Investigating the attitudes of Egyptian drivers toward traffic safety

One of the main pillars for improving road safety in any country is a good understanding of traffic safety culture and the driving behavior of local drivers. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether Egyptian drivers differ in traffic safety attitudes and level of acceptance of risky driving behavior. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the driving cognition of the participants. An exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the number of factors that differentiated the three types of drivers. Then a hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to group the drivers with similar patterns of scores on the factors into clusters. Three driver clusters emerged: The drivers in cluster 1 were “drivers who rigidly followed regulations” (51.7%). The drivers in cluster 2 were “drivers who violated safety precautions” (23.3%). The drivers in cluster 3 were “drivers who had a tendency to violate regulations” (25.0%). A similarity between the social norms and personal attitudes of drivers was found. This can be explained by the high social norm of violating traffic laws, which can lead to more drivers accepting violations. The majority of the older drivers and drivers with no violations or traffic accident on their record in the past 2 years were in cluster 1. Cluster 2 had the highest proportion of young drivers who wore their seat belts and used hands-free phones while driving. Cluster 3 drivers accepted very dangerous violations, such as texting while driving, driving while intoxicated, and driving at very high speeds. They reported significantly more traffic accidents, but no more violations than the other two clusters. The results of this study can be used to improve road safety programs for education and enforcement in Egypt.     

高速公路车辆典型交通违法行为危险度分级预警方法

高速公路不文明驾驶行为及交通违法行为的频发严重影响了高速公路交通流运行的安全与效率.基于采集的高速公路交通安全相关数据,对高速公路典型交通违法行为的危险度的分级预警方法进行了研究.针对高速公路的交通事故数据,以从恶劣天气、道路线形、违法类型的角度分析了道路交通事故与各类因素的相关性,在此基础上确定进行分级预警的影响因素.综合考虑在气象条件、交通状况、道路线形及各类违法行为,提出了层次分析与模糊评价相结合的方法,建立了针对高速公路违法行为危险性的分级预警模型,并用实际案例数据对模型的适用性进行了验证.结果显示,模型具有良好的适用性,所建立的分级预警模型可以为高速公路的主动交通预警及管理提供参考与支撑.      

A multi-country survey for collecting and analyzing facts related to road traffic safety: Legislation,enforcement, and education for safer drivers

Road traffic safety is a crucial global objective. It is important for every country to review and improve road safety policies and strategies, based on an objective understanding of its own road traffic safety situation in the world. With the aim of contributing to such a review and understanding, this study conducted a multi-country survey to gather information about various facts related to legislation, enforcement, and education, which are designed to achieve safer drivers in nine countries, by using a common format. This paper introduces the results of the survey with a particular focus on legislation and enforcement regarding speed limit violations and red-light-running as well as on education within the driving licensing systems. It highlights variations, in terms of penalty settings and enforcement levels, in different countries; it also examines the training durations necessary for acquiring a driving license and license renewal procedures. In this way, it demonstrates the potential and significance of understanding the relative position of each country in terms of road traffic safety through an international comparison despite its limited information.     

International analysis on social and personal determinants of traffic violations and accidents employing logistic regression with elastic net regularization

While the number of road fatalities is declining in developed countries, it is still increasing globally, especially in middle-and low-income countries. In addition to the driver's individual awareness and attitude toward traffic safety, various factors such as the development of road infrastructure and the legal system may have a significant influence on the occurrence of traffic accidents. Thus, it is essential to consider these factors to enhance traffic safety and achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Targets of 3.6.In this study, we developed an Elastic Net Regression model to evaluate the factors that influence an individual's traffic violations and accidents based on an international questionnaire on traffic safety attitude, country fact survey data on traffic regulations, and other statistical databases. As a result, it was revealed that: i) In addition to country-level factors, the individual's attributes and attitudes toward traffic safety have an influence on the experience of traffic violations and accidents. and ii) While the same variables regarding individual attributes and attitudes are selected for both traffic violations and accidents, the selected variables relating to country factors differ between violations and accidents.     

汽车驾驶模拟器在交通安全中的应用综述

汽车驾驶模拟器是1种研究“人‐车‐路‐环境”交通特性的重要工具,由于具有重现性好、安全性高、成本低等优势,被广泛应用于交通研究方面,尤其因其能够在危险场景中采集多种车辆数据,近年来汽车驾驶模拟器在交通安全方面的研究进展飞速。文中简要介绍了汽车驾驶模拟器的国内外发展历史,从驾驶分心、道路设计、交通设计、交通事故和驾驶疲劳5个方面梳理出汽车驾驶模拟器在交通安全领域的应用研究,并分析了这5个方面研究领域中驾驶模拟器实验的其中利弊,探讨了汽车驾驶模拟器在中国交通安全研究中的应用前景及存在的问题。      

基于动态风险饱和度的高速公路交通安全分析

为了反映高速公路运营安全状况，提出了动态风险饱和度理论，构建了动态风险饱和度模型和计算方法。依据路段不同交通饱和度下车辆的驾驶行为，以路段交通安全为约束，研究了跟车行驶和换道行驶2种驾驶状态下，考虑车速变化及雾天等特殊天气条件影响的路段平均最小安全车头时距计算方法，利用建立的安全车头时距与安全流量之间的转换关系，得到不同驾驶状态下的路段安全流量。在不同车辆驾驶状态切换阈值下，计算路段实际交通流量与路段安全流量的比值得到高速公路路段动态风险饱和度值。以G3高速公路某改扩建路段所在路网为例进行验证，计算得到了路网中各路段不同切换阈值下的动态风险饱和度值。动态风险饱和度随着交通饱和度的增大，呈现稳定的先增大后减小的规律，且在换道行驶状态时达到最大，在跟车行驶状态时开始下降，与现有交通安全状态分析相吻合。相较于交通饱和度，动态风险饱和度更能够反应出高速公路路段交通安全动态变化的规律。      

公交车驾驶人组织认同感和工作倦怠对不良驾驶行为的影响

公共交通是城市道路交通运输系统中的重要组成部分,公交车驾驶人存在的不良驾驶行为已经成为影响交通安全的最大制约因素之一,由其引发的道路交通事故给个人和社会都造成了严重损失,探索更为安全的公共交通环境显得极为重要。以公交车驾驶人为对象,探究影响公交车驾驶人驾驶行为特征的个人心理因素和组织环境因素,及其对不良驾驶行为的内在影响机制。选用工作倦怠量表（MBI-GS）、组织认同感问卷（OIQ）及驾驶行为问卷（DBQ）对844名城市公交车驾驶人展开问卷调查研究,并使用回归分析和中介检验来探究工作倦怠和组织认同感对驾驶行为的影响机制。结果表明：①32.8%的公交车驾驶人存在不良驾驶行为,错误驾驶行为显著高于违法驾驶行为。其中,在违法维度中,侵略性违法显著高于普通违法。②公交车驾驶人存在较高的组织认同感,组织认同感对不良驾驶行为具有显著的负向预测作用,对工作倦怠程度具有显著的负向预测作用;工作倦怠程度对不良驾驶行为具有显著的正向预测作用。③公交车驾驶人的工作倦怠水平在组织认同感对不良驾驶行为的影响中起到部分中介作用。该结果厘清了公交车驾驶人的工作倦怠和组织认同感对不良驾驶行为的影响机制,为进一步探究不良驾驶行为的心理干预方法提供了思路,从而达到改善城市道路公共交通安全环境的目标。     

驾驶人交通违法记分制度改进对策研究

结合我国近年来道路交通安全管理态势发展特征,重点分析了机动车驾驶人交通安全违法行为累积记分制度在设计构建和实践应用环节存在的问题,着眼于买分卖分、满分降级等社会热点问题,借鉴欧美发达国家违法记分管理的经验做法,研究提出了动态记分周期、安全驾驶记录、车险关联机制等改进对策建议,为我国驾驶人交通违法查处、道路通行秩序保障提供决策参考.     

Modeling effects of driver safety attitudes on traffic violations in China using the theory of planned behavior

Traffic violations are recognized as one of the main causes of traffic accidents and have been found to be closely associated with driver attitudes toward traffic safety. In this study, a modified theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to model the effects of driver safety attitudes on traffic violations, based on a questionnaire survey of 1505 drivers in China. In light of the strong correlations between the observed items, the items of the TPB components were grouped into several parcels, using an item-parceling method. Parcel-based structural equation modeling was then used to operationalize the modified TPB. The results indicate that the proposed model can accurately predict the occurrence of traffic violations based on the observed items related to driver traffic safety attitudes. It was found that driver attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control significantly affect traffic violations. For predicting traffic violations, driver attitudes toward traffic safety policies had the greatest influence, followed by driver attitudes toward risky driving behaviors and the attitudes of others toward risky driving behaviors. Finally, suggestions on traffic enforcement and education to reduce traffic violations are proposed based on the results.     

基于驾驶模拟技术的道路行车安全性研究综述

对驾驶模拟技术在道路行车安全领域的研究及应用现状和存在的问题进行了分析。在广泛调研国内外相关文献的基础上,对驾驶模拟器进行了分类,并总结了国内外主要代表性科研型驾驶模拟器的发展历程,分析了典型驾驶模拟器的自由度、主要特征和应用领域。以“人-车-路-环境-事故”为主线,从不良驾驶行为特性分析、车辆主动安全技术研究、道路与交通设计、车辆驾驶环境以及道路行车事故研究5个方面,系统地梳理了驾驶模拟技术在国内外道路行车安全领域的应用研究现状、存在问题以及应用展望。在不良驾驶行为特性分析方面,重点研究了运用驾驶行为特性开展分心驾驶行为和疲劳驾驶行为的识别;在车辆主动安全技术研究方面,综述了运用驾驶行为开展车辆底盘一体化控制技术、安全辅助驾驶控制技术和自动驾驶接管行为的评价研究;在道路与交通设计方面,综述了道路几何和标志标线等的设计评价;在车辆驾驶环境方面,综述了不良气象、路侧景观和交通冲突等驾驶环境对驾驶行为的影响;在道路行车事故研究方面,总结了道路行车事故再现和事故影响因素分析等内容。此外,对驾驶模拟技术进行了应用展望,主要包括特殊人群的驾驶行为特性、智能网联汽车系统的测试及验证、混合交通流环境下的行车安全问题。对未来应对驾驶模拟器的有效性评价、不适性以及二次开发等问题进行探讨,以便更好地促进驾驶模拟技术的发展。      

基于驾驶行为和信息熵的道路交通安全风险预估

为了精准有效地进行交通事故预防预警，基于车辆OBD驾驶行为数据及信息熵理论，提出了城市道路交通安全风险预估方法。首先，分析异常驾驶行为高发位置与道路交通事故发生位置的关联性；其次，构建以道路交通安全熵为一级指标，急加速率、急减速率、急转弯率、超速率、高速空挡滑行率为二级指标的道路交通安全风险预估指标体系，提出了基于改进熵权法的道路交通安全熵计算方法；然后，基于密度聚类、K-means聚类提出了道路交通安全风险等级数确定方法，并基于K-means聚类建立了风险等级阈值计算方法。研究结果表明：异常驾驶行为高发位置与交通事故发生位置具有一致性；通过对log对数底数选择优化、二级指标零值处理、指标权重分段计算3个步骤改进的熵权法，可弥补log对数函数无法计算零值指标熵值的缺陷，避免指标权重为负、指标熵值与权重反映信息不一致的现象；两步聚类避免了孤立数据点对安全风险等级划分的影响。以重庆市4条城市道路（总长约38 km）进行实例验证后得出，道路交通安全熵与交通事故表征的道路交通安全状态趋势一致；道路交通安全风险等级可划分为高、低风险2级，道路交通安全熵优化阈值为0.042，最后，风险等级划分准确率为87.88%。研究成果可为道路交通安全风险点辨识、交通事故预防预警提供有效的技术支持。     

Validation of the Driver's Angry Thoughts Questionnaire (DATQ) in a sample of professional drivers in Iran

Aggressive driving has emerged as one of the most studied behaviors in the traffic safety field, due to its association with the odds of motor vehicle crashes and especially fatal crashes. Previous research has investigated the situations which provoke anger while driving, as well as the emotional (anger) and behavioral (aggression) aspects of aggressive driving. However, surprisingly the cognitive aspects of aggressive driving have largely been neglected. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the short-forms of the Driver's Angry Thoughts Questionnaire (DATQ) and the Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX) in a sample of professional drivers. Furthermore, the study aimed to investigate the mediation effects of aggressive thoughts, as the cognitive aspect of aggressive driving, on the relationship between traffic congestion and driving aggression. To this end, 613 public transport bus drivers completed the DATQ and DAX and were also asked to report the level of traffic congestion they normally faced in their daily driving, using six pictures. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the four factor DAX and the five factor DATQ, which largely replicated the original factors. The four forms of maladaptive thoughts on the road were positively associated with aggressive driving, while the positive factor (coping self-instruction) was negatively associated with aggressive driving and traffic violations. Moreover, the results indicated that traffic congestion does not contribute directly to anger expression on the road, but rather through aggressive thoughts. This study suggests that cognitive interventions may help to eliminate aggressive driving and its adverse outcomes on traffic safety.     

基于视频检测的高速公路车辆交通行为安全状态分析

在对目前视频检测系统分析的基础上,针对交通事件检测,提出了一种从微观的角度出发,在对单个车辆交通行为状态识别和实时分析的基础上,对车辆交通安全状态进行判断的方法。首先对交通冲突冲突区进行动态和静态划分,然后将车辆行驶区域根据交通行为过程分为危险区和趋势区,并对应静态和动态冲突区分别对危险区和趋势区的判定进行分析,给出了判定算法。测试表明,本文所提算法能够在一定程度上对交通事故进行提前预警,对于减少和避免交通事故发生具有重要意义。     

Car drivers' road safety performance: A benchmark across 32 countries

The road safety performance of a country and the success of policy measures can be measured and monitored in different ways. In addition to the traditional road safety indicators based on the number of fatalities or injured people in road traffic crashes, complementary road safety performance indicators can be used in relation to vehicles, infrastructure, or road users' behaviour. The last-mentioned can be based on data from roadside surveys or from questionnaire surveys. However, results of such surveys are seldom comparable across countries due to differences in aims, scope, or methodology.This paper is based on the second edition of the E-Survey of Road Users' Attitudes (ESRA), an online survey carried out in 2018, and includes data from more than 35,000 road users across 32 countries. The objective is to present the main results of the ESRA survey regarding the four most important risky driving behaviours in traffic: driving under the influence (alcohol/drugs), speeding, mobile phone use while driving, and fatigued driving. The paper explores several aspects related to these behaviours as car driver, such as the self-declared behaviours, acceptability and risk perception, support for policy measures, and opinions on traffic rules and penalties.Results show that despite the high perception of risk and low acceptability of all the risky driving behaviours analysed, there is still a high percentage of car drivers who engage in risky behaviours in traffic in all the regions analysed. Speeding and the use of a mobile phone while driving were the most frequent self-declared behaviours. On the other hand, driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs was the least declared behaviour. Most respondents support policy measures to restrict risky behaviour in traffic and believe that traffic rules are not being checked regularly enough, and should be stricter.The ESRA survey proved to be a valuable source of information to understand the causes underlying road traffic crashes. It offers a unique database and provides policy makers and researchers with valuable insights into public perception of road safety.     

自适应前照明系统道路最小可见度评估

自适应前照明系统(AFS)是一种通过光型改变来改善道路交通的智能灯具,其作为当今世界最先进的汽车照明系统,能够有效地降低驾驶者在夜晚行车的疲劳程度,从而明显提升夜晚行车的安全性。文章以高速路段驾驶状态为基准,比较了普通近光光型和高速近光光型,对其道路照明进行最小可见度性能分析,并得出装用AFS车辆夜间道路照明最小可见度的研究结论。     

我国弱势交通参与者交通安全现状及问题分析

对我国交通中的弱势交通参与者进行界定,总结了目前我国城市交通中存在的一些有关弱势交通参与者交通安全方面的问题,详细分析了过去15年我国弱势交通参与者道路交通事故的现状与特征,研究了导致弱势交通参与者交通死亡的主要原因,并提出改善其交通安全状况的对策建议。     

面向道路交通违法行为的事理图谱构建技术

我国道路交通安全法律法规体系不断完善,要求交警部门针对具体的交通违法行为给予不同程度的处罚,为了响应国家以智慧化推动治理现代化的号召,可利用事理图谱技术构建道路交通领域知识库,揭示道路交通违法行为事件之间的逻辑关系,能快速且有效辅助处理交通违章事件.以开源数据为基础,面向道路交通违法行为构建事件语料库,通过事件抽取、关...     

灾害事件下局域路网应急疏散交通分配模型

应急疏散的目的是要在灾害发生时将处于危险地带的人群尽快转移至安全地带。针对不同灾害事件类型而引发的单源单汇、单(多)源多汇网络状态的路网疏散问题分别进行了分析。在各路段通行能力的约束条件下,以疏散交通流量最大、总疏散时间最小为优化目标,运用最小费用最大流理论建立了局域路网疏散分配模型。通过实例对模型进行了求解,并在Matlab中得到了实现。通过查找最小截量组成弧的分布位置,并对路网中最小截量组成弧的路段扩容改造,进而有效提高局域路网的应急疏散能力。     

驾驶人熟悉程度对其安全驾驶行为的影响研究综述

驾驶人作为人-车-路-环境复杂系统中最核心的因素,在交通安全中发挥最为关键的作用。聚焦驾驶人熟悉程度这一因素对道路交通事故的影响,系统地梳理和分析了驾驶人熟悉程度与交通事故的关系及其影响安全驾驶的机理等相关研究及成果。首先,基于驾驶人熟悉程度的距离维度和频率维度识别标准,分析了驾驶人对道路、环境及车辆的熟悉程度与其发生交通事故概率的关联性;其次,从驾驶人控制行为、路径选择行为及视觉行为等角度归纳了驾驶人熟悉程度影响其安全驾驶的机理;最后,就该领域面临的挑战及未来的研究趋势进行了分析和探讨,提出进一步标准化驾驶人熟悉程度指标的方法,为驾驶安全程度评价及提高交通安全提供了理论基础。针对已有相关研究的局限性及机理研究中尚不明朗的问题,后续研究需从认知心理学方面探究因道路、环境、车辆等驾驶人熟悉程度影响其安全驾驶的机理,进一步将视觉特征指标与生理指标结合以量化驾驶人熟悉程度,将此纳入到道路选择模型中。同时,从生理指标角度客观衡量驾驶人熟悉程度对其乘坐舒适度的影响,这些为提升自动驾驶技术接受度、交通安全及车辆安全提供强有力的理论基础。     

城市道路错位交叉口处理的浅见——以晋安路、向阳路与西环路交叉口为例

错位交叉口是一种特殊的平面交叉口,严重影响着交叉口的通行能力和行车安全。该文在分析错位交叉口交通特征的基础上,针对错位交叉口中存在的问题,提出有效的治理措施,提高错位交叉口的通行能力,保证道路的行车安全。