铝合金舟桥结构设计与甲板力学性能研究

针对铝合金舟桥在设计、受力分析、制造工艺诸方面的技术难题,开展了“铝合金用于舟桥承重结构的设计研究”预先研究工作。通过分析和试验研究,选出5种符合舟桥结构特点和加工要求的国产铝合金材料,确定了它们的机械性能和本构模型,制定了铝合金舟桥实用的焊接制造工艺;根据铝合金材料和舟体受力特点,提出了铝合金舟体结构的设计原则和雏形;通过结构拓扑优化和尺寸优化,确定了铝合金甲板的设计方案;通过理论分析和试验研究,建立了舟体结构强度的有限元数值分析模型,分析了铝合金甲板极限承载力和破坏机理,并建立了合理的失稳模态计算模型。     

基于Simulink的带式浮桥动态仿真

A mathematical model of a ribbon pontoon bridge subjected to moving loads was formulated using the theory of simply supported beams. Two types of moving load models were used, the first a moving-constant-force model and the second a moving-mass model. Using both types of loads, the dynamic behavior of a ribbon pontoon bridge was simulated while subjected to a single moving load and then multiple moving loads. Modeling was done with the Simulink package in MATLAB software. Results indicated that the model is correct. The two types of moving load models made little difference to the response ranges when loads moved on the bridge, but made some difference to the response phases. When loads left, the amplitude of the dynamic responses induced by the moving-constant-force model load were larger than those induced by the moving-mass model. There was a great deal more difference when there were more loads.     

连续刚构桥静载试验分析与研究

采用等效加载车辆法对连续刚构桥进行静载试验。结果表明：各工况下,所测得的结构各控制截面的主要测点位移、控制应变的结构校验系数均小于1.05,强度和竖向刚度均满足设计和使用要求;各工况下,全部荷载卸除后,残余变形与量测的总变形的比值小于20%,结构处于弹性工作状态。     

Inhomogeneous wave load effects on a long,straight and side-anchored floating pontoon bridge

In this paper, we present a numerical study on the hydroelastic response of a 4.6 km long fjord crossing floating bridge subjected to wave loads. The bridge is straight in design and supported by 35 pontoons along its full length. To limit the response to horizontal loads, four clusters of deep water mooring lines are engaged to increase the transverse stiffness of the bridge. Owing to the very large span across the fjord, inhomogeneity in the wave field exists. This study examines the various effects of inhomogeneous wave loads on the dynamic responses of the floating bridge. These include the spatial variations of the wave direction, significant wave height and peak period as well as the coherence and correlation of waves along the entire length of the floating bridge. For the purpose of comparison, the dynamic bridge responses under homogeneous wave load cases are also studied. In addition, the effects of wave load components and short-crestedness are presented and discussed.     

趸船自动平衡系统

在水位落差大的区域,浮码头活动钢引桥会在趸船上长距离移动而引起趸船不同程度横倾。针对这一问题,对趸船平衡进行了研究。采用力学基本原理,介绍一种全新的趸船自动平衡系统,分析了3种不同工况条件下趸船平衡的基本受力原理、趸船自动平衡系统的设计方法以及配重的计算选取原则,并结合工程实例介绍了该系统自动平衡支座及其轨道的设计方法、位置布置原则等若干实际应用中应当注意的问题。     

基于ANSYS的预应力混凝土桁架桥设计

结合某预应力混凝土桁架桥的概念设计,基于单元刚度矩阵集成和ANSYS有限元数值模型为计算方法,分析研究该桥在静力荷载作用下的响应。通过分析腹杆及弦杆的挠度和应力分布,研究该桥的受力特点,并提出桁架桥的优化设计建议。     

Experimental and numerical study on dynamic responses of floating bridge under the shielding effect of a floating platform

A floating bridge and a floating platform can serve as a transport channel between land and sea. They will interact with each other in the wave environment. In this paper, the dynamic response characteristics of a floating bridge under irregular waves and regular waves are studied by means of model tests and numerical calculations. The results of model test and numerical calculation based on potential flow theory are basically consistent and can be mutually verified. By comparing and analyzing the dynamic response results of the floating bridge under the condition of “with floating platform” and “without floating platform”, some conclusions are drawn. The floating platform will have a shielding effect on waves coming from the sea. Due to the shielding effect of the floating platform, the motions in heave, surge and pitch of the floating bridge are evidently diminished. Among them, the motion response of the pontoon near the floating platform decreases most obviously. The floating platform provides a relatively stable marine environment for the floating bridge, thereby improving the survival state of the floating bridge.     

间隙对拼组式浮桥静态响应的影响分析

为了减小浮桥在通载状态下的结构内力及浮桥拼组拆卸的方便,拼组式浮桥通常在设计的时候就在舟节之间留有一定的连接间隙.在以往的分析中大多忽略了这种间隙对浮桥变形和受力的影响,而简单地将浮桥简化为连续或者铰接梁体系进行数值或者解析求解,这种方法并不能准确地给出桥节之间连接间隙的存在及其大小对浮桥静态响应的影响.本文以拼组式浮桥的连接间隙为研究对象,建立全桥分析的三维有限元模型,并用非线性单元的组合对浮桥连接件的力学特性进行有限元模拟,通过计算与试验结果的比较,表明了本文方法的正确性;在此基础上本文研究了浮桥在静载荷作用下的位移响应及不同位置的连接件内力与连接件间隙之间的关系,为此类浮桥的设计提供了必要的参考,并为其后续的动力分析提供了必要的理论依据.     

多模块MOB连接器动力特性研究

以7模块MOB为研究对象,利用RMFC模型,基于势流理论对7个构成模块单元进行3D水动力性能分析,计算过程中考虑了由于遮蔽效应而导致的浮体间相互作用.编制基于频域的多浮体运动和柔性连接器载荷计算程序,计算在规则波和不规则波下的连接器载荷值,并比较不同连接器刚度下各柔性连接器载荷值.计算结果表明,波浪入射角、波频、连接器刚度和海况对连接器载荷响应具有显著影响.本文的计算结果可为MOB柔性连接器设计与模块耐波性设计提供参考.     

无风撑异形钢箱拱肋系杆拱桥受力分析

介绍了无风撑异形拱桥的结构特点和设计构造,结合有限元的数值计算方法,分析了结构的主要受力特点。采用第一类弹性稳定分析方法,对成桥状态和运营状态进行了稳定性能的计算分析。结果表明：由于异型拱桥的非对称性,结构受力也呈现非对称性,拱肋应力呈S形分布。对于刚拱刚梁结构体系,桥面系刚度较大,结构的失稳主要表现在拱肋的面外失稳。     

车辆荷载作用下连续梁桥动力响应仿真分析

为研究桥梁在移动车辆荷载作用下的动力特性和承载能力,以某连续梁桥为计算实例,采用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS建立了质量-弹簧的车辆模型和桥梁结构的有限元模型,用时程分析法分析了车辆荷载作用下连续梁桥的动力响应特征,着重探讨了车辆刚度、车辆质量、行车速度等车辆荷载因素对连续梁桥动力响应的影响规律,并提出相应结论。     

6750箱集装箱船非线性波激振动和颤振响应分析

本文采用三维时域非线性水弹性方法分析了一艘6750箱集装箱船的水弹性响应以及运动和垂向弯矩特征。通过考虑入射波力、静水恢复力、砰击效应的非线性,研究了在恶劣海况下船体的非线性运动和垂向弯矩响应,同时分析了波激振动及颤振对垂向弯矩的影响。数值计算结果表明:(1)非线性入射波力对运动的影响较小,但是对垂向弯矩的影响较大,使得其有明显的倍频成分,同时中垂弯矩显著大于中拱弯矩。另外,非线性入射波力也引起了明显的非线性波激振动;(2)非线性静水恢复力对运动和载荷的影响均较大,但是没有引起明显的非线性响应。非线性计算的垂荡响应小于线性结果,而纵摇和垂向弯矩响应大于线性结果;(3)砰击效应对运动的影响较小,但对垂向弯矩的影响较大,砰击效应引起了显著的船体弹性高频振动,增大了载荷幅值,但是其引起的合成中垂和中拱幅值相差不大;(4)非线性水动力的作用主要引起垂向弯矩的倍频响应,包括倍频可能引起的二节点垂向弯矩弹性共振,而砰击效应主要引起船体二节点垂向弯矩共振;(5)本文的非线性水弹性响应计算结果与Kim给出的数值计算结果吻合很好。     

波浪作用下带式舟桥的水弹性响应研究

对于设计和使用在波浪和流作用下作业的浮桥,充分了解其水弹性性能尤为重要.就在国防和桥梁工程中极为重要的带式舟桥而言,预报其在波浪中的水弹性响应在实际工程中就显得十分必要.该文主要研究带式舟桥在波浪作用下的水弹性性能.首先,简要地介绍了预报浮桥动力响应的不同方法及它们与试验比较的结果;其次,在三维水弹性理论的基础上采用模态叠加法对带式舟桥的有限元模型进行了水弹性分析,同时与十分之一模型试验结果做了比较(该试验由上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室承担).研究表明,文中的方法计算分析波浪中浮桥的水弹性响应是可行的.     

ⅡMM-2自行舟桥水上展开的动力学研究

ⅡMM-2自行舟桥属于典型的浮基多体系统,研究将齐次矩阵方法引入浮基多体系统动力学分析,计算了ⅡMM-2自行舟桥静水中展开的横摇响应。     

纵摇容器中液体晃荡的非线性数值模拟

在海洋工程领域,液体晃荡是一种普遍存在的物理现象。对于船舶而言,转动比平动有着更重要的影响。该文针对纵摇容器中的液体晃荡问题,采用高阶边界元方法建立自由水面满足完全非线性边界条件的时域数学模型。通过大地坐标系和随体坐标系之间的坐标变换,使得计算域仅控制在随体坐标系内。求解中采用半混合欧拉—拉格朗日方法追踪流体瞬时水面,运用四阶龙格库塔方法更新下一时间步的波面和速度势。通过与已发表试验和数值结果的对比,验证了建立模型的准确性。进而开展大量数值试验研究容器纵摇运动频率、纵摇转动中心和容器中布置一竖直隔板对晃动波面与荷载的影响。     

三维复杂弹性耦合冲击隔离系统建模研究

针对带弹性筏体和弹性基础的三维复杂弹性耦合冲击隔离系统,综合运用多体动力学理论、结构动力学理论、子结构方法、有限元方法,考虑系统刚体运动与弹性振动的耦合,建立了三维复杂弹性耦合冲击隔离系统的动力学模型;编写计算程序计算系统的固有频率,并与用ANSYS软件建模计算的固有频率和实验值进行比较,结果吻合得较好,通过试验工况下计算的机组加速度响应与实测结果的比较,验证了模型的正确性;最后计算分析系统在三向冲击激励下的动力学响应,为分析浮筏系统的冲击响应控制和参数优化奠定理论基础。     

铜陵公铁两用长江大桥梁端竖向转角控制设计研究

大跨度桥梁梁端转角通常较大,对列车通过的安全性和舒适性有较大影响,应尽可能加以控制。对影响铜陵公铁两用斜拉桥梁端转角的各因素进行了对比分析,分析表明跨度布置尤其是锚跨跨度对梁端总体竖向转角影响最大。对不同的主梁梁端构造进行了研究,最终采用设置纵向加劲隔板的钢箱桥面结构形式,可有效减小梁端局部竖向转角。     

76 000 DWT散货船浮箱载船下水研究

浮箱载船下水是船舶下水方式之一,浮箱载船下水过程中,浮箱的安全是保证船舶安全下水的关键因素,因此,对浮箱安全的评估显得特别重要。对76000 DWT散货船浮箱载船下水和支墩刚度的计算进行了较详细的研究,计算结果显示下水过程中的浮箱的总纵强度和稳性满足许可要求,此船浮箱载船下水工艺可以指导其他船舶浮箱载船下水。     

Wave load computation in direct strength analysis of semi-submersible platform structures

A wave load computation approach in direct strength analysis of semi-submersible platform structures was presented in this paper. Considering the differences in shape of pontoon, column and beam, the combination of accumulative chord length cubic parameter spline theory and analytic method was adopted for generating the wet surface mesh of platform. The hydrodynamic coefficients of platform were calculated by the three-dimensional potential flow theory of the linear hydrodynamic problem for platform with low forward speed. The equation of platform motions was established and solved in frequency domain, and the responses of wave-induced loads on the platform can be obtained. With the interpolation method being utilized, the pressure loads on shell elements for finite element analysis(FEA) were converted from those on the hydrodynamic computation mesh, which pave the basis for FEA with commercial software. A computer program based on this method has been developed ,and a calculation example of semi-submersible platform was illustrated. Analysis results show that this method is a satisfying approach of wave loads computation for this kind of platform.     

浮箱举船下水的结构强度有限元分析方法

本文叙述了利用ANSYS程序对船舶产品下水时的浮箱结构强度进行详细有限元计算的方法.考虑下水船舶刚度对浮箱抗变形的作用,确定墩木反力在浮箱举船下水变形后沿纵向分布情况,提出了计算模型中的墩木反力加载技术.通过两个工程实例证明本方法可以对下水浮箱进行完整的结构强度校核,具有工程实用价值.