International regulation of liability for multimodal transport

The establishment of a widely acceptable uniform international legal framework for multimodal transport has proven to be extremely difficult. In spite of attempts by various international organizations, following the advent of container revolution, there is still no uniform international legal regime in force to govern liability for loss, damage or delay arising from multimodal transportation. In 2002 the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) embarked on the elaboration of a draft instrument to cover contracts for the international carriage of goods. The Draft Instrument, which had been prepared to govern sea transport, is proposed also to cover multimodal transport involving a sea leg.     

船舶管理公司的法律地位与责任

基于船舶管理和船舶管理人的法律含义、我国船舶管理业和调整船舶管理业的法律现状的介绍,分析和论述了我国船舶管理业务市场准入制度,船舶管理人的法律地位及其与政府主管部门、委托人和第三者的法律关系,以及船舶管理人可能承担的行政责任和民事责任,并提出了完善我国调整船舶管理业的法律和船舶管理人减少经营责任风险的建议。     

Multimodal transport in the new millennium

Consignors of goods in international trade want their containers to move door to door whether by land, sea or air — smoothly, seamlessly and at predictable cost. What they actually get from the law is at best a jerky roller coaster: a series of contracts, one for each mode or stage of the journey, contracts with various people and with liability that varies too. All agree that the law should change but attempts to agree on an entirely new multimodal regime have failed. Recently attempts have been not to start again but to expand an existing and established regime. The latest of these, the UNCITRAL draft, is essentially maritime: it applies to the sea phase but and goes further to apply door to door except when its path is blocked by compulsory unimodal law. Has Venus at last arisen from the waves? And what will happen when Beauty meets the Beast in the form of CMR? This article addresses the problems that will be encountered by an ambitious amphibious instrument of this kind. — problems of integration, of compatibility with local legal culture, and of methodology.     

一体化运营的钦州自动化码头海铁联运发展

针对多式联运建设过程中铁路与港口最后1 km迟迟不能打通的问题,以钦州港自动化码头海铁联运为实践案例,分析了海铁联运现状和推进过程中数据不通、运输规则不同等困难。基于海运与铁路2套不同的运行机制特点,采用实证研究法和个案研究法,提出先实现物理区域合并、堆场资源共享,再打破信息壁垒、实现信息系统融合,最终实现统一调度、业务融合的一体化运营的分步式推进路径。研究成果可为其他港口海铁联运建设提供借鉴。     

“桑吉”轮油污损害赔偿法律适用问题探析

“桑吉”轮所载货物凝析油,不属于《1992年责任公约》所调整的“持久性油类”范畴,此外其还装载有1900余吨船用燃料油。该案作为世界上首例“凝析油”油船海难事故,因此导致油污损害赔偿法律适用问题并不明朗,适用不同法律可能导致相关方赔偿责任限制差异巨大。探究“桑吉”轮案油污损害赔偿法律适用问题,不仅有助于满足我国现实司法需要,更可为我国乃至世界处理此类油污损害问题提供有益借鉴。文中将从国际公约及国内法角度,对“桑吉”轮油污损害赔偿问题可能涉及的法律适用问题进行探析。     

Eastern/Western European shipping companies and multimodal transport operations

The purpose of this article is to discuss the current developments in multimodal cargo flows in North European freight transports from Eastern and Western European shipping companies' point of view. Four types of options were identified for shipping companies in multimodal transport operations, namely: (i) the full service operator option, (ii) the feeder operator option in container trades, (iii) the ro-ro operator option, and (iv) the ferry operator option. Option (i) requires a global transport network together with efficient information handling capabilities. This option can be reached by a limited number of mega-carriers. The scope of investment and know-how in this option is such that Eastern European operators are unlikely to achieve this level. In (ii), fleets from (or registered in) the former socialist countries have an advantage as low cost operators, provided that the quality of the operation conforms to principals' requirements. However, the supply side in the intra-European container feeder trades seems to be quite saturated, and new market shares will be very difficult to acquire in the 1990s. In ro-ro shortsea trades the major freight transport operators are well integrated into either freight forwarder driven arrangements (Sweden, Germany), or into major shippers (Finland). As providers of port-to-port transports for road-based cargoes, ferry operators continue to play an important part in international transports. However, the major incentive (and revenue) for passenger/car ferry operations is usually derived from consumers' vacational or travelling needs. Along with the ongoing transition process and a higher level of economic stability that is hopefully achieved in these countries, mergers and acquisitions by Western partners are likely to follow.     

简述建设工程设计合同的法律风险识别与防范

合同作为建设工程设计项目的载体,明确各方权责显得尤为重要.面对复杂的情况,如何准确识别法律风险,合理规避风险,做好防患于未然是需要重点研究的课题.从合同制定的全过程进行监控,合理分析合同签订、变更、履行、赔偿等各环节中可能遇到的状况和风险,使建设工程设计的进行达到预期效果.本文以合同的法律风险识别为出发点,阐述识别法律...     

关于对水上交通事故责任人进行刑事追究的探讨

文中针对部分构成交通肇事罪的水上交通事故由于种种原因仍一定程度上存在以行政处罚“代替”刑事处罚的现象,结合实际,从水上交通事故中的责任人刑事责任追究的法律依据、案件移送、实例探讨、目前水上交通事故刑责追究工作存在的不足及建议等方面进行了简要分析。     

船舶污染的刑事责任

近几年来,已经有多起船舶污染案件,船员被遭受污染的沿岸国提起刑事诉讼,并且被追究了刑事责任。国际上各有关利益方也正在为船舶污染所涉及的刑事方面的问题争论不休,而这些问题,在中国也同样存在。文中基于中国现行法律的有关规定,对于中国法下船舶污染刑事责任的有关问题进行了分析。     

海事赔偿责任限制的法律适用

由于各国关于海事赔偿责任限制的法律规定不一样,因此,在涉外海事赔偿责任限制法律关系中就需要进行法律选择,以确定所应适用的法律。国际社会关于海事赔偿责任限制的法律适用主要有适用法院地法、适用侵权行为地法、适用船旗国法、适用最密切联系原则几种立法模式,中国《海商法》关于海事赔偿责任限制的法律适用宜规定为:海事赔偿责任限制适用船旗国法,若海事赔偿责任限制与其他国家的法律有更密切联系,则适用其他国家的法律。     

集装箱多式联运虚拟企业构建初探

集装箱多式联运作为一种先进的运输方式,在国际贸易中起到了相当重要的作用.针对目前集装箱多式联运中的一些问题,提出构建集装箱多式联运虚拟企业,根据具体的运输任务将承运人企业及各个运输企业最大的优势动态地组合在一起,最高效地完成任务,使集装箱多式联运虚拟企业的整体力量远远大于其构成要素的单个力量的简单总和.     

论船舶配员服务行为的法律属性

船舶配员服务作为一种航运实务中非常活跃的经济行为,其真实法律属性直接影响到各相关方权利责任的分配．文中从船舶配员服务行为法律属性入手,分析演化过程,力图在复杂的航运实际与法律法规的规定中找到平衡点。     

FIDIC条件下设计方职业责任探讨

随着对外交往的不断深入,国内及国际上越来越多的工程采用F ID IC合同进行建设。文章主要分析了设计方在F ID IC条件下的职业责任的特点、水平、裁定方法,在此基础上探讨了职业责任的合理规避措施。     

武汉港阳逻港区多式联运发展思路

多式联运能够充分发挥各种运输方式的综合优势,对于推动物流业降本增效、完善现代综合交通运输体系具有积极意义。武汉港阳逻港区具备发展多式联运的各项要素,但缺乏对多式联运发展的系统性规划,港区多式联运发展相对滞后,综合交通优势尚未有效发挥。通过总结典型案例的发展经验,结合港区内外部综合因素,思考港区多式联运发展思路,探讨港区多式联运的布局规划以及综合服务的提升,并提出相关建议。     

试论行政执法程序公正的内涵

文章通过论述行政执法程序公正的重要性,阐述行政执法程序公正是依法治国基本方略的重要标志,是实施执法监督、防止执法腐败的运行机制,是以人为本、执法为民思想的具体体现。因此,必须教育行政执法人员树立程序本位理念和法定主义理念,提高对法律的忠诚、尊重、崇尚,并通过发挥内外部监督的作用,使执法责任制和错案追究制真正落到实处,进一步完善社会主义法制,构建社会主义和谐社会。     

Universal jurisdiction as obligation to prosecute or extradite

Before searching for new legal solutions to manage maritime piracy problems, especially those related to jurisdiction, it is essential to examine and analyse the existing international legal framework to determine whether current international legal instruments are already appropriate to face off this threat. One such principle is the “Aut dedere aut iudicare” principle, which has been also codified into SUA Convention, at art. 6 par. 4. This obligation comes from an international treaty, so it cannot be disregarded by any state (short of becoming susceptible to international liability), neither can it be amended by a national law. If a state party has inadequate law resources to establish its jurisdiction, or if unable or unwilling to prosecute the pirate, then such state party has no choice but extradite the pirate. If we consider the above principle as a conventional obligation, then it should be limited only to state parties, and it should be applied only under conditions stated by SUA Convention. Instead, if we consider it as a customary law principle, because piracy—as crimen iuris gentium—offends international community as a whole, then such principle shall be binding without any limit or condition.     

多式联运业务中货主、货代和联运经营人有关知识介绍

The multimodal transport industry is inherently complicated the very nature of the business makes it so intemationally it has developed very rapidly and is continuing to do so Domestically,China has made a good start with sahanghai,Guang zhou and dalian as its multimodal transport hubs.     

试论VTS值班人员行为性质的界定及其责任分析

文中主要从VTS值班人员法律保护的角度,对VTS值班人员值班行为性质及其产生的法律责任问题进行了探讨．     

海铁集装箱多式联运物联网应用现状及发展思考

多式联运是一种以实现货物整体运输最优化效益为目标的联运组织形式,对建立以高效、低碳为特征的综合交通运输体系、促进区域经济协调发展具有重要意义。由于历史原因,我国多式联运与国外发达国家相比还有很大的差距,而物联网技术的发展为解决多式联运存在的问题提供了可能。从国内外多式联运的现状出发,阐述我国海铁集装箱多式联运与国外的差距,提出以物联网为基础的多式联运总体解决方案。