基于流固耦合的舵桨水动力性能研究和强度校核

文章创新地提出了将流固耦合计算方法应用于对舵桨的水动力性能和强度校核的联立求解中。应用此方法,对舵桨在不同航速下的水动力性能进行了研究,比较了不同航速下舵桨产生的推力和扭矩,总结出桨叶推力、扭矩、敞水效率随进速变化的规律;同时又以流体计算的结果作为强度计算的载荷条件,对舵桨强度进行校核,从而保证了舵桨满足强度需求。流固耦合计算方法的使用为舵桨性能研究提供了一套全新的方法。     

基于DES方法的螺旋桨尾涡演化数值研究

采用分离涡模拟(DES)方法对多工况下螺旋桨的尾流场特性及尾涡结构进行数值研究,应用滑移网格技术完成螺旋桨敞水试验模拟,采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型封闭N-S方程组。数值计算结果显示:采用DES方法得到的水动力特性结果与模型试验结果吻合度高,DES方法能够较好地捕捉到螺旋桨尾流场中复杂的尾涡结构,螺旋桨不同桨叶产生的梢涡之间的自诱导和相互诱导作用引起尾涡结构形态变化,4叶桨梢涡结构之间会产生2次融合重组,毂涡振荡与梢涡演化之间存在相互干扰作用,不同进速系数下尾涡演化规律基本一致。     

固定叶轮水动力性能数值分析

为研究螺旋桨后固定叶轮的节能效果,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对螺旋桨与固定叶轮进行仿真模拟。计算域划分为螺旋桨小域、叶轮小域、外部大域等3个区域,三者均采用结构网格。计算域整体为圆柱形区域,与螺旋桨同轴,靠近螺旋桨与叶轮区域网格加密,来流采用均匀流,分别改变进速系数、螺旋桨与叶轮距离以及叶轮叶数等参数,依计算结果选取最优解并按照加法原则划分并在计算过程中增减工况。分析认为:在距离为0.7D、进速系数1.0、叶轮叶数5叶时,节能效果最佳;同等情况下,效率较不加叶轮提高9.46%。     

导管螺旋桨的推力、进速与诱导速度沿盘面的分布特征

运用计算流体力学方法对在不同工况中导管螺旋螺旋桨的推力、转矩以及螺旋桨周围的流场特性进行观察,对导管螺旋桨盘面处的进速、诱导速度的沿盘面的分布以及螺旋桨所发出的推力与周围速度场之间的关系进行分析。计算结果表明,由于导管出口处激发出的下游尾涡作用,螺旋桨推力、转矩、盘面的进速以及诱导速度分量的时域过程表现出了一种多次峰谷值振荡变化的动力学特征;轴向进速是影响螺旋桨推力、转矩变化的主要因素。     

考虑耙吸力的耙吸挖泥船阻力性能 数值分析及试验比较

自航耙吸挖泥船船体线型较为肥大,工况较多,不同工况下对阻力性能的要求也不尽相同。文中首先利用CFD建立某耙吸挖泥船数值模型,计算分析耙吸挖泥船裸船体阻力性能,并与模型试验数据进行对比,取得了一致结果。在此基础上,考虑耙吸力影响,分析不同工况下该耙吸挖泥船在装有不同螺旋桨的情况下船体及舵的阻力性能差异,通过流场分析其机理。并结合螺旋桨敞水性能,计算了新导管桨与原桨在实尺度下的推进效率及收到功率,结果表明新导管桨推进效率相较于原桨提升了约8.8%,验证了耙吸挖泥船耙吸力的合理性。     

无轴轮缘推进器中可拆卸螺旋桨的性能分析

应用FLUENT数值模拟软件对无轴轮缘推进器螺旋桨进行水动力分析,根据实际运行工况需求确定数值模拟的基本方程、湍流模型、初始条件、边界条件、流体域以及网格划分等参数,建立相关数值模拟模型,计算出不同桨叶数目的螺旋桨在一定进速条件下的桨叶压力分布状况及螺旋桨推力与扭矩,并与常用经验公式计算结果进行比较,验证了无轴轮缘推进器螺旋桨有限体积元模型的正确性。研究结果可为该类型螺旋桨的优化设计提供理论支持。     

波浪中螺旋桨非定常水动力性能研究（英文）

The speed of a ship sailing in waves always slows down due to the decrease in efficiency of the propeller. So it is necessary and essential to analyze the unsteady hydrodynamic performance of propeller in waves. This paper is based on the numerical simulation and experimental research of hydrodynamics performance when the propeller is under wave conditions. Open-water propeller performance in calm water is calculated by commercial codes and the results are compared to experimental values to evaluate the accuracy of the numerical simulation method. The first-order Volume of Fluid(VOF) wave method in STAR CCM+ is utilized to simulate the three-dimensional numerical wave. According to the above prerequisite, the numerical calculation of hydrodynamic performance of the propeller under wave conditions is conducted, and the results reveal that both thrust and torque of the propeller under wave conditions reveal intense unsteady behavior. With the periodic variation of waves, ventilation, and even an effluent phenomenon appears on the propeller. Calculation results indicate, when ventilation or effluent appears, the numerical calculation model can capture the dynamic characteristics of the propeller accurately, thus providing a significant theory foundation forfurther studying the hydrodynamic performance of a propeller in waves.     

Model and full scale CFD analysis of propeller boss cap fins (PBCF)

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses of propeller boss cap fins (PBCF) were carried out for two different propellers at model and full scale Reynolds numbers with two different inflow conditions. Computations corresponding to the reverse propeller open test (POT) experiment were confirmed to be in a good agreement with the measurement. The results of computations at different conditions have shown that increased Reynolds number and presence of hull wake both positively influence the effects of PBCF. Due to the combined effect of the Reynolds number and the wake, the gain in the propeller efficiency at the full scale condition was found to be significantly larger than that at the model test condition. The detailed investigation of the results suggested that the fin drag becomes smaller and the reduction of the boss drag becomes larger at the full scale condition. However, the predicted gain is still smaller than the values reported in the sea trial and logbook analysis. The remaining gap may be attributed to the difference in the estimated and actual wake distribution or to other factors such as interactions with hull and rudder, surface roughness, unsteadiness and hub vortex cavitation.     

船用螺旋桨负载动态实验仿真装置研究

介绍了动态仿真船用螺旋桨负载的总体方案并给出了一种仿真装置。该装置能仿真螺旋桨在各种工况下的静、动态特性，为推进电机提供逼真的轴负载。装置的主体为转矩随动系统，其反馈转矩的测量采用了转矩传感器，文章以某深潜救生艇的螺旋桨负载为研究对象，建立了系统的数学模型，设计了转矩随动系统，利用设计的装置进行了综合仿真，仿真结果与负载实际响应接近。     

Experimental study on a model azimuthing podded propulsor in ice

The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of a model azimuthing podded propulsor in ice-covered water. Model tests were carried out with two different depths of cut into the ice (15 and 35 mm), two different ice conditions (presawn and pack ice conditions), and four different azimuthing angles. The depth of cut is the maximum penetration depth of the propeller blade into the ice block. The 0.3-m-diameter model propeller was operated in a continuous ice milling condition. Ice loads were measured by several sensors which were installed in various positions on the model. Six one-axis pancake-style load cells on the top of the model measured the global loads and two six-component dynamometers were installed on the shaft to measure the shaft loads. One six-component dynamometer was attached to the one of the propeller blades inside the hub to measure the blade loads. The pod unit and propeller performance in ice are presented. Ice-related loads, which were obtained when the blade was inside the ice block, are introduced and discussed. During the propeller–ice interaction, a blade can experience the path generated by the previous blade, which is called the shadowing effect. The effects of shadowing, depth of cut, azimuthing angle, and advance coefficient on propulsor performance are presented and discussed.     

基于有限元模型的船用螺旋桨桨叶应力分析

采用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)软件建立静止域(舵、导管及船体)和旋转域(螺旋桨)的三维几何模型,在螺旋桨流场内求解雷诺平均纳维斯托克斯方程(Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations,RANS),由此对船用螺旋桨产生的推力和...     

基于Lighthill声类比理论的螺旋桨噪声性能研究

论文基于Lighthill声类比理论和傅立叶变换结合声学软件Actran开展螺旋桨噪声性能的分析研究。以E779A螺旋桨模型为对象,进行了螺旋桨噪声性能的数值模拟,分析了不同位置处声压谱和声功率谱的特性、噪声随距离变化的衰减特性、不同进速系数下的声压级云图等;最后,分析了非均匀进流、螺旋桨空化、进速系数等对螺旋桨噪声的影响。本文主要的研究工作是对螺旋桨噪声性能的预报研究,对今后船舶工程螺旋桨的设计研究有着重要的指导意义。     

Experimental study on hydrodynamics of L-type podded propulsor in straight-ahead motion and off-design conditions

Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of an L-type podded propulsor in straight-ahead motion and off-design conditions using an open-water measuring instrument developed by the authors for podded propulsors, a ship model towing tank, and under water particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement systems. Under the three types of conditions, the main parameters of an L-type podded propulsor were measured, including the propeller thrust and torque, as well as the thrust, side force, and moment of the whole pod unit. In addition, the flow field on the section between the propeller and the strut was analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate that the dynamic azimuthing rate and direction and the turning direction affect the forces on the propeller and the whole pod unit. Forces are asymmetrically distributed between the left and right azimuthing directions because of the effect of propeller rotation. The findings of this study provide a foundation for further research on L-type podded propulsors.     

大型船可调桨推进装置机动工况分析不容忽视

论述主柴油机螺旋桨(FPP、CPP)推进特性的同时,结合螺旋桨推力系数(KP)、扭矩系数(Km)、随螺旋桨进程比,(λp)的变化情况,指出λp在大于某一定值后,螺旋桨将出现负推力和负转矩,这称为螺旋桨的水涡轮工况。此现象多发生在船舶机动作业的紧急换向工况中,对于CPP船若控制不慎,可能引发主机飞车或使船舶实际换向时间太长,两者都将延误船舶紧急避碰时机。现推荐一种"能耗法"的控制方法,可以有效地缩短船舶紧急换向实际时间,避免海难事故,保障航行安全。     

冰级桨水动力性能研究综述

针对桨-冰相互作用对冰级桨水动力性能的影响问题,整理归纳国外冰级桨水动力性能研究进展,根据冰级桨特殊工作条件,介绍并分析目前两种主要冰级桨模型试验方法及其特点;介绍数值模拟预报程序PROPELLA,展望未来冰级桨水动力性能的研究方向。     

基于伴随方法的舰船推进器优化设计

[目的]为探索高效的螺旋桨优化设计方法,基于面元法开展伴随优化方法的研究。[方法]通过桨叶表面法向速度为零条件和等压库塔条件建立伴随方程,得到敏感导数求解式。以DTMB 4381螺旋桨为对象,分别运用伴随方法和传统的求解控制方程方法计算螺旋桨性能与参数之间的敏感导数;基于伴随方法对某螺旋桨进行敏感导数分析,再根据敏感导数分析结果进行几何参数优化,并将结果与ISIGHT优化平台中的粒子群算法（PSO）得到的结果进行对比。[结果]结果表明,采用伴随方法与传统的求解控制方程方法计算得到的结果具有较好的一致性,但伴随方法的计算效率更高,优化结果也优于PSO算法,且优化所用时间也少。[结论]研究表明,伴随方法在多参数螺旋桨优化设计中的计算效率优于智能算法。     

Statistical consideration of propeller load fluctuation at racing condition in irregular waves

Propeller load fluctuation in rough sea conditions is caused by two components: one is the fluctuating inflow velocity and the other is the emergence of the propeller disk from the water. Such disturbances cause large fluctuations in engine power and revolutions, and can lead to the failure of the propulsion plant, which is unacceptable in extreme seas. However, due to strong nonlinearity in the effect of propeller emergence and nonlinear interactions with the inflow velocity in the propeller torque fluctuation, the procedure for obtaining the statistical properties of the propeller torque in extreme sea conditions is not clear. If the statistical properties of propeller torque fluctuation—such as the variance and the probability density function—are known, the corresponding statistics of the response of the engine can be obtained, allowing the safe operation of ship propulsion plants in extreme irregular seas to be assessed.     

复合材料螺旋桨弯扭耦合刚度特性分析

[目的]复合材料螺旋桨的弯扭耦合变形程度反映了桨叶的刚度特性,而桨叶刚度特性又与其水动力性能存在一定的相关性,将从刚度的角度对复合材料螺旋桨的纤维铺层进行优化设计.[方法]首先,以DTMB 4383复合材料螺旋桨为研究对象,基于复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合自迭代算法,构建桨叶弯扭刚度数值计算方法;然后,分别在桨叶铺设单向碳纤...     

螺旋桨数控加工技术研究

结合国际国内螺旋桨加工技术的现状,在进行螺旋桨数控加工技术研究的基础上,阐述了实现螺旋桨数控加工技术的基本途径和条件,着重介绍了大侧斜固定螺旋桨数控加工方法和过程.     

紧急制动及紧急向前时螺旋桨绕流的大涡模拟

船舶在港口停泊或在过驳、动力定位作业过程中需要进行复杂的操纵,此时船舶需要在低速非设计工况下实现后退、紧急制动和紧急向前等运动。在这些低速操纵运动过程中,螺旋桨工作于四象限内,由此产生的侧向力会影响船舶的操纵性能。出于安全考虑,需要评估螺旋桨在四象限内的水动力性能。文章基于CFD方法模拟了螺旋桨在四象限内作业时的紧急制动和紧急向前工况,采取LES方法模拟了紧急制动和紧急向前时剧烈的非定常分离流动。对紧急制动工况进行了网格收敛性分析;所得到的推力和扭矩系数与现有的试验值进行了比较,分析了螺旋桨负荷对螺旋桨性能的影响。通过对桨叶表面的压力分布、一些典型平面上的速度轮廓和流线以及推力的频谱特性进行分析,展示了螺旋桨流动的机理。