长江水运货运量为世界内河之量

长江水运货运量目前已超过了美国的密西西比河和欧洲的莱茵河，是世界上内河运输最繁忙、运量最大的通航河流。     

船行密西西比河

密西西比河全长6262公里,是世界第四大河,也是美国境内最长的河流. 密西西比河的人海口在墨西哥湾.3月23日,一个春风拂面的黎明,曙光揭去夜幕的轻纱,映出灿烂的朝霞,我乘"欢乐海"轮由此进入了密西西比河.河口处来往船只穿流如梭,高大的油井架星罗棋布地矗立在河口两岸.逆流北上,一块块整齐的盐田映入眼帘,偶尔可见海豚戏水,鲨鱼跳跃.     

浅谈长江危险货物运输船舶消防监督检查

长江是我国主要的运输河流,进入21世纪,长江航运迅猛发展。2007年的货运量一举突破10亿t大关,达到11.23亿t,是密西西比河货运量的2倍,是莱茵河货运量的3倍。成为世界上内河航道通航里程最长、运量最大、运输最为繁忙的通航河流,成为名副其实的黄金水道。     

密西西比河午夜走锚

人们也许记忆犹新。2005年8月28日特大飓风“卡特里娜”袭击美国密西西比河，狂风卷着海水溯流而上至新奥而良以北，湖泊、河流决堤没平屋顶。消息令世界震惊。     

山区河流滩险航道整治的有效资源利用

根据山区河流滩险航道整治的实践经验,在归纳认识的基础上提出了有效资源的利用问题,将其划分为外部和内部两种资源,结合实例对其应用进行了阐释。     

船舶进出密西西比河航行细节及注意事项

0引言密西西比河是美国南北航运的大动脉,其发源于美国西部偏北落基山北段的群山峻岭中,由北向南纵贯美国大平原,注入墨西哥湾,全长3 950 km;若加上密苏里河及其汇入密西西比河河口以下的长度,则达到6 262 km,成为北美大陆流程最远、流域面积最广、水量最大的水系;其下游河段是从俄亥俄河河口到密西西比河三角洲的河口部分,全长1 570km。密西西比河出海口的自然平面形成形似鸡爪的4支水道,即西南水道、南水道、东南水道和洛脱     

密西西比河航标配布

密西西比河是世界主要内河航道之一,其通航条件优越,航运发达,在美国社会经济发展及国防建设中发挥了重要作用。本文以密西西比河航标配布为研究对象,阐述了密西西比河采用的航标系统及航标类型,以期能为我国内河航道航标配布提供参考和借鉴。     

微型河工模型试验技术与理论基础初探

据Robert.D.Davinroy在美刊《土木工程》1999年7月发表的《微型河工模型技术在密西西比河工程中的运用》一文介绍,美国陆军工程师团开发的一项新的微型河工模型试验技术已获得了专利。该技术采用大比尺大变率的物理模型模拟河流水流泥沙运动情况,已在密西西比河、密苏里河等航道整治、鱼类和野生生物的生存环境等项目研究中得到成功运用。该技术在试验周期方面,可与数学模型相媲美,而且,比数学模型更为直观;在试验精度方面,可与大型河工模型相比。由于文中对该试验关键技术及其理论基础未作详细介绍,笔者对其进行初步探索,以便能为我国目前正在进行的长江航道系统治理工程方案试验研究提供借鉴。     

浅谈危险品运输船舶消防管理

长江是我国唯一贯穿东中西部的水路交通大通道,发展势头十分强劲,已超过美国的密西西比河和欧洲的莱茵河,成为目前世界上内河运输最繁忙、运量最大的通航河流,成为了名副其实的黄金水道。近年来,随着沿江经济迅猛发展,长江水上危险品运输量逐年上升,运输品种不断增加,安全形势不容忽视。由于危险品运输船舶不同于一般的货船,有很大的     

长江黄金水道“十一五”蓝图方案

长江全长6300余公里，是我国第一、世界第三大河，于流流经七省二市，是我国唯一贯穿东、中、西部的水路交通大通道。主要支流沟通长江南北地区，是流域综合运输体系的重要组成部分，长江水运货运量已经超过了美国的密西西比河和欧洲的莱茵河，成为目前世界上内河运输最繁忙、运量最大的通航河流。     

The association of the population recruitment of gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, with Mississippi River discharge

Gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, which constitutes a major industrial reduction fishery in the USA, spawn across the northern Gulf of Mexico with a focus of spawning about the Mississippi Delta. This species is estuarine dependent; adults spawn over the continental shelf and their larvae are transported, by mechanisms that are presently not well understood, to estuarine nursery areas. Larval gulf menhaden, along with some other surface oriented larval fishes, appear to aggregate along the Mississippi River plume front, while evidence of the ecological consequences of this aggregation in terms of the feeding, growth, and survival of larvae is ambiguous. On an annual scale, Mississippi River discharge is negatively associated with numbers of half year old recruits. Discharge of the Mississippi River and the population recruitment of gulf menhaden may be plausibly linked through the action of the river's plume and its front on the shoreward transport of larvae. Greater river discharge results in an expansive plume that might project larvae farther offshore and prolong the shoreward transport of larvae. An indirect, decadal scale, positive response of recruitment and river discharge is possible, but not certain. Recruitment became elevated after 1975 when river discharge increased and became highly variable. This response might owe to enhanced primary and secondary production driven by nutrient influx from the Mississippi River.     

Simulated responses of the Gulf of Mexico hypoxia to variations in climate and anthropogenic nutrient loading

A mathematical model was used to simulate monthly responses of the Gulf of Mexico hypoxia to variations in climate and anthropogenic nutrient loading over a 45-year period. We examined six hypothetical future scenarios that are based on observed and projected changes in the Mississippi River discharge, Mississippi River nitrate concentrations, and ambient water temperatures. In particular, we investigated the implications of a 30% decrease in the Mississippi River nitrogen flux, which was recently proposed by the Mississippi River Watershed/Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Task Force as a measure to reduce the size of the hypoxic zone. Model simulations suggest that the frequency of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico is highly sensitive to variations in riverine nitrate flux, but also to variations in freshwater discharge and ambient water temperatures. A 30% decrease in the Mississippi River nitrate flux, for example, would reduce the frequency of hypoxia by 37%. Nevertheless, a 20% increase the Mississippi River discharge, which may occur under some climate change scenarios, would produce an increase in the frequency of hypoxia of the same magnitude. Thus, if the potential climatic variations are taken into account, a 30% decrease in the nitrogen flux of the Mississippi River may not be sufficient to accomplish the proposed hypoxia management goal.     

欧美国家内河航运开发经验与船型标准化发展

本文介绍了美国和欧盟国家在内河航运开发建设中的成功经验,特别是密西西比河和莱茵河航道和船闸的现代化建设,促进了船型标准化。这对我国推广内河船型标准化有很大的启发和借鉴作用。     

开发西淝河航道

西淝河腹地是矿产资源蕴藏丰富的地区 ,航道被评定为Ⅲ级航道 ,开发西淝河是航道部门多年的夙愿 ,也是国民经济发展的需要。     

珠江水系内河航运发展SWOT分析

珠江航运有着悠久的传统,是我国内河航运第二大水系。进入21世纪以来,CEPA、中国东盟自由贸易区以及泛珠江三角洲等区域经济合作的深入,为珠江航运赋予了新的使命。文中采用SWOT分析方法,分别从珠江航运企业、人力资源、船舶、基础设施、港口的供给以及需求方面对珠江航运自身的优劣势、所面临的威胁和机遇进行分析,并提出珠江航运发展的建议。     

Biological effects of Mississippi River nitrogen on the northern gulf of Mexico—a review and synthesis

The Mississippi River currently delivers approximately 1.82 Tg N year⁻¹ (1.3×10¹¹ mol N year⁻¹) to the northern Gulf of Mexico. This large input dominates the biological processes of the region. The “new” nitrogen from the river stimulates high levels of phytoplankton production which in turn support high rates of bacterial production, protozoan and metazoan grazing, and fisheries production. A portion of the particulate organic matter produced in the pelagic food web sinks out of the euphotic zone where it contributes to high rates of oxygen consumption in the bottom waters of the inner shelf, resulting in the development of an extensive zone of hypoxia each summer. In spite of the significance of this river system to the coastal ocean of the northern gulf, we do not have an adequate understanding of the inputs, processing and ultimate fates of river nitrogen. Here we review available literature on this important system and propose a conceptual model showing how biological processes evolve in the river plume between the point of discharge and the point where plume waters are fully diluted by mixing with oceanic water.     

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金沙江梯级开发航运发展条件研究

介绍金沙江中下游航道与港口现状及发展规划和水电开发利用规划,对金沙江航运经济腹地进行综合交通运输体系分析并对典型路径运输成本进行测算。在调研分析的基础上,对金沙江客货运量和主要港口吞吐量进行预测。结合水电梯级开发对航道条件的影响,分析金沙江航道开发潜能,提出长江干线航道上延至金沙江的合理区段。针对金沙江中下游4个水电枢纽的现场条件,分析适应翻坝运输的货种对象,提出过坝线路选择与运输组织的原则,开展"水-陆-水"翻坝运输方案与"陆-水"公路短途驳运方案的技术经济分析。以期为金沙江攀枝花—水富段航运资源开发论证提供参考。     

天然河流航道整治定级的理论计算方法

在编制航道发展规划时,首先应从自然条件角度论证航道资源的开发潜能,然后再根据社会经济不同发展时期的需要制定出各时期的航道建设方案。基于上述理念,文中以水力学、河流动力学等学科为理论基础,提出了一种天然河流航道整治定级的理论计算方法,能够反映天然河流经航道整治后可能达到的航道标准。经西江桂梧段航道基本资料的实例演算,表明该研究思路和方法合理可行,能使航道整治定级工作更趋科学合理。     

广东省内河主干航道船型标准化探讨

本文在分析莱茵河、密西西比河及长江、珠江主干航道船型标准化发展现状的基础上,探讨广东省内河主干航道船型标准化开发特色之路。