试析2008版《低合金高强度结构钢》新国家标准

低合金高强度结构钢在船舶行业广泛应用。最新修订发布的GB／T1591—2008《低合金高强度结构钢》与前一版本相比变化较大，包括增加了四个新牌号，提高了力学性能要求，对磷、硫等有害元素做了进一步限制等。     

Q345在港口起重机金属构件上的应用

Q345C是低合金高强度结构钢,其综合力学性能良好,加工和耐腐蚀等性能好,目前被广泛应用于船舶、锅炉、压力容器、起重运输机械及其他较高载荷的焊接结构件.起重机的主体钢结构现多采用Q345代替Q235(碳素结构钢),所以同等自重和外形尺寸条件下钢结构整体的刚度、强度和承载能力显著增强.     

低合金高强度钢在造船中的应用及我国高强度船体钢的发展

目前,世界各国大型民用船舶的船体钢可按强度分为两大类,即普通强度船体结构钢和高强度船体结构钢。普通强度船体结构钢是指抗拉强度为41～50 kgf/mm~2[40～49 kPa]的船体钢,高强度船体结构钢的抗拉强度为51～63 kgf/mm~2[50～61.8 kPa]。本文仅对高强度钢在造船工业中的应用及其发展情况作一简单介绍。     

低合金高强度钢插销断口特征及其与实际断口的可比性

对低合金高强度钢焊接结构中出现的冷裂纹研究,一直是焊接领域中颇受关注的课题之一。在评定材料冷裂敏感性的各种试验方法中,插销法是一种简便易行、材料节省的评定试验,其结果可进行定量比较。本文从深入分析一种低合金高强度钢(σ_3=60公斤/毫米~2)由摇     

船舶结构碰撞相似律的数值研究

针对船舶耐撞特性研究问题的特点,提出进行结构碰撞相似律研究的必要性和重要性。利用相似理论分析了碰撞过程的相似参数,建立了船舶结构耐撞性研究中的相似律关系。在此基础上以平板结构撞击特性研究为计算模型,应用显式有限元程序MSC/Dytran对满足比例关系的撞击过程进行数值仿真计算。计算结果表明,原型与比例模型的撞击响应特性符合相似律。考虑到船用材料的率相关性,针对相似加筋圆柱壳结构进行撞击比较分析,认为由于高强度低合金结构钢的率效应不敏感,且撞击载荷速度较低,相似律仍然成立。     

5668TEU集装箱船坞内焊前电加热过程控制

本文介绍了QC小组在5668TEU船坞内总组搭载时，对高强度船体结构钢厚板焊前预热处理的过程控制。     

造箱厂材料管理之我见

材料管理是集装箱制造业生产中的一个重要环节。目前,箱厂所生产的钢质干货集装箱,其用材是以具有优良抗腐蚀性能的高强度低合金结构钢为主,辅以经过防疫处理的优质硬木胶合地板,整个箱体的内、外表面还需涂以特种耐候油漆,以起到防锈、抗摩擦等方面的作用。为此,我在尝试如何改善管理并取得卓有成效的基础上,就几个感触较深的问题进行探讨。1严格控制库存材料管理部最重要的日常工作之一,就是抓好库存材料的控制。除了要确保仓库保管员在收料、发料、存货保管等方面严格按规定作业外,着重要抓好材料日常“收、发、存”三个环节的管理。1.1…     

船舶用钢呈现三大发展趋势

随着造船产量的大幅增长，以及船厂建造的船型不断增多，未来造船用钢的发展趋势为：低合金高强度钢的需求量将大幅度增加；造船用钢的规格、尺寸精度将更高；质量将进一步提高，品种将增多。     

电焊条药皮总含水量测试方法及其应用

前言用手工电弧焊焊接低合金高强度钢时,焊缝及热影响区中氢的主要来源是焊条药皮所含的水分。为降低含氢量、预防冷裂缝,低合金高强度钢焊接时,均需采用低氢焊条。为了保证低氢焊条的工艺性能和焊接件的质量,必须严格控制焊条的潜在含氢量或者药皮的总含水量。钢种不同,所用焊条总含水量的控制范围也不同。目前,用于衡量焊条药皮潜在含氢量与总含水量的指标,通常是焊缝金属扩散氢的含量。常用的测定方法是甘油法。甘油法测氢时,其测量结果受测试技术、操作条件,以及焊接参数     

罗奇推出Optim 550W无涂层耐候钢

为满足客户需求,罗奇推出了集耐候性与高强度为一体的Optim欧普力550 W钢产品。用耐候钢制造的钢结构表面会形成耐候层。也就是说,无需对钢板进行表面处理也能防止因风雨天气造成的锈蚀,因而大大优于普通结构钢。除     

The weldability of steels used in jack-up drilling platforms

Weldability problems in jack-up rigs arise principally in leg construction where particularly high-strength steels (690 N mm⁻² yield) are used for chords and racks. Attainment of mechanical properties is not usually difficult, although procedural trials are advisable.

Of potential fabrication problems, hydrogen cracking (heat-affected zones or weld metal) is of greatest concern, and consideration of solidification cracking is advisable. Lamellar tearing is not generally a problem with modern steels, and the risk of stress-relief cracking will be confined to the limited number of joints which can be heat-treated.

Fatigue cracking is probably the major cause of service failure of jack-up rigs, and the use of high-strength steels, which permits higher static stress limits, can exacerbate this problem. Hydrogen-induced stress corrosion can also occur, either due to cathodic polarisation or corrosion, particularly in the presence of H₂S in foul sea-water. For this reason weld hardness limits need to be maintained.     

Ductile crack initiation behavior in steels with compressive prestrain

It is well known that compressive prestrain reduces ductility in steels. On the other hand, it has also been found that high stress triaxiality reduces equivalent plastic strain at the onset of ductile fracture. In this research, plate specimens and notched bar specimens, which were prestrained in compression with bending, were used in reversed bending tests, and the effect of compressive prestrain on ductile crack initiation in steels was investigated. It was found that small ductile cracks occurred from the microscopic wrinkles which were formed on the concave surface with compressive prestrain. The critical relationship between stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain at ductile crack initiation was investigated by finite-element analysis. It was found that ductile crack initiation in steels with compressive prestrain can be estimated qualitatively by the relationship between stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain.     

改进造船企业钢材采购几个环节的管理

钢材价格上涨使我国造船企业丧失竞争优势。在造船业推广供应商管理有利于提高生产效率，降低生产成本，促进和供应商的合作，并且让整条供应链获益。     

提高钢材利用率是降低造船成本的重要途径

提要本文介绍了在目前造船环境下提高船体钢材利用率的的必要性,阐述了通过开展同步设计和技术创新来提高船体钢材利用率的做法,并提出了在国内造船企业统一钢材利用率计算方法的建议。     

The effect of plastic constraint on the initiation of ductile tears in shipbuilding structural steels

In this paper, the effect of plastic constraint on the initiation of ductile tears in four different shipbuilding structural steels has been experimentally studied by measuring the J-integral and crack opening displacement COD at initiation in three-point bend specimens with deep and shallow notches. Experimental results of seven groups of different strength alloy steels show that both Si and Ji values of ductile tear from the shallow crack specimens which have less constraint flow field are significantly higher than those of deeply notched specimens. Slip-line-field analysis shows that, for shallow crack, the hydrostatic stress is lower than that from standard deeply cracked bend specimen, which develops a high level of crack tip constraint, provides a lower bound estimate of toughness, and will ensure an unduly conservative approach when applied to structural defects, especially if initiation values of COD and J-integral are used.     

Dynamic hardening behaviors of various marine structural steels considering dependencies on strain rate and temperature

This paper presents a new formula for prediction of the dynamic hardening effect for various marine structural steels, considering dependencies on the strain rates and temperatures. Dynamic tensile tests are carried out for three kinds of marine steels, 2W50, EH36, and DH36, changing the steel layer in the thickness direction, the strain rates, and temperatures. Considering two thickness layers at the middle and surface, five strain rate levels of 0.001/s, 1/s, 10/s, 100/s, and 200/s, three temperature levels of LT (−40 °C), RT, and HT (200 °C), and two repetitions, the total number of tests is 180. Dynamic hardening is clearly seen at LT and RT regardless of the material type, while dynamic strain aging occurs at HT, leads to negative strain rate sensitivity, and thus elevates the quasi-static flow stress above the dynamic flow stress to a certain strain rate. Dynamic hardening factors (DHFs) are derived as a function of the proof strains of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 according to each material type and temperature level. A new formula to determine the material constant D of Cowper–Symonds constitutive equation is developed. The correctness of the proposed formula is verified through comparison with test flow stress curves and reference test data in large plastic strain and high strain rate ranges.     

《中华人民共和国物权法》有关条款在船舶物权登记中的应用

为明确《中华人民共和国物权法》实施对于船舶物权登记工作的指导作用,从船舶物权登记的性质、登记机关的审查义务和赔偿责任、共有船舶的处分原则、船舶价值评估和登记规费征收以及新船舶登记制度的创设等6个方面分析《物权法》有关条款在船舶物权登记实践中的应用,认为《物权法》的实施对船舶物权登记产生重要影响,船舶登记机关应及时转变观念。     

渔检发展凸显体制困局——访中国渔业船舶检验局局长周彤

近年来,百万艘渔船安全问题始终是中国水上难以驱散的阴霾.随着国际国内对生命和环境保护的日益重视,中国渔船安全更是备受关注.作为渔船安全的第一道防线,中国渔船检验现状如何?     

潜艇模块化的生命力设计研究

文章讨论了实施模块化方法建造潜艇的意义,对潜艇模块化体系的生命力作了初步的论述,提出近期可能实现的功能模块.     

虚拟样机技术在气垫船推进系统特性研究中的应用

由于气垫船的结构特点,传统的研究方法不适于气垫船推进系统特性研究.本文将现代虚拟样机技术引入气垫船推进系统特性研究中,对气垫船船体和轴系建模及船体-推进系统的耦合方法进行了比较研究.并应用本文提出研究方法,对某型气垫船推进轴系进行了动态支承力的仿真研究.