桥梁抗震性能评价及抗震加固技术研究

《桥梁抗震性能评价及抗震加固技术研究》项目结合我国西部地区桥梁结构的具体特点,将调查研究、理论分析与试验方法相结合,开展适合西部地区特点、并具有在全国其他地区推广前景的桥梁结构抗震性能评价及抗震加固技术研究。本篇对该项目研究的内容、成果及创新性技术进行推介,为桥梁工程的抗震性能评价与加固提供方法借鉴。     

桥梁维修加固施工技术研究

文章以崇左大桥维修加固项目为工程背景,介绍了桥梁维修加固的原因、原则,阐述了桥梁维修加固的施工技术,以期为桥梁维修加固技术的实际运用提供借鉴。     

柳南高速公路洛维大桥维修加固与质量控制措施探讨

文章结合柳州(鹿寨)至南宁高速公路改扩建项目洛维大桥维修加固的工程特点,根据现有桥梁病害情况,综合利用加设体外纵向预应力钢束加固、粘结钢板加固、粘贴碳纤维布加固等方法,结合裂缝处理技术,提出适用于既有单箱式连续刚构桥梁和预应力T梁结构特点的维修加固方案,可有效提高桥梁承载力和耐久性,保证桥梁维修施工质量,为相似工程提供借鉴。     

桥梁检测与加固技术

近年来，随着桥梁建设事业的飞速发展，桥梁结构的使用荷载日益增大，大批既有桥梁结构也进入了老化期，桥梁检测与加固由此越发显得重要。 多年来，西部交通建设科技项目管理中心进行了大量桥梁检测评定与加固技术的研究，所取得的系列成果及积累的经验表明：公路旧桥检测评定与加固技术的研究及推广不仅对规范公路旧桥加固改造市场、提升旧桥加固技术水平和质量品质是十分必要的，而且具有可观的经济效益和社会效应。本篇针对西部地区在桥梁检测与加固技术研究方面取得的部分成果进行介绍，以期推广应用。     

EPC建设模式在桥梁维修加固工程中的应用

EPC建设模式有利于对项目进行统筹规划,能够提高业主方的管理效率,并有利于项目的费用控制和质量控制。鉴于此,就EPC建设模式在桥梁维修加固工程中的应用进行研究,提出了EPC建设模式在桥梁维修加固中的管理内容、主要功能、应用前景等。     

西部地区在役中小跨径桥梁承载力快速检评技术研究

《西部地区在役中小跨径桥梁承载力快速检评技术研究》项目结合国内外在役中小跨径桥梁的技术特点,本着科学、实用、创新的原则,重点研究基于可获取的模态测试数据,以达到承载能力快速评定的目的。本篇介绍了该项目的主要研究内容和研究方法,总结提炼了其研究成果和创新点,旨在使这项技术在今后中小跨径桥梁承载力评定过程中逐步取代传统的荷载试验法,并促使该技术在西部省份乃至全国范围内推广应用。     

高速公路桥梁维修加固工程

叙述了运营中的高速公路桥梁维修加固工程,介绍了高压喷射灌浆、毕克法封缝、粘贴碳纤维片等方法在高速公路桥梁维修加固中的应用.     

城市桥梁维修加固施工技术研究

依据城市桥梁维修加固工程案例,分析城市桥梁主要病害,结合相关经验,探寻城市桥梁维修加固施工技术应用要点。结果显示,加强城市桥梁状态检测,根据检测结果科学制定维修加固施工方案,合理选用维修加固施工技术,并在技术应用过程中做好质量控制工作,可在一定程度上保证施工技术应用作用充分发挥,实现城市桥梁维修加固目标有效达成,保障城市桥梁稳定、安全、长久运行。     

广西桥梁监测及加固工程技术研究中心

依托广西交通科学研究院组建的广西桥梁监测及加固工程技术研究中心（以下简称工程中心），于2009年经自治区科学技术厅批准组建。工程中心集“大型桥梁结构试验研究（应用基础）一桥梁检测及加固设计（工程化）一技术输出（产业化）”为一体，是广西目前最先进的桥梁监测及加固科研开发平台，主要从事桥梁快速检测评定技术、桥梁结构实时监测技术、桥梁结构病害诊治和维修加固新技术新材料的研究。     

公路桥梁养护与维修加固技术研究

桥梁作为确保公路安全畅通的首要前提,其质量好坏直接影响着公路的安全运营,因此必须重视桥梁的维修与加固工作,以确保公路桥梁的稳定性与安全性。鉴于此,主要讨论了对公路桥梁进行养护与加固的必要性,并重点介绍了公路桥梁养护与维修中存在的问题以及桥梁维修加固的技术方法,以期为相关工程提供理论依据。     

高速公路改扩建工程水土保持监测与评价

开展水土流失监测是水土保持监管的重要手段。文章以广西沿海高速公路改扩建工程一期工程水土保持监测实践为例,分析了工程建设水土流失特点,介绍了水土保持监测技术和方法,并通过对工程实例监测结果的分析评价,提出了水土保持监测工作中易出现的问题及相应的解决方案。     

Logsums for utility-maximizers and regret-minimizers,and their relation with desirability and satisfaction

This paper studies to what extent the Logsum-measure of user benefits relates to travelers’ perceptions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction. Knowing these relations is important since researchers have recently started to analyze and interpret user benefits in general – and Logsums in specific – in terms of these more behaviorally oriented notions, rather than in terms of expected utility. Participants to a stated route choice experiment were asked to indicate, after each choice made, to what extent they considered the choice set to be desirable, or to what extent they were satisfied with the chosen alternative. These measurements were correlated with Logsums that were computed for each choice situation. In addition, the paper derives a regret-based Logsum (which gives the expected regret of a choice situation) and presents a comparison with its utilitarian counterpart. Also for this regret-based Logsum, correlations with desirability- and satisfaction-ratings are computed. As a general finding, it appears that all computed correlations are rather weak. This suggests that, at least in the context of our data, the utility-based Logsum and its regret-based counterpart appear to have only a fairly weak connection with the behavioral notions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction.     

隧道及地下工程结构防排水技术的发展和应用

文章总结了大瑶山隧道修建以来其复合式衬砌结构防排水试验研究和应用情况,介绍了塑料防水隔离层的防水机理及各种防水型式的优缺点,提出了改进建议.     

互联互通,走向繁荣

设施联通是"一带一路"国际合作高峰论坛六个平行主题会议之一,以"互联互通、走向繁荣"为主题,各国共商共议交通、能源、通信等设施联通务实合作。随着未来全球范围内基础设施的升级换代和互联互通,交通、能源与通信技术融合发展,催生新的业态,是拉动经济增长的新动能。在新一代基础设施网络体系的建设中,后发国家面临跨越发展的难得机遇,中国基础设施发展的经验具有重要借鉴意义。     

公路与水路运输节能减排量化分析和比较

通过研究汽车与船舶的油耗特点,结合燃油种类与CO_2排放量的关系,建立了计算公路运输与水路运输单位耗油量与单位CO_2排放量的数学模型。通过敏感性分析,研究车速或航速与载货率对车辆或船舶单位CO_2排放量的影响。以从厦门港到盐田港的干散货运输为例,做了节能减排计算分析,并将结果与用其他方法获得的结果对比。在此基础上,对公路运输与水路运输节能减排做了敏感性分析研究,可以计算出能够体现水路运输节能减排优势的临界货运量。结果表明本文中介绍的方法能够为核算、比较公路运输与水路运输的节能减排效果提供更科学的量化参考。     

Resilience and accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities

Recent years have shown a rising popularity of the concept of resilience—both theoretically and empirically—in complex systems analysis. There is also a rising literature on resilience in the transport and spatial-economic field. The pluriform interpretation of resilience (e.g., engineering vs. ecological resilience) is related to methodological differences (e.g., stability in dynamics vs. evolutionary adaptivity). But in all cases the fundamental question is whether a complex system that is subjected to an external shock is able to recover, and if so, to which extent. The present paper [Based on presentation from cluster 6 (Accessibility) of the Nectar 2015 conference in Ann Arbour, USA.] aims to add a new dimension to resilience analysis in spatial systems, by addressing in particular the relationship between spatial accessibility at a municipality level and the resilience outcomes of the spatial system concerned. It does so by investigating to which extent accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities has mitigated the local shock absorption from the recent economic recession. In our study the shock absorption capacity of municipal accessibility is estimated by analysing the relevant resilience indicators for the period concerned. In this context, conventional resilience indicators based on either multivariate complex data (in particular, the Foster Resilience Capacity Index) or employment data (in particular, the Martin Resilience-Employment Index) are confronted with spatial connectivity data based on local accessibility measures, so that geographical mobility may be regarded as one of the shock-mitigating factors. The empirical analysis is carried out for two countries which have both proven to be rather shock-resistant during the recent economic crisis, viz. Sweden and The Netherlands. Clearly, the geographical structure of these countries forms a sharp mutual contrast, viz. a spatially dispersed economy with a few distinct urban concentrations versus a spatially dense economy with one major metropolitan centre (the Randstad), respectively. Our experiments are carried out for the 290 municipalities in Sweden and 40 COROPs in The Netherlands. Our research findings show relevant and new insights into differences in the local recovery potential in Sweden and The Netherlands.     

Subjective well-being and travel: retrospect and prospect

Although the improvement of well-being is often an implicitly-assumed goal of many, if not most, public policies, the study of subjective well-being (SWB) and travel has so far been confined to a relatively small segment of the travel behavior community. Accordingly, one main purpose of this paper is to introduce a larger share of the community to some fundamental SWB-related concepts and their application in transportation research, with the goal of attracting others to this rewarding area of study. At the same time, however, I also hope to offer some useful reflections to those already working in this field. After discussing some basic issues of terminology and measurement of SWB, I present from the literature four conceptual models relating travel and subjective well-being. Following one of those models, I review five ways in which travel can influence well-being. I conclude by examining some challenges associated with assessing the impacts of travel on well-being, as well as challenges associated with applying what we learn to policy.

     

材料节约与循环利用专项行动计划技术成果简介

当前,加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会已提升为国家战略。交通运输部为加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型交通,组织开展了“材料节约与循环利用专项行动计划”。通过专项行动大力推广路面再生技术、废胎胶粉筑路应用技术、机制砂混凝土技术以及聚合物改性水泥混凝土技术等西部交通建设科技项目成果,以为交通建设资源的高效利用和循环使用提供示范。本刊现以专栏形式介绍上述成果的相关内容,以飨读者。