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社会可持续发展向汽车和发动机燃料提出了环保与节能的严格要求。本文介绍了国内外汽油清净剂的发展历史和现状,概述了汽油清净剂的作用机理,通过试验结果表明:汽油清净剂具有抑制和清除发动机沉积物的作用,可大大改善起动性能,同时在一定程度上可以降低排放。最后对我国汽油清净剂的推广和应用提出了建议。 相似文献
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阐述了转子发动机的结构和工作原理,说明了气缸型线和三角转子外廓的形成机理和结构参数.分析了转子发动机的动力性、燃油经济性、排放性及转子发动机应用中存在的问题和发展前景. 相似文献
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每一台汽油发动机的启动和运转均需要火花、燃油和压缩。当发动机不启动时,有计划的诊断步骤将帮助我们迅速确定故障的原因。本文中,将说明如何采取有计划的诊断步骤对发动机无法启动的故障进行诊断,并将解释为什么围绕基本的因素能使故障诊断工作完成得更快。汽油发动机的故障及诊断方法为:1.起动电路对于不启动故障的诊断一般总是从起动电路开始。一般的起动电路主要由蓄电池、起动机和电缆组成,这里只介绍蓄电池故障检测。蓄电池故障将是任何不启动诊断的首检目标。在启动发动机期间,蓄电池的电压是一重要因素。若蓄电池电压下降过低,则使电燃油泵不能达到最佳速度,从而使燃油传送减少;另一方面,下降过低的蓄电池电压,将影响发动机控制模块,该模块进而导致无火花、不传送燃油或导 相似文献
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目前,真正实现甲醇燃料能够在发动机及车辆正常使用,必须从燃料消耗的替比率、动力输出、日常维护费用等诸多方面,达到同使用汽油燃料相比,一个性能稳定而方便,燃料消耗费用低的水平。这一理念的实现,是建立在完善甲醇燃料两大技术系统之上的。一个技术系统是运用合理的燃料添加剂解决甲醇作为替代燃料,改变燃料自身存在的缺陷,使之成为改性甲醇燃料;另一技术系统是开发适用甲醇燃料的发动机辅助设备和日常专用维护产品。这样才能达到经济推广,广泛使用的目的。 相似文献
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本文综合分析了利用高纯CO2一步法生产甲醇时所遇到的产品酸度偏高的问题。首先介绍了甲醇的传统生产方法和高纯CO2一步法的工艺流程。接着详细探讨了甲醇产品中酸度偏高的影响因素,包括粗醇中酸性气体的带入、塔操作不当以及系统串气问题。根据这些因素,提出了一系列改进措施和建议,以期降低产品中的酸度,提高甲醇的质量。本文旨在为相关工艺的优化和产品质量的控制提供理论依据和实践指导。 相似文献
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Ingmar Andrasson 《先进运输杂志》1998,32(1):23-34
A survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996. 相似文献
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管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一(各因素的分值范围都是0~100分),为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。 相似文献
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The concept of accessibility has acquired numerous meanings along multiple dimensions during the century of its evolution. This essay argues for the salience of two dimensions: application-based and definition-based. In its application, accessibility has incorporated positive and normative dimensions which have varied in prominence over time. In its definition, accessibility has varied between a mode of evaluation incorporating measured mobility and proximity, on the one hand, and a predefined market basket of urbanist improvements to transportation and land use systems, on the other. Advocates of the accessibility shift should emphasize both the measured approach to accessibility and accessibility’s normative side. 相似文献
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The big paradigm for cities nowadays is to study the movement of pedestrians at the interface between metro and bus systems – metro–bus interchanges. When these interchanges are not well designed, walking is inefficient and can be unsafe for pedestrians. This paper analyses, by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model, metro–bus interchange spaces in order to propose planning guidelines for the city of Santiago de Chile. Specific objectives are (1) to identify the variables that provide efficiency and safety in those spaces; (2) to simulate different scenarios using the pedestrian simulation model LEGION; (3) to propose planning and design guidelines for pedestrian spaces at metro–bus interchanges; and (4) to contrast the recommendations in the recently opened terminal station on Line 1 of Metro de Santiago: Los Dominicos Station. 相似文献
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Nicholas B. Taylor 《运输规划与技术》2018,41(1):37-57
ABSTRACTPredicting the risk of traffic demands and delays exceeding critical limits at road junctions, airports, hospitals, etc., requires knowing how both mean and variance of queue size vary over time. Microscopic simulation can explore variability but is computationally demanding and gives only sample results. A computationally efficient approximation to the mean is used in many modelling tools, but only empirical extensions for variance in particular situations have been available. The paper derives theoretical formulae for time-dependent and equilibrium variance, believed to be novel and to apply generally to queues covered by the Pollaczek–Khinchin mean formula, and offering possible structural insights. These are applied in an extended approximation giving mutually consistent mean and variance estimates with improved accuracy. Tests on oversaturated peak demand cases are compared with Markov probabilistic simulation, demonstrating accuracy (R2?>?0.99) for typical random, priority-like (M/M/1) and traffic-signal-like (M/D/1) queues. Implications for risk analysis, planning and policy are considered. 相似文献
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在公路沥青混凝土路面配合比设计中,矿料配合比设计是一个重要环节。研究发现,通过使用计算机和Excel软件,在各种表格的单元格中设置相应计算公式、宏和绘图步骤,输入各种配合矿料的累计通过百分率后,通过简单的人机对话,完成各种矿料百分含量数据的输入和调整,自动生成各种图表;在质量监督中,通过现场检测混合矿料的级配,输入现场矿料、水泥混合累计通过百分率可自动判定其级配是否合格。 相似文献