and was manufactured using an optimised ply orientation schedule and a pre-twist. In the same experiment schedule a composite hydrofoil that has a ply orientation that is opposite to the optimised hydrofoil was also tested. In addition to the cavitation tunnel experiments, the paper also presents results predicted from FEA and CFD simulations for the optimised hydrofoil and compares the results from numerical methods to experiments. The results show that the optimised hydrofoil has an improved L/D ratio and a delayed stall phenomenon compared to other hydrofoils. Furthermore, due to the pre-twisted optimised geometry, the hydrofoil does not suffer from loss of lift at low angles of attack. The experimental results demonstrated the importance of characterising the performance of flexible shape-adaptive hydrofoils based on the actual velocity of the flow in addition to the conventional characterisation based on Reynold's number. Additional numerical simulations were performed to investigate the hydrofoils observed load dependant deformation behaviour. These results clearly show that for the same Reynold's number, the hydrofoil can have an appreciably different response if the flow velocity is different.     

Design,modelling, and analysis of a large floating dock for spar floating wind turbine installation

Installation of floating wind turbines at the offshore site is a challenging task. A significant part of the time efficiency and costs are related to the installation methods which are sensitive to weather conditions. This study investigates a large floating dock concept, which can be used to shield a floating wind turbine during installation of tower, nacelle, and rotor onto a spar foundation. In this paper, the concept is described in detail, and a design optimisation is carried out using simple design constraints. Hydrodynamic analysis and dynamic response analysis of the coupled system of the optimum dock and spar are conducted. Two spars of different sizes are considered, and the motion responses of the spars with and without the dock in irregular waves are compared. Through analysis of the motion spectra and response statistics, dynamic characteristics of the coupled system is revealed. The present design of the dock reduces the platform-pitch responses of the spars and potentially facilitates blade mating, but may deteriorate the heave velocity of the spars in swell conditions. Finally, future design aspects of the floating dock are discussed.     

抗冰海洋平台的全寿命优化设计Ⅱ—算法与应用

针对抗冰海洋平台全寿命优化设计模型中的不同类型可靠度分析问题,提出了相应的计算方法,包括冰区导管架平台整体抗力和极值冰力响应的概率统计特性及整体可靠度的高效近似算法,基于首次超越破坏机制的海洋平台冰振动力可靠性分析,基于等效应力幅值近似计算的疲劳寿命分析等。最后,以渤海某抗冰平台为例,实现了全寿命总费用最小的抗冰海洋平台优化设计。结果表明,基于风险的全寿命优化模型比基于规范的静力设计和仅考虑动力的最优设计相比更加合理。     

Methodology for global structural load effect analysis of the semi-submersible hull of floating wind turbines under still water,wind, and wave loads

In designing the support structures of floating wind turbines (FWTs), a key challenge is to determine the load effects (at the cross-sectional load and stress level). This is because FWTs are subjected to complex global, local, static, and dynamic loads in stochastic environmental conditions. Up to now, most of the studies of FWTs have focused on the dynamic motion characteristics of FWTs, while minimal research has touched upon the internal load effects of the support structure. However, a good understanding of the structural load effects is essential since it is the basis for achieving a good design. Motivated by the situation, this study deals with the global load effect analysis for FWT support structures. A semi-submersible hull of a 10-MW FWT is used in the case study. A novel analysis method is employed to obtain the time-domain internal load effects of the floater, which account for the static and dynamic global loads under the still water, wind, and wave loads and associated motions. The investigation of the internal stresses resulting from various global loads under operational and parked conditions and the dynamic behavior of the structural load effects in various environmental conditions are made. The dominating load components for structural responses of the semi-submersible floater and the significant dynamic characteristics under different wind and wave conditions are identified. The dynamic load effects of the floating support structure are investigated by considering the influence of the second-order wave loads, viscous drag loads induced global motions, and wind and wave misalignments. The main results are discussed, and the main findings are summarized. The insights gained provide a basis for improving the design and analysis of FWT support structures.     

高桩码头固有频率敏感性与相关性分析

高桩码头构件众多,不同位置、程度、数量的构件损伤会对码头动力特性造成不同的影响。采用概率灵敏度分析方法,研究混凝土基桩损伤、上部结构损伤等情况下码头动力特性的变化。通过建立高桩码头有限元模型,分析不同参数对码头整体动力特性的影响,发现码头结构动力特性对土体参数、桩有效截面面积以及部分桩的弹性模量较为敏感;对横梁和纵梁的损伤并不敏感;码头前三阶自振频率的变化可以作为反映整体损伤的指标,四阶以上频率因其振型为桩自身的局部振型,其频率值仅对部分单桩损伤敏感,而对其他桩的损伤不敏感;码头前三阶频率间相关性强,三阶以上频率与前三阶频率中等强度相关。     

Configuration estimation method for preliminary cost of ships based on engineering bills of materials

Ships are complex engineering structures that are designed and built on the basis of technical experience. A shipowner will often be required to estimate the price of a new ship on the basis of the value of comparable ships identified in trade journals. Similarly, shipbuilders are often interested in estimating approximate costs during the tendering phase in order to determine whether a ship is likely to be competitive for a particular order. Thus, when designing a ship prior to having obtained a contract, one of the most important processes is the estimation of approximate costs, including materials, associated labor, and overhead. During this preliminary design phase, the design is temporary and subject to change based on variations in the shipowner’s requirements. Hence, quick and flexible responses are key during this period and an integral aspect of the competitive powers of the shipbuilder. Given this environment, we propose a “configuration estimation method.” Our method is based on the configuration design method that is widely used in three-dimensional (3D) computer aided design (CAD) systems. We assume that a product lifecycle management system is furnished and that the cost is then estimated via the configuration of the ship, using an engineering bill of materials (E-BOM). In referring to the E-BOM, we utilize technical parametric costs derived from similar ships built previously. Using the proposed method, it is possible to obtain an accurate list of materials from the quotation, as well as a detailed work assessment for labor costs and overhead rates, so that reliable cost estimates can be generated quickly and flexibly. To demonstrate the practical applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method, we implement the prototype of a shipbuilding configuration estimation system by using a Microsoft Structured Query Language database and an E-BOM from AVEVA Marine version 12.01, which is a representative CAD system for shipbuilding.     

Optimisation of laser-welded sandwich panels with multiple design constraints

This paper investigates the possibilities for structural optimisation of laser-welded sandwich panels with an adhesively bonded core and uni-directional vertical webs. Closed form expressions for the equivalent stiffness and elastic buckling strength of laser-welded sandwich panels are discussed and numerically evaluated to demonstrate the effect of parameter variations on stress and deflection. Due to the number of design variables and constraints a structural optimisation method based on the method of moving asymptotes (MMA) is implemented and used to minimise the structural weight per square meter of panel for a typical accommodation deck configuration. It is concluded that, within the span of production parameters and rule requirements, substantial improvements can be made with or without an adhesively bonded core. Without core material and without any changes to the surrounding structure the structural weight for standard production panels can be reduced considerably, by reducing the face plate thickness and by using thinner and fewer webs. Additional weight can be saved by removing all but a few webs and injecting low-cost polyurethane foam into the cavities, giving added thermal–acoustic insulation, or by incorporating a more structural core with greater thickness and higher density, by which the free span of the sandwich panel can be increased.     

Nonlinear numerical analysis and progressive damage assessment of a cable-stayed bridge pier subjected to ship collision

Despite many studies on barge collisions with girder bridges in the literature, this paper investigates the progressive damage behaviors and nonlinear failure modes of a cable-stayed bridge pier subjected to ship collisions using finite element (FE) simulations in LS-DYNA. The damages in the pier initiate with appearing of local shear failures in the slender columns during the ship collision stage and reach the severe cross-sectional fractures associated with the formation of plastic hinges which causes the combined shear-flexural failures during the free vibration phase of the pier response. In addition, an analytical simplified model with two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) is proposed to formulate the strain rate effects of the concrete materials as the dynamic increase factors in the global responses of the impacted pier. It is found that the analytical model is able to efficiently estimate the impact responses of the structure compared to those from the FE high-resolution simulations. Moreover, three different damage indices are proposed based on the pier deflection, the internal energy absorbed by the pier, and the axial load capacity of the pier columns to classify the damage levels of the pier. Finally, an efficient damage index method is determinant by comparing the calculated results with the damage behaviors of the pier observed from the FE simulations.     

深海复合材料悬链线立管基于可靠度的优化设计

研究基于可靠度的方法,对深海复合材料悬链线立管进行优化设计分析。对于正交各向异性层合复合材料结构而言,叠层顺序不同、各层铺角变化以及层间厚度差异等都会影响到结构的承载能力,因此,有必要引进可靠度作为优化设计指标。首先,根据经典层合板理论计算整体模型的等效属性,建立悬链线立管整体分析模型,得到关键截面响应,以此作为局部分析模型的约束;然后,运用试验设计方法构建Kriging近似模型;最后,利用蒙特卡罗撒点方法对比分析确定性优化与可靠性优化的结果。研究表明：优化后的深海复合材料立管在满足应力强度设计的要求下可有效降低结构重量,所提出的基于可靠度的优化设计复合材料悬链线立管具有可行性。     

船舶制造综合生产设计中对EXCEL编制电缆册的改进与实践

船舶制造综合生产设计中,电气主干电缆册的编制是不可缺少的一环.通过编制各系统的主干电缆,统计出全船主干电缆的结点和电缆长度,算出托架以及电缆框架的尺寸,给施工提供依据.过去使用EXCEL编制电缆册,其编制和计算存在不少缺陷,现通过VBA编程语言进行了改进.计算统计中,部分过程可达到自动处理.     

一种新的船体型线自动光顺方法

提出了一种新的在船舶设计阶段光顺船体型线的自动光顺方法.文献中有两类光顺方法:局部光顺法和整体光顺法,文中的光顺方法引入控制点的权值,从而建立了局部光顺法和整体光顺法的统一优化模型.为了提高型线光顺效果,该光顺方法使曲线的应变能和曲率的变化最小,并在优化过程中保证船体型线的几何特征不变.应用该方法光顺典型的船体横剖而曲线,表明可得到满意的光顺效果.     

无粘接脐带缆轴对称响应与疲劳特性分析研究

为了提高对脐带缆力学特性的研究,便于设计,文中提出了一种脐带缆拉伸载荷作用下的理论模型.在总体控制方程中对拉伸过程中骨架层的径向缩减.针对给定的无粘结脐带缆脐,建立了有限元模型,模拟分析了骨架层的径向缩减对应力分布的影响.通过对拉伸刚度试验对比,理论分析与试验吻合度较高.基于解析模型,分析了径向缩减对拉伸刚度的影响.此外,在应力分析的基础上,对无粘结脐带缆在拉伸载荷作用下的的疲劳特性进行了研究.     

脐带缆深水安装的参数影响分析(英文)

随着水深的增加引起外部压力的增大和脐带缆的重量相应增加,且由于海洋环境载荷和浮体的运动引起复杂的动力特性使得脐带缆的受力复杂,其安全性受到很大的挑战,故深水安装是脐带缆的关键问题之一。文章详细分析了安装过程中不同浮力块的布置方式(不同尺寸,长度和布置位置)和波浪与流的方向对脐带缆的影响。利用悬链线方程构建自由悬挂的脐带缆的模型,然后施加浮力与环境载荷得到动态脐带缆的安装模型。通过对比分析表明,浮力块的布置方案和波浪与流的方向对脐带缆的安装都有很大的影响,上述这些参数在安装中需要给予重视。