亚低温对大鼠脑外伤后血浆内皮素含量变化的影响

研究亚低温对鼠脑外伤后血浆内皮素含量变化的影响并探讨机理。方法　应用Feeney法制成鼠脑损伤模型 ,给予亚低温治疗后研究血浆内皮素及伤侧半球脑组织含水量的变化。结果　大鼠脑创伤后脑水肿迅速发生 ,创伤组血浆内皮素含水量及伤侧半球脑含水量均明显高于假手术组 ( P <0 .0 1 ) ,亚低温治疗组血浆内皮素含量及伤侧半球脑含量均较创伤组明显降低 ( P <0 .0 1 )。结论　亚低温对创伤性脑水肿有明显的治疗作用 ,其作用机理可能与抑制血浆内皮素的产生和释放有关     

Effects of erigeron breviscapus （Vant.） Hand-Mazz pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level following spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effects of erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz (erigeron breviscapus) pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level in the spinal cord after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation group with 10 rabbits treated with only abdominal aorta exposure without occlusion, control group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with matched saline, and experimental group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with erigeron breviscapus (9mg/kg) injection before ischemia. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the spinal cord were examined at 6 and 24 hours after I/R, respectively. The morphological changes and the number of the spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons were observed and counted under the light microscope and electron microscope, respectively. Results The level of MDA was markedly decreased and SOD activity was increased in the experimental group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with that in the control group, the number of motor neurons in the experimental group significantly increased at 24h after I/R (P<0.01) and the morphous of the motor neurons improved. Conclusion Erigeron breviscapus can reduce oxyradical production and the apoptosis of nerve cells, and protect nerve tissue structure and function after spinal cord I/R.     

CALCIUM ANTAGONIST AND ENDOTHELIN IN THE ACUTE SPINAL INJURY

Acutespinalinjury(ASI)isakindofdiseasecommonlyseeninthedepartmentoforthopedics,withsecondarypathologicinjurycausingthede-layeddamageoftissuestructure.Manybiopatho-giccausespla_y_roles1nthecomplexcourse,how-ever,intrace11ularcalciumoverloadwasregardedasthemajordamageofthesecondaryinjuryofSCl.Withthedevelopmentofendotheliumbioac-tivitystudy,itseffectsonthecentralnervoussys-temdrawmoreandmoreattention.Andtherewerenosystematicreportsontherelationbetweencalciumandendotheliumt1.2i.Thegoalofthisstu…     

Apoptosis of motor neurons in the spinal cord after ischemia reperfusion injury delayed paraplegia in rabbits

Objective To clarify the pathologic change of the motor neuron on spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury delayed paraplegia. Methods The infrarenal aorta of White New Zealand rabbits （n=24） was occluded for 26 minutes using two bulldog clamps. Rabbits were killed after 8, 24, 72, or 168 hours （n=6 per group）, respectively. The clamps was placed but never clamped in sham-operated rabbits （n=24）. The lumbar segment of the spinal cord （L5 to L7） was used for morphological studies, including hematoxylin and eosin staining, the expression of bcl-2 and bax proteins in spinal cord was detected with immunohistochemistry. The apoptotic neurons in spinal cord were measured with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling of DNA fragments （TUNEL） staining. Results Delayed paraplegia occurred in all rabbits of ischemia reperfusion group at 16-24 hours, but not in sham groups. Motor neurons were selectively lost at 7 days after transient ischemia. After ischemia, the positive expression of bcl-2 protein were in the sham controls but decreased significantly as compared with that of the IR group （P〈0.01）, especially in 72 hours reperfusion. The positive expression of bax protein were also in the sham controls, but increased in the IR group, especially in 72 hours reperfusion; In addition, TUNEL study demonstrated that no cells were positively labeled until 24 hours after ischemia, but nuclei of some motor neurons were positively labeled at peak after ischemia reperfusion at 72 hours. Oenclusion Spinal cord ischemia in rabbits induces morphological and biochemical changes suggestive of apoptosis. These data raise the possibility that apoptosis contributes to neuronal cell death after spinal cord ischemia reperfnsion.     

细胞外ATP对大鼠脊髓损伤后运动功能恢复的影响

目的研究细胞外ATP对大鼠脊髓损伤后运动功能恢复的影响。方法健康成年Wistar大鼠20只,雌雄不限,体重280-320 g,平均300 g,制作成脊髓打击伤动物模型,并随机分为两组:A组(ATP组)和B组(对照组),每组10只。伤后1、3、7、14、28 d用改良的Tarlov评分、斜板试验观察大鼠运动功能的恢复情况。结果大鼠脊髓损伤后A组改良的Tarlov评分、斜板试验优于对照组,在14 d和28 d,改良的Tarlov评分、斜板试验A组明显优于B组(P<0.05)。结论细胞外ATP能促进大鼠脊髓损伤后运动功能的恢复。     

胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3与胎儿宫内生长迟缓的关系

目的 探讨胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3(IGFBP3)与胎儿宫内生长的关系,及其在胎儿宫内生长迟缓(IUGR)发病中的作用,从而对IUGR的病因作进一步的探讨。方法 选取20例分娩IUGR儿、10例分娩巨大儿及20例正常产妇,分娩后抽取母静脉血及脐静脉血,分离血清(各组产妇均无产科及内外科合并症)。用免疫放射法测定血清中IGFBP-3的浓度。结果 ①母血IGFBP-3浓度显著高于脐血(P＜0..01),且二者之间无相关关系(r=-0.18,P＞0.05)。②脐血中IGFBP-3浓度在IUGR组显著低于对照组(P＜0..01),但巨大儿组与对照组之间无显著差别(P＞0..05),脐血IGFBP-3的浓度与新生儿出生体重及胎盘重量呈正相关关系(r=0.63,r=0.48,P均＜0..01)。③各组母血中IGFBP-3浓度无明显差别(P＞0..05)。结论 ①母血及脐血IGFBP-3的来源不同,母血中的IGFBP-3不能通过胎盘屏障。②胎儿自身分泌的IGFBP-3与胎儿生长关系密切,其浓度降低可能是导致IUGR的重要原因之一。     

脊髓损伤后大鼠后肢运动功能恢复不同评分标准的比较

目的比较脊髓损伤(SCI)后大鼠后肢运动功能恢复的不同评分标准的优劣。方法40只SD成熟雌性大鼠随机分为正常组(Normal组)、急性脊髓中度损伤组(SCI组)及对照组(CON组),其中SCI组采用改良的Allen打击法,CON组仅行T10椎板切除术。术后1、2、3、4、6周观察大鼠后肢神经功能恢复的情况并记录结果。评价标准分别为:斜板试验评分、改良Tarlov评分及BBB评分。结果SCI组与CON组比较,斜板试验临界角度在1-6周时,均有所减小(P<0.05),尤以第1周时减少更甚(P<0.01);改良Tarlov评分第1、2、3、4周时,分值间的差别非常明显(P<0.01),第6周时,未见变化(P>0.05);而BBB评分各时间点的区分程度非常明显(P<0.01)。结论BBB评分对SCI模型运动功能评价具有明显优势,可作为今后研究的标准评分法。     

Protective effect of glutamine pretreatment on ischemia-reperfusion injury of spinal cord in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the content of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and aminoglutaminic acid (Glu) of spinal cord following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Totally 40 healthy adult male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operation group (S group), ischemia-reperfusion injury group (I/R group), low-dose glutamine group (L Gln group), median-dose glutamine group (M Gln group) and high-dose glutamine group (H Gln group). After glutamine preconditioning, the model of spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury was established according to Zivin's method. The general status of animals was observed and the changes of Jacobs scoring were recorded in each group. Malondialdehydes (MDA), GSH, Glu and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lumbar spinal cord tissues were determined using chemical colorimetry. The neuron number and deviation rate in spinal cord anterior horn were observed histopathologically. Results There was no significant difference between L Gin group and I/R group in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA and Glu, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord (P>0.05); however, there was a significant difference in GSH content of spinal cord (P<0.05). M Gln group and I/R group differed significantly (P<0.05) in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA, Glu, GSH, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord. Between H Gln group and M Gln group, there was no significant difference in behavior scoring, content of MDA and Glu, SOD activity, neuron number and aberration rate in spinal cord (P>0.05), whereas there was a significant difference in SOD activity and Giu content (P<0.05). Conclusion Pretreatment with medium-dose glutamine has a protective effect on spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury in rabbits, which may be related to the maintenance of GSH content, increase of SOD activity and reduction of MDA.     

血清IV型胶原在肝纤维化诊断中的意义

目的 研究血清IV型胶原(IVC)在诊断肝纤维化中的意义。方法 以放免分析法检测正常对照者(NC)及慢性肝病患者血清IVC浓度,并与Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)比较。结果 各慢性肝病组血清IVC、PCⅢ浓度均显著高于NC组(P均＜0..01)。血清IVC浓度在重度慢性肝炎(CH)组显著高于轻、中度CH组(P均＜0..01),活动性肝硬变(LC)组显著高于静止性LC组(P＜0..05)。血清IVC与PCⅢ在CH组及LC组中均呈显著性正相关(CH组r=0.7023,LC组r=0.5878,P均＜0..001)。结论 血清IVC浓度可反映肝纤维化的活动程度。     

大鼠脊髓损伤后MAP-2的表达及与运动功能恢复的相关性

目的研究大鼠脊髓损伤后MAP-2表达的变化及与运动功能恢复的相关性。方法健康成年Wistar大鼠36只,随机取6只作为正常对照组,余30只制作成脊髓打击伤动物模型,随机分为5组,每组6只。伤后1、3、7、14、28d取材,应用免疫组织化学方法观察MAP-2的表达,采用计算机图像分析系统,进行定量分析;用改良的Tarlov评分、斜板试验观察大鼠脊髓损伤后运动功能的恢复情况及MAP-2的表达和二者的相关程度。结果大鼠脊髓损伤后MAP-2的表达在损伤后1-14d呈进行性升高,并在损伤后14d达到高峰,损伤后28d较损伤后14d明显下降(P<0.01),但仍明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),呈高水平表达;大鼠脊髓损伤后1-28d改良的Tarlov评分、斜板试验进行性升高,并在损伤后28d达到高峰,但仍明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01)。MAP-2的表达和改良的Tarlov评分、斜板试验在损伤后呈正相关(|r1|=0.81,P<0.01;|r2|=0.79,P<0.01)。结论大鼠脊髓损伤后MAP-2的表达和运动功能的恢复呈正相关,MAP-2很可能参与了大鼠脊髓损伤后运动功能的恢复。     

大鼠急性脊髓损伤中caspase-1的表达及意义

目的研究半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶-1(cysteinyl aspartate specific protease-1,caspase-1)在大鼠急性脊髓损伤后的表达及意义。方法取健康成熟SD大鼠36只,随机分为对照组和损伤组,各18只,每组再分8 h、3 d7、d共3个时间点,每个时间点6只。对照组仅做单纯T8、T9椎板切除术,损伤组则按Nystrom法建立大鼠急性脊髓损伤动物模型。HE染色观察脊髓组织病理学变化,免疫组化测定各时间点caspase-1的表达变化。结果对照组大鼠脊髓组织中少量细胞caspase-1表达阳性。脊髓损伤后8 h时,损伤组caspase-1表达高于对照组,3 d时表达最高,7 d时略有降低,但仍高于对照组。脊髓损伤组各时间点caspase-1表达阳性细胞数较对照组明显升高(P<0.01)。结论大鼠脊髓损伤后caspase-1的表达迅速增强,可能是导致脊髓继发性损伤的因素之一。     

银杏叶提取物对大鼠脊髓损伤下肢运动功能的影响

目的　观察银杏叶提取物(Egb)治疗大鼠脊髓损伤,评估它对大鼠脊髓损伤下肢运动功能恢复的效果。方法　60只大鼠分成3组,用Allen s改良法建立脊髓损伤的动物模型,通过Egb腹腔注射,用斜板试验法和Bosso, Beattieand Bresnahan(BBB)评分法观察大鼠脊髓损伤下肢运动功能的变化。结果　斜板试验法临界角度药物组和损伤组比较:7 d,P<0.05;14 d,21 d,P<0.01。BBB评分法药物组和损伤组比较:7 d,P<0.05;14 d,21 d, P<0.01。药物组大鼠脊髓损伤后下肢运动功能恢复快,有显著性差异。结论　Egb对大鼠脊髓损伤后双下肢运动功能的恢复有促进作用。     

哇巴因对大鼠心脏内皮素系统表达的影响

目的探索哇巴因对大鼠心脏内皮素系统表达的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠随机分为哇巴因组和生理盐水对照组,每周测量收缩压,分别于实验24、、6周放免法测定两组大鼠血浆及心脏组织中内皮素的含量,并用免疫组化法检测大鼠左心室内皮素A、B两种受体的表达。结果大鼠腹腔注射哇巴因4周后收缩压开始上升,6周后哇巴因组大鼠血压与对照组相比有显著性差异。大鼠腹腔注射哇巴因2周后,血浆及心脏组织内皮素水平升高,4周时左心室内皮素A型受体表达增强,而B型受体的表达在整个实验过程中均无显著变化。结论哇巴因可以引起血浆及心脏组织中内皮素质量浓度增加,左心室内皮素A型受体表达增强,这种效应可能是其升高血压及损害靶器官的机制之一。     

人体低氧状态心血管功能代偿水平的个体差异

为探讨人体低氧条件下循环功能的代偿水平，进行了有关测试。结果显示：高海拔区在总体适应水平上每搏量减少（P＜0．01），心输出量及平均动脉压增加（P＜0．01），且随高度增加，后两项均需增加（P＜0．05）。对于不同群体来说，适应良好者每搏量及总外周阻力不变，心输出量增加（P＜0．01）；适应不良者每搏量减少（P＜0．05），总外周阻力增加，心输出量亦增加但显著性稍差（P＜0．05）。推测人体在不同低氧条件下具有不同的心血管适应能力，且该适应能力具有个体差异。     

脑尔康对老年痴呆小鼠脑内胆碱酯酶活性及神经元的影响

目的　通过慢性铝中毒造成老年痴呆小鼠模型。观察复方中药脑尔康对小鼠学习记忆障碍的保护作用 ,探讨其对胆碱酯酶活性的影响及保护神经元的抗痴呆作用机理。方法　健康昆明种雄性小鼠 60只 ,随机分为 6组 ,除空白组外 ,连续造模 50d后 ,每组随机取 3只 ,用HE染色法 ,观察小鼠海马CA1区细胞数量及形态 ,其余动物迅速断头取脑 ,冰台分离海马及皮层 ,检测各自的胆碱脂酶活性。结果　模型组AchE活性明显增高 (P <0 0 1 ) ,用药各组与模型组比较 ,除小剂量组外AchE活性均明显低于模型组 (P <0 0 1 ) ;模型组海马CA1区神经元数量明显少于空白组 (P <0 0 1 ) ,可见神经元脱失 ,并有胶质细胞增生。用药各组与模型组比较 ,只有中药大、中剂量组神经元数量显著多于模型组 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1 )。结论　脑尔康能明显降低老年痴呆模型小鼠皮层及海马AchE活性 ,保护海马CA1区神经元的作用。     

FOS EXPRESSION IN LUMBARSACRAL SPINAL CORD AND MEDULLA OBLONGATA INDUCED BY CHRONIC COLONIC INFLAMMATION IN RATS

Irritablebowelsyndrome(IBS)isacommon functionalgastrointestinaldisorderinpopulations.RecentstudieshaveshownthatpersistentIBSsymp tomsdevelopedinbetween7%and31%ofsubjects afterinfectiousgastroenteritisandtransientinflam mationenteritis[1].Thisassociationis…     

促肝细胞生长素对慢性肝炎、慢性重症肝炎患者血清IL-6和IL-8的影响

目的　研究观察慢性肝炎、慢性重症肝炎患者血清IL 6和IL 8水平在促肝细胞生长素(pHGF)治疗前后的变化。方法　采用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)检测 64例慢性肝炎和慢性重症肝炎患者 pHGF治疗前及治疗后 4周、8周血清IL 6和IL 8水平。结果　慢性肝炎及慢性重症肝炎患者血清IL 6、IL 8水平较正常对照组明显升高 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 0 1 ) ,且慢性重症肝炎 >慢性肝炎 (中度 ) >慢性肝炎 (轻度 )。pHGF治疗组的慢性肝炎和慢性重症肝炎患者在治疗 8周后 ,其血清IL 6和IL 8水平明显下降 (P <0 .0 5) ,ALT与IL 6呈明显正相关 ;pHGF疗程结束后半年 ,其HBeAg、HBV DNA转阴率为 43.3%、46.9% ,转阴组IL 6、IL 8水平接近正常 ,而阳性组则明显高于转阴组 (P <0 .0 5)。结论　提示慢性肝炎和慢性重症肝炎患者血清IL 6和IL 8水平与慢性肝病肝脏损伤程度密切相关 ,是判定患者预后和疗效的重要指标。     

神经细胞凋亡在脊髓缺血再灌注损伤延迟性瘫痪中的作用

目的研究细胞凋亡在脊髓缺血再灌注损伤发生延迟性瘫痪中的作用。方法将48只新西兰白兔随机分为2组:对照组(sham)和缺血再灌注组(IR)。参照并改进Zivin方法建立兔脊髓腰骶段缺血再灌注延迟性瘫痪模型,比较各组动物不同时间点后肢运动功能及病理形态学变化;采用原位末端脱氧核糖核酸酶转移介导的脱氧尿三磷酸(dUTP)标记法(TUNEL法)检测神经细胞凋亡水平。结果HE染色显示,再灌注8 h组神经细胞形态基本正常,结构清楚,灰质中有少量空泡,但神经元细胞结构完好;再灌注24 h组:灰质中前角神经元细胞破坏严重,空泡形成,无明显炎症细胞浸润;再灌注72 h组:灰质前角中大量空泡形成,尚残存数个结构清楚的运动神经元,有明显炎症细胞浸润;再灌注168 h组:灰质中运动神经元消失,残存数个固缩坏死神经元。TUNEL法染色显示,sham组及再灌注8 h后,仅见非特异性染色。再灌注24 h后出现大量阳性细胞,至再灌注72 h阳性细胞数量达到最高峰,主要分布在前角运动神经元。再灌注1周后,灰质结构破坏严重,仅有少量神经元幸存,但其阳性细胞平均积分吸光度值仍较对照组高。结论脊髓缺血再灌注后发生延迟性瘫痪时,神经元死亡的方式主要是细胞凋亡。     

EFFECT OF METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN ON MIGRATION OF MACROPHAGES FROM MICE WITH IMPAIRED LIVER

The increased plasma methionine enkephalin(M- Enk) concentration in patients with liver dis-eases indicates an alteration of the immune func-tion in these patients[1] .Since the effects of opioidpeptide on modulation of immune system in humanbeing and animals under normal condition havebeen revealed,more interest has recently been fo-cused on conditions in stress as liver impairment[2 ] .An attractive trend has emerged in the pastdecadethat in stress some neuropeptides may be secretedand relea…     

神经节苷脂M_1介导神经生长因子对运动神经元再生的影响

目的　研究神经生长因子 (NGF)、神经节苷脂M1 (GM1 )及NGF和GM1 混合液对桥接面神经的硅胶管腔中面神经管状化移植再生的影响。方法　选择成年大白兔 40只 ,4只作正常对照 ,其余 3 6只随机分为A、B、C三组 ,将其双侧面神经下颊支与腮腺前缘相同平面造成 8mm长缺损 ,用 1 5mm的硅胶管进行桥接 ,然后作以下处理 :A组 ,左侧硅胶管内加入NGF ,右侧加入生理盐水 ;B组 ,左侧加入NGF +GM1 ,右侧加入NGF ;C组 ,左侧加入NGF +GM1 ,右侧加入GM1 。于术后 2 0周进行电生理及组织学观察。结果　A组左右侧神经传导速度差异无显著性 ;B、C两组左右侧间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。且两组左侧再生神经有髓纤维数目、直径、髓鞘厚度、轴突直径均高于对侧 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但A组以上指标均无差异。光镜及电镜观察试验各组均有较明显的神经再生。结论　①NGF能够促进运动神经元再生 ,但这种能力有限 ;②GM1 能够介导NGF促进运动神经元再生 ,表现出良好的生物学效应。