网约车服务对城市传统出租车使用的冲击效应

网约车服务的迅速发展对包括传统出租车在内的城市出行方式产生了重大冲击。针对传统出租车使用的冲击问题，收集中国33个地级及以上行政级别城市2010—2016年的平衡面板数据，采用双重差分法（DID）进行量化，并进行动态效应分析、稳健性检验、城市规模等级异质性和城市区位异质性分析。研究结果表明，网约车服务对传统出租车的使用产生显著的负向冲击，使传统出租车使用平均减少了25.46%；随着时间的推移，网约车服务对传统出租车使用的负向冲击呈现先加强后变弱的规律；城市规模异质性分析发现网约车服务致使超大城市中传统出租车使用减少了28.68%，致使大城市中传统出租车使用减少了22.12%；城市区位异质性分析发现网约车服务使东部城市传统出租车使用减少了27.96%，使西部城市传统出租车使用减少了21.2%。      

基于随机系数Logit模型的城市群城际出行方式选择行为研究

以粤港澳大湾区城市群的广深城际运输通道为例，分析城际运输通道中影响旅客出行方式选择行为的因素及其影响。传统的多项式Logi（tMNL）模型具有无关方案独立性，无法对不同出行者的选择偏好差异进行定量分析，故应用随机系数Logit模型分析城际交通出行选择行为。选取城际出行旅客的个人社会经济属性、心理潜变量（对交通方式舒适性、可靠性和便捷性的心理感受）、城际出行方式特征变量设计问卷。采用线上与线下相结合的方式开展问卷调查，共收集534份问卷，基于此建立并求解随机系数Logit模型。随机系数Logit模型估计结果的伪R2为0.178，表明模型具有良好的拟合度。研究结果表明:城际出行旅客的收入、职业、私家车保有情况、家庭儿童数量以及对出行方式便捷性的感知对其选择行为有显著影响；而出行方式的舒适性、可靠性对城际出行方式的选择行为影响不显著；改善交通方式的便捷性对提升城际出行方式的吸引力起关键作用。因此，在城际交通规划设计、运营管理中应着重考虑便捷性对城际交通方式选择带来的影响。      

基于二元有序概率的共享单车满意度评估方法

城市共享单车是城市绿色交通系统的组成部分,是服务公众短距离出行和公共交通接驳换乘的重要方式,在解决城市交通出行"最后一公里"问题等方面发挥了积极作用.为科学评估城市共享单车服务的满意度,采用问卷调查法和实地踏勘法采集了宁波市1212个共享单车用户有效样本,利用统计学方法构建二元有序概率(bivariate ordere...     

Exploring the possibility of MaaS service in Thailand,implications from the existing conditions and experts' opinions on “Who should be the MaaS provider in Bangkok?”

Mobility-as-a-Service or MaaS is the emerging transport solution that services a package of mobility to customers. MaaS aims to give a new travel experience to travelers, in terms of access to the services and seamless trips on one single platform. The organization of MaaS requires a new player, a MaaS provider, who mediates the travelers (customers) and transport services. The MaaS provider takes the roles of data provider, integrator, and MaaS operator. In many pilot and implementation of MaaS schemes around the world, the MaaS providers come from various stakeholders and employ various business models. MaaS providers are crucial in that they lead the cooperation among all stakeholders and are the driving force of the services. In Bangkok, Thailand, where MaaS is a relatively new concept, the identification of a suitable MaaS provider was explored. Taking the local transport conditions, both demand and service conditions, scenarios of probable MaaS providers were investigated. The study method included literature reviews and collection of present transport setting, including the organizational arrangement. Expert interview and focus group meeting were used to form a concrete understanding and to imply the possibility of the MaaS provider in Bangkok. Three scenarios of Maas providers were set: public transport service provider, private transport service provider and third party, and Public Private Partnership. The results disclose issues that need to be resolved if the stakeholder would serve as the MaaS provider. Several implications are drawn to set the directions of MaaS development and a possible MaaS provider in Bangkok.     

拥堵收费对弹性出行的小汽车使用者出行方式选择影响研究

所有出行群体中,受拥堵收费政策影响最大的是弹性出行的小汽车使用者。引入相对拥堵费作为政策变量,表征拥堵收费政策对该群体出行方式选择的影响,并基于Nested Logit模型,建立了拥堵收费影响下的出行者出行方式选择模型。利用对南京新街口商圈区域弹性出行的小汽车使用者进行的RP和SP调查所获得的数据,对模型参数进行了估计,结果显示:女性、低收入者、IC卡持有者、短途和高频出行者在面对拥堵收费政策时,更容易放弃小汽车而转向公共交通出行。利用弹性理论,分析了不同拥堵费水平下出行者对出行时间和拥堵收费政策的弹性,结果发现:①出行时间的弹性反映了出行方式的总体服务水平;②出行者在出行方式选择时对拥堵收费变得“显著”敏感的临界值为13.25元/次。      

A tool to aid redesign of flexible transport services to increase efficiency in rural transport service provision

Rural areas generally have lower and more dispersed demands for travel which cannot sustain conventional public transport services and consequently have a greater number of flexible and demand responsive transport services operating. These services usually operate on a stand-alone basis, are often subsidized and are typically only accessible by certain passenger types or for specific trip purposes. This generally results in uncoordinated and inefficient transport provision overall. The Flexible integrated transport services (FITS) system featured in this paper has been designed to address this problem. FITS can be used as a planning tool to assess potential benefits from relaxing operating constraints (e.g., a service's operating boundaries), which can potentially suggest service redesign. It also includes the capacity to assign subsidy payments on a trip by trip basis to increase cost efficiency whilst meeting a greater proportion of transport needs. The case study in the paper focusses on transport to health in the Aberdeenshire and Morayshire areas of Scotland in the UK. Despite flexible transport operators receiving public funds to meet passenger needs, this is currently being supplemented by public bodies paying large amounts in taxi fares in instances where there is a statutory obligation to provide travel but where no other suitable transport service exists. The results demonstrate the potential substantial savings which could be realized by allowing transport operators to redesign their services by relaxing constraints and by the reassignment of subsidies: resulting in more passenger demands being met and a reduction in public spending on taxi fares.     

基于潜在类别-Logit模型的共享自动驾驶汽车使用意向

自动驾驶技术和共享经济融合产生的共享自动驾驶汽车(SAV)可为人们提供优质的出行服务.为探究出行者选择SAV的行为特性,对受访者的社会经济属性、历史出行特性、行为态度特征进行调查,并采用正交试验设计出行方式选择意向调查问卷,收集到311份有效数据.为充分考虑个体异质性,利用潜在类别分析探究SAV使用者的潜在类别,并将所...     

Exploring paratransit service quality based on low-income women's perception: A case study in Dhaka city by structural equation model (SEM)

In developing countries paratransit plays a vital role as a public transport mode since mass transit system is inadequate. This research investigates low-income working womens satisfaction level on various service features of paratransit modes based on their experience. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was employed to capture low-income working women's perceptions of paratransit service quality (SQ) in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Achieving the study objective, a questionnaire survey was conducted on existing paratransit routes from Kamrangichor and Jhauchor slum areas where no bus service is available. Total 410 regular paratransit users who usually use this mode getting to and from workplace participated in the survey during July 2018. To evaluate the paratransit SQ the passengers were asked to rate their perception about 22 service attributes on a likert scale of five points. A series of SEMs were developed to explore the relationship of service features for the overall paratransit SQ. Among the five models the best one is selected by different goodness-of-fit values (CFI = 0.82, TLI = 0.79, RMSEA = 0.12, SRMR = 0.059, AIC = 18,666.94). Model 5 is the best structure developed with four latent variables: ‘Service feature’, ‘System performance’, ‘Safety and security’ and ‘Reliability’ This research explores that ‘Security of goods’, ‘Security of passengers’, ‘Movement flexibility in any road’, ‘Travel expenditure compared to other transport’, and ‘Quality of driver’ are 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th most significant variables that impact on the SQ positively, which represents the real scenario. The outcomes of this research might assist operators and policymakers in formulating policies to enhance urban paratransit SQ.     

Providing personalized system optimum traveler information in a congested traffic network with mixed users

The advancement of information and communication technology allows the use of more sophisticated information provision strategies for real-time traffic management in a congested network. This article proposes a personalized system optimum traveler information (PSOI) system under ubiquitous communication, which allows traffic system operators to fully optimize and coordinate individuals' trip plans according to the personal attributes, such as real-time location, value of time, allowable budgets for congestion tolling, and willingness to take detours. We also developed an efficient queue-based evaluation and solution heuristic algorithm using mesoscopic simulation models to solve for near-optimal PSOI strategies—route suggestions for each individual traveler. The simulation optimization algorithm can account for different information users and provide predictive information that robustly accounts for potential decisions of other travelers in real time. Case studies were carried out on a test network and a real-world network, and the proposed heuristic algorithm is proven effective. Also, sensitivity analyses show that PSOI not only is an effective traffic management method in reducing average system travel time, but also potentially provides travelers with reasonable or even shorter travel times compared with other information users. Further, simulation results showed that even in mixed traffic, PSOI is able to shorten travel times for both users without information and users of other information types. Thus, PSOI is recommended by this article as an advantageous way for next-generation advanced information systems and dynamic traffic management.     

Classification of Livebus arrivals user behavior

With the increasing use of Intelligent Transport Systems, large amounts of data are created. Innovative information services are introduced and new forms of data are available, which could be used to understand the behavior of travelers and the dynamics of people flows. This work analyzes the requests for real-time arrivals of bus routes at stops in London made by travelers using Transport for London's LiveBus Arrivals system. The available dataset consists of about one million requests for real-time arrivals for each of the 28 days under observation. These data are analyzed for different purposes. LiveBus Arrivals users are classified based on a set of features and using K-Means, Expectation Maximization, Logistic regression, One-level decision tree, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) by Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO). The results of the study indicate that the LiveBus Arrivals requests can be classified into six main behaviors. It was found that the classification-based approaches produce better results than the clustering-based ones. The most accurate results were obtained with the SVM-SMO methodology (Precision of 97%). Furthermore, the behavior within the six classes of users is analyzed to better understand how users take advantage of the LiveBus Arrivals service. It was found that the 37% of users can be classified as interchange users. This classification could form the basis of a more personalized LiveBus Arrivals application in future, which could support management and planning by revealing how public transport and related services are actually used or update information on commuters.     

多模式公共交通网络行程时间可靠性评价

随着城市经济的快速发展,以快速轨道交通与常规公共汽车交通为主体的多模式公交网络逐步成型,城市居民在多方式换乘条件下的行程时间可靠度越来越成为评价多模式公交网络服务水平的重要指标。以典型城市的多模式公交网络为研究对象,结合图论及状态增广方法描述,设计换乘次数约束下的任意OD对多路径搜索算法,建立行程时间可靠性评价模型,从而为评价和改善多模式公交网络服务水平提供有效的决策支持。     

无人驾驶汽车对中短距离市际出行方式选择行为的影响

研究了无人驾驶汽车对中短距离市际间出行选择行为的影响.基于计划行为理论,通过建立结构方程模型,构建出行者对无人驾驶汽车的感知行为控制、主观规范、行为态度和行为意向心理潜变量.然后将这些心理潜变量纳入到随机系数Logit模型建立混合选择模型.以武汉市为例进行实证研究,结果表明:在效用函数中,车内时间、出入站和候车时间,以...     

基于Logit模型的综合交通枢纽乘客出站设施选择

从选择方案特性和出行者特性两方面定性和定量地分析乘客出站设施选择的影响因素.基于Logit模型原理,选定年龄、属性、性别、负重和出行时间为特性变量,建立了乘客选择楼梯、自动扶梯或厢式电梯出站的路径选择模型.根据北京南站地铁出站乘客的RP调查数据,借助SPSS软件对模型进行了标定和检验,量化了影响因素对乘客选择行为的影响程度.所建模型准确率高达81.69%,模型结果表明,所研究的5种影响因素中,年龄、负重、属性和出站时间影响乘客出站设施选择,而性别对乘客出站设施选择基本没有影响.此研究为优化枢纽内部空间布局、评价和提高综合交通枢纽服务设施的效率提供理论依据.      

Attitude toward physical activity as a determinant of bus use intention: A case study in Asuke,Japan

This study examines the effect of people's attitudes toward physical activity on their bus use intentions in rural areas in Japan. We utilized the theory of planned behavior and designated three variables—attitude toward bus use, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control—as mediators for the hypothesized effect. Analysis results showed that attitude toward physical activity had a significant effect on bus use intention. For transport policy, this implies that improving attitudes toward physical activity can increase bus use and reduce physical inactivity, partly caused by car dependence. Results from a multiple-group analysis, for the hypothesized model, revealed that this finding is particularly valid for young people, car drivers, and people living within five minutes of the nearest bus stop. Finally, the effect of attitude toward physical activity on bus use intention is higher with the presence of mediators; these mediators help to increase the model's predictability for the variance of bus use intention from 8.6% to 64.4%.     

Mixité sociale et choix modal : importance des dimensions symboliques dans l’attrait des transports collectives

Our understanding of transport mode choice is largely based upon functional attributes, such as travel time, cost or accessibility. It is important, however, to also look at symbolic and affective attributes. Indeed, one of the main differences between mass transit and private car use is strongly symbolic: public transport compels users to confront social diversity. Given a hypothetical choice between those modes, 200 residents of the Parisian region were asked five times to evaluate (measuring usage intention on a six point scale: ?3 meaning never and +3 meaning always, with no neutral point) the attractiveness of bus versus car-based transport, according to relative travel time and bus users’ population type. The results show that the symbolic dimension (the social mix) strongly contributes to the desirability of a transport mode, as does the functional dimension (travel time).     

Study on influence of walking experience on traffic safety attitudes and values among foreign residents in Japan

The most vulnerable user in road space is still an ordinary pedestrian even though the top fatalities by traffic mode differ in countries. Thus, prioritizing/protecting vulnerable road users is essential to improve road safety. People's safety perceptions toward vulnerable users are strongly associated with surrounding elements and their own experiences, especially as pedestrians. Therefore the attitude and values toward vulnerable users would vary due to culture and customs related to walking in each country. This study examines how a walking experience change reflects people with diverse backgrounds' traffic safety attitudes by conducting an online questionnaire survey for foreigners living in Japan for five years or less. As a result, 75% of respondents walk more frequently due to increased public transportation usage. For all the respondents, the increase in the walking frequency also drives the shift in the attitude toward vulnerable users and the values regarding travel safety and comfort indirectly intermediated by the shift in attitudes toward walkability, applying structural equation modeling. To focus on the structure of the shift according to nationality, people from Southeast/South Asia, where motorcyclists are the top fatalities in the road space and somehow regarded as vulnerable road users, the increased walking experience contributes significantly to the improvement of awareness of vulnerable road users and to the formation of safety and comfort values. Regarding people from Europe/North America, although their walking frequency increases after coming to Japan, there is a static causal relationship that does not influence their attitude toward walkability or safety and comfort values. Additionally, they already have an attitude of protecting/prioritizing pedestrians and placing more importance on safety and comfort. At the same time, people from Southeast/South lacks the attitude toward pedestrians due to much less frequency of walking in daily life. It suggests that establishing safe and having comfortable pedestrian spaces and public transport in developing countries where traffic infrastructure is at the development stage will encourage people to walk and likely help foster an attitude of placing importance on safety.     

基于最大熵原理的公共交通需求预测

探讨了基于最大熵原理的公共交通需求预测模型的原理与算法。根据土地利用、人口密度和公交站点覆盖率确定各交通区的公交分担率，得出交通区公交出行量，再应用最大熵原理进行公交出行分布预测。模型引入重力式先验概率，将发生概率最大的公交出行分布视为预测的出行分布，隐含考虑了随机因素的影响，从宏观上描述了出行者的交通行为。最后以安徽省某市公共客运交通专项规划的调查数据进行预测，实例应用显示该模型计算过程简便，能准确标定参数，适用性较强。     

Development of a behaviorally induced system optimal travel demand management system

The basic design concept of most advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) is to present generic information to travelers, leaving travelers to react to the information in their own way. This “passive” way of managing traffic by providing generic traffic information makes it difficult to predict the outcome and may even incur an adverse effect, such as overreaction (also referred to as the herding effect). Active traffic and demand management (ATDM) is another approach that has received continual attention from both academic research and real-world practice, aiming to effectively influence people's travel demand, provide more travel options, coordinate between travelers, and reduce the need for travel. The research discussed in this article deals with how to provide users with a travel option that aims to minimize the marginal system impact that results from this routing. The goal of this research is to take better advantage of the available real-time traffic information provided by ATIS, to further improve the system level traffic condition from User Equilibrium (UE), or a real-world traffic system that is worse than UE, toward System Optimal (SO), and avoid passively managing traffic. A behaviorally induced, system optimal travel demand management model is presented to achieve this goal through incremental routing. Both analytical derivation and numerical analysis have been conducted on Tucson network in Arizona, as well as on the Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (CAMPO) network in Austin, TX. The outcomes of both studies show that our proposed modeling framework is promising for improving network traffic conditions toward SO, and results in substantial economic savings.     

重大疫情对乘客公共交通依赖性的影响

深入探究重大疫情对乘客公共交通使用行为和依赖性的影响,有助于针对性地改善公共交通服务质量和供需平衡情况.结合前景理论与计划行为理论,开展重大疫情时期SP/RP出行调查,从出行行为表现维度选取3个指标并利用k-means算法标定公共交通出行群体,从7个层面筛选公共交通依赖性内外部影响指标,采用结构方程模型构建重大疫情对乘...     

The travel behaviour of ride-sourcing users,and their perception of the usefulness of ride-sourcing based on the users' previous modes of transport: A case study in Bandung City,Indonesia

Research provides evidence that ride-sourcing has not only substituted for private transport but also public transport. For further investigation of this substitution effect, this paper explores the travel behaviour of ride-sourcing users and those users' socio-demographic characteristics as well as perception of the usefulness of ride-sourcing based on the users' previous modes of transport before ride-sourcing existed. For these purposes, the study collected data using a questionnaire survey in Bandung City in 2018. We found that substitution from public transport exists for younger travellers, while substitution from private transport is most likely associated with infrequent and higher-income travellers. We also found open spaces, a green environment and high interaction society in the residential environments that have more association with high-income travellers, thus associated with lower use of ride-sourcing for former private transport users. This study found that travellers who resided in areas with similar, high-income characteristics tend to have a positive appreciation of ride-sourcing. It appears that the increasing perceived usefulness does not straightforwardly increase the frequency of usage. Therefore, travellers who lived in a more high-end and active social environment might appreciate the role of ride-sourcing services in some of their trips that complement another daily trip.