轨道交通系统的节能减排应用研究

本文主要对于轨道交通系统的节能减排应用问题进行探讨,在分析轨道交通各相关系统的能耗特点基础上,重点探讨了相关的节能对策与技术,并结合地铁的实际情况,介绍各类节能技术的应用及其效果。     

NTP时间同步网络弱电系统安全监测平台研究

本文结合轨道交通既有的NTP时间同步网络的结构特点、安全隐患以及对安全措施的迫切需求,对网络内弱电系统主机的安全监测平台展开研究,重点论述安全监测平台的功能目标、系统架构及工作原理,并结合其具体实现方法及技术特点提出工程实施方案及相关的应用条件。     

低流量高速公路隧道照明节能系统设计方法

本文针对高压钠灯的性能特征,首先对车辆检测与隧道照明控制系统进行设计,建立了根据车头时距信息确定隧道照明启闭的控制算法,从而提出了一种低流量高速公路隧道照明节能系统设计方法。并通过数值仿真,模拟产生了服从移位负指数分布的车头时距信息,计算并分析了不同的低交通量条件下的隧道照明节能效果。最后通过低交通量和低交通量持续时间进行了系统效益分析,结果表明:该节能系统具备一定的效益和应用价值。     

公路隧道照明节能技术

建立既安全又经济节能的隧道照明系统,是降低隧道运营成本的关键.文章从隧道照明灯具选择、灯具布置方式、照明控制技术和系统维护等方面对隧道照明系统的节能技术进行了总结,阐述了隧道照明节能控制的几项关键技术,指出了隧道照明节能技术的未来发展方向,即为充分考虑照明灯具性能及其布置方式的优化,以及控制系统的系统化、智能化、综合化.     

光导照明系统在隧道工程中的应用试验研究

光导照明系统是一种新型的照明装置,其光源全部取自自然光线,无需任何人工能耗,属真正节能、环保、绿色的照明方式。本文以国内首次应用光导照明系统的上海长江路隧道工程为例,对光导照明系统在隧道工程及地下空间中应用的相关技术进行了试验和研究,拟为节能环保光导照明系统今后在隧道乃至地下空间内大规模应用提供技术支撑。     

探究电力工程绿色节能施工技术应用

本文探讨了绿色节能施工技术在电力工程中的应用现状与面临的挑战,并提出了相关对策。首先介绍了绿色建筑和节能施工技术的概念,随后详细探讨了电力工程中常见的绿色节能施工技术,包括高效节能照明系统、智能电网技术、高效节能空调系统和建筑外墙保温技术。通过对这些技术的应用,电力工程在能源消耗降低、环境污染减少、经济效益和社会效益提升等方面取得了显著的成果。最后,为推动电力工程绿色节能施工技术的应用,提出了政策引导、技术研发、市场推广和法律法规建设等相关对策。     

地铁项目节能措施及效果研究

随着城市轨道交通的大力发展,对于其节能措施和效果的研究意义十分重要,需要采取合理的节能措施降低项目能耗.本文对地铁项目车辆、线路、行车组织、供电、照明、房屋建筑、空调、电扶梯、给排水等专业采取的节能技术措施进行了分析;测算了采用线路节能坡、再生制动系统、变频调速自动扶梯、智能照明控制系统、LED照明、非晶合金变压器等节能技术措施后相应的节能量;同时介绍了该项目的节能管理措施.项目采取节能措施后,各能耗指标均有所下降,初、近、远期年节能率分别为12.5％、11.3％、10.6％.项目建成通车后将减少沿线交通出行总能耗.     

浅析高速公路供配电节能技术

供配电系统是高速公路中的重要组成部分,近年来随着我国高速公路建设的迅速发展,供配电系统的电力支出费用越来越大。高速公路的供配电节能技术既要保证公路电力设施的安全性又要保证其节能性,文章针对我国高速公路供配电系统的运营现状,分析供配电节能技术,希望可以有效促进我国高速公路经济效益的增长。     

RFID车辆信息管理框架研究

随着智能交通和计算机技术的发展,RFID技术越来越广泛地应用在交通系统中。然而这些系统多采用集中方式进行管理,不利用车辆数量扩展和RFID技术的大规模应用。并且各系统之间兼容性较差,难以实现信息共享。对RFID车辆信息管理框架进行了研究,以EPC和ONS为基础,提出了一种适合车辆信息管理的分布式框架及相应查询机制,并对其进行了分析。     

油田集输系统的节能途径

根据大庆油田地面工程原油集输系统的特点,针对节气、节电两个方面,分析存在的问题及节能潜力,提出符合生产实际的节能技术、设备应用模式和生产管理模式,对节能效果进行预测。     

Survey of R&D in PRT systems

A survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996.     

The Impact of Container Type Diversification on Regional British Port Development Strategies

Abstract

Despite a concentration of container traffic in the southeast of the UK over the last few decades, regional ports are attempting new development strategies to capture or retain specific traffic segments. These include intra-European short-sea traffic and a potentially increasing feeder market. These trends are reflected in the movement of different container types, which result in a number of planning challenges related to changing infrastructural and operational requirements. This paper uses highly disaggregated data on container type movements to address three issues that can inform these planning challenges. First, the imbalance of trade resulting in empty container repositioning; second, the requirement for gauge-cleared rail routes to cater for the increasing proportion of high-cube containers; and third, the specialisation of European short-sea traffic at secondary UK ports. The results reveal the disproportionate repositioning of empty containers at Scottish ports and the importance of 45?ft, high-cube and pallet-wide containers at regional ports, highlighting their focus on intra-European short-sea traffic and raising difficulties relating to their lower quality of landside infrastructure (particularly rail) in comparison to the large south-eastern ports. The potential repercussions on hinterland infrastructure development raise questions about both public and private sector responses to regional port development.     

管道风险分析指数评分法中分值调整初探

管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一（各因素的分值范围都是0～100分）,为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。     

A century of evolution of the accessibility concept

The concept of accessibility has acquired numerous meanings along multiple dimensions during the century of its evolution. This essay argues for the salience of two dimensions: application-based and definition-based. In its application, accessibility has incorporated positive and normative dimensions which have varied in prominence over time. In its definition, accessibility has varied between a mode of evaluation incorporating measured mobility and proximity, on the one hand, and a predefined market basket of urbanist improvements to transportation and land use systems, on the other. Advocates of the accessibility shift should emphasize both the measured approach to accessibility and accessibility’s normative side.     

天然气站往复式压缩机活塞失效分析

针对天然气站往复式压缩机活塞的断裂事故,运用失效分析方法,开展了活塞断口扫描电镜分析、能谱和金相分析。根据断口形貌的电镜和金相观察结果,结合理论知识,分析确定了该活塞发生断裂事故的主要原因,即在特定工况下该活塞的材料缺陷是造成断裂的主要因素。     

中国城市道路规划方位性问题研究

文章结合中国的传统建筑文化理念和现代科学原理,从历史文化、能源节约、环境保护、房地产定价、交通安全等多方面分析研究了城市道路在规划和设计时所应遵从的定向规则。     

Planning guidelines for metro–bus interchanges by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model

The big paradigm for cities nowadays is to study the movement of pedestrians at the interface between metro and bus systems – metro–bus interchanges. When these interchanges are not well designed, walking is inefficient and can be unsafe for pedestrians. This paper analyses, by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model, metro–bus interchange spaces in order to propose planning guidelines for the city of Santiago de Chile. Specific objectives are (1) to identify the variables that provide efficiency and safety in those spaces; (2) to simulate different scenarios using the pedestrian simulation model LEGION; (3) to propose planning and design guidelines for pedestrian spaces at metro–bus interchanges; and (4) to contrast the recommendations in the recently opened terminal station on Line 1 of Metro de Santiago: Los Dominicos Station.     

Predicting queue variability to enable analysis of overload risk

ABSTRACT

Predicting the risk of traffic demands and delays exceeding critical limits at road junctions, airports, hospitals, etc., requires knowing how both mean and variance of queue size vary over time. Microscopic simulation can explore variability but is computationally demanding and gives only sample results. A computationally efficient approximation to the mean is used in many modelling tools, but only empirical extensions for variance in particular situations have been available. The paper derives theoretical formulae for time-dependent and equilibrium variance, believed to be novel and to apply generally to queues covered by the Pollaczek–Khinchin mean formula, and offering possible structural insights. These are applied in an extended approximation giving mutually consistent mean and variance estimates with improved accuracy. Tests on oversaturated peak demand cases are compared with Markov probabilistic simulation, demonstrating accuracy (R^2?>?0.99) for typical random, priority-like (M/M/1) and traffic-signal-like (M/D/1) queues. Implications for risk analysis, planning and policy are considered.     

生命大过天

文章介绍了广西壮族自治区公路管理局开展专项行动,治理以桥梁为重点的交通基础设施安全隐患的情况,针对在役桥梁、在建桥梁和农村公路桥梁存在的安全隐患提出了相应的治理措施。