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通过分析在满足一定可靠性要求条件下出行者追求总预期出行时间最小的择路行为,定义交通网络的惯常均衡态。以不同的出行者会增加相异的出行时间预算为假设前提,建立相应的多用户变分不等式交通分配模型。这一模型不仅具有不依赖具体路阻函数形式的一般化建模特征,而且避免了现有文献中必须处理非凸约束集的问题,因此可以对模型的解进行定性分析。针对该模型,提出相应的求解算法。由于求解算法仅需对现有的网络交通分配算法加以局部修改即可实现,因此可被应用于实际规模的网络分析。通过算例结果的比较分析说明新模型及算法不仅有效,而且更符合现实。 相似文献
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为了定量化测度行程时间可变性右偏且长尾的实证特征,考虑实际观测中可能存在的数据样本量不足和离群值干扰问题,提出基于线性矩的L-偏度和L-峰度用于精确表征行程时间可变性。考虑到线性矩是顺序统计量期望的线性组合,给出了避免遍历所有子样本的线性矩估计方法。根据线性矩概念,探究了L-偏度和L-峰度的数学含义和其表征行程时间可变性的有效性,以及样本L-偏度和L-峰度的计算方法。理论研究发现,在表征范围和样本估计质量方面,相较于传统偏度和峰度,L-偏度和L-峰度对行程时间可变性具有更加优越的表征能力。采用深圳市车牌照识别系统的行程时间数据集进行案例分析,从无偏性、鲁棒性和有效性3个维度证明了L-偏度和L-峰度相较于传统偏度和峰度的优越性。分析结果如下:样本L-偏度和L-峰度在样本量不足时仍然是总体近似的无偏估计,而传统偏度和峰度的系统性误差较大;L-偏度和L-峰度对离群值具有鲁棒性,而传统偏度和峰度对离群值过于敏感;样本L-偏度和L-峰度对总体的估计波动小且精度高,具有良好的估计有效性;L-偏度和L-峰度分别与传统偏度和峰度有较高相关性,但又能够辨识出不同时空下行程时间可变性分布的差异。基于L-偏... 相似文献
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供需不确定条件下的预算-超额用户平衡模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为更加全面、准确反映随机路网中出行者规避风险的择路行为,以预算-超额行程时间作为出行者选择路径的依据,提出了一种供应及需求不确定条件下同时考虑可靠性和不可靠性的交通分配模型——预算-超额用户平衡模型,推导了需求服从Gamma分布、路段通行能力服从均匀分布条件下预算-超额行程时间的解析表达式,并以此为基础建立起用等价变分不等式表示的平衡模型。利用一个小型测试网络比较了用户平衡模型、基于可靠性的用户平衡模型以及预算-超额用户平衡模型的性能。研究结果表明:提出的模型是有效、可行的;其平衡流量模式不同于用户平衡模型和基于可靠性的用户平衡模型;随着需求水平、可靠度以及路段通行能力退化程度的增加,预算-超额行程时间随之增加。 相似文献
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研究和分析了基于行程时间可靠度的交通流量分配对道路网络结构可靠度产生的影响,行程时间采用BPR路阻函数,假定行程时间服从Weibull分布,推导出路段行程时间可靠度同路段饱和度之间的关系式.以路段行程时间可靠度80%,即路段饱和度1.0,为衡量和控制标准,对路段超出控制标准部分的交通流量进行重新分配,利用蒙特卡罗MATLAB计算程序计算出分配前后各路段路面结构可靠度,再利用网络串并联原理分别计算出交通流量分配前和分配后的道路网络结构可靠度.通过实例对比分析交通流量分配前后的道路路段可靠度和路网结构可靠度可知:以行程时间可靠度为分配标准较以畅通可靠度为分配标准更合理;路段拥堵时的交通流量分配虽可以提高相应路段可靠度,但会降低整个路网结构可靠度. 相似文献
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已知路段输入流u(t)条件下,利用动态交通分配模型中广泛使用的路段行程时间与路段车流量具有线性关系即τ(t)=α βx(t)的模型,给出了路段输出流v(t)的一般表达式和路段行程时间的递归表达式。在路段车流满足先进先出(FIFO)的条件下,结合任意时刻t的车流量表达式和线性路段行程时间模型得出了输出流v(t)与输入流u(t)的关系式。并由此得出了时刻的路段车流量表达式,从而给出了关于路段行程时间更明确的结果。根据文章的结论,对文献[2]中的实例进行了数值仿真,验证了其结果;同时运用道路交通流调查所得到的数据,进行了数值仿真,所得结果与实际相符。 相似文献
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已知路段输入流,基于Greenshields提出的速度-密度关系模型以及Jayakrishnan et.al提出的改进的Greenshields 速度-密度关系模型所描述的路段交通流特征,分别给出了关于路段输出流的常微分方程模型.针对无法得到该模型的解析解,利用龙格-库塔-芬尔格算法给出初始条件下的数值解.在已知输出流的条件下,每个时刻的路段交通流的行程时间也相应给出.仿真结果表明,针对两类不同速度-密度关系所建立的输出流模型,所得到每个时刻的输出流基本相似,但路段行程时间存在明显差异.与交通流调查数据比较,基于改进的Greenshields速度-密度关系的输出流模型的行程时间更接近真实情况. 相似文献
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The decision making of travelers for route choice and departure time choice depends on the expected travel time and its reliability. A common understanding of reliability is that it is related to several statistical properties of the travel time distribution, especially to the standard deviation of the travel time and also to the skewness. For an important corridor in Changsha (P.R. China) the travel time reliability has been evaluated and a linear model is proposed for the relationship between travel time, standard deviation, skewness, and some other traffic characteristics. Statistical analysis is done for both simulation data from a delay distribution model and for real life data from automated number plate recognition (ANPR) cameras. ANPR data give unbiased travel time data, which is more representative than probe vehicles. The relationship between the mean travel time and its standard deviation is verified with an analytical model for travel time distributions as well as with the ANPR travel times. Average travel time and the standard deviation are linearly correlated for single links as well as corridors. Other influence factors are related to skewness and travel time standard deviations, such as vehicle density and degree of saturation. Skewness appears to be less well to explain from traffic characteristics than the standard deviation is. 相似文献
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根据动态交通分配模型中广泛使用的路段行程时间与路段车流量具有二次函数关系的模型,在已知路段输入流的条件下,给出了路段输出流的一般表达式和路段行程时间的递归表达式.在路段车流满足先进先出的条件下,结合任意时刻的车流量表达式和线性路段行程时间模型得出输出流与输入流的关系式,导出此时刻的路段车流量表达式,从而给出了更明确的关于路段行程时间的表达式;同时结合道路交通流调查数据,对一些实例进行了数值仿真,所得结果与实际相符. 相似文献
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运行时间可靠度在单向交通组织中的应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
运用网络可靠性计算的串并联理论,提出了道路网络中节点OD(Origin-Destination)对之间的路径运行时间可靠度计算方法,建立了基于节点OD需求的路网运行时间可靠度计算模型。在节点OD需求已知的情况下,根据交通组织状况,采用动态交通分配和交通仿真方法获得模型参数,计算节点OD对之间分别在双向和单向交通组织条件下的运行时间可靠度,并建立交通组织方案的临界判别条件,作为单向交通组织方案评价和决策的量化指标。 相似文献
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基于行程质量的随机用户平衡分配模型 总被引:12,自引:4,他引:12
提出行程质量的概念以描述出行者在不确定环境下的路径选择准则。将行程质量定义为行程时间和行程时间可靠性的线性加权和,综合了影响路径选择的两个不同的重要因素:行程时间和行程时间可靠性。假定在路段通行能力随机变化的情况下出行者以估计行程质量费用最小作为路径选择的标准,建立了基于行程质量的随机用户平衡分配模型。证明了模型解的等价性和唯一性,给出了求解模型的MSA算法。在一个小型测试网络上的计算结果表明:模型能够反映出行者在随机路网中的路径选择行为。 相似文献
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Recent studies have confirmed that travelers consider travel time reliability in addition to average travel time when making route choice decisions. In this study, we develop a bi-objective routing model that seeks to simultaneously optimize the average travel time and travel time reliability. The semi-standard deviation (SSD) is chosen as the reliability measure because it reflects travelers' concerns over longer travel time better than the commonly used standard deviation. The Pareto-optimal solutions to the bi-objective model are found by using an improved strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm. Tests on a real-world urban network with field measured travel time data have demonstrated good performance of the algorithm in the aspects, such as computational efficiency, quick convergence, and closeness to the global Pareto-optimal. Overall, the bi-objective routing model generates reasonable path recommendations. The SSD-based model is sensitive to the asymmetry of travel time distribution and tends to avoid paths with excessively long delays. This would be particularly helpful to those users placing high values on travel time reliability. 相似文献
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预约能调整城市交通的供需关系, 最大化利用交通资源。针对私家车通勤引发的交通拥堵, 研究了预约出行条件下私家车通勤客流分配方法。将车辆分为受控的预约车辆和不受控的非预约车辆, 道路状态分为可预约状态和不可预约状态, 给出了道路状态判别及车辆行程时间计算方法, 构建了城市通勤私家车的预约出行模型。以Nguyen-Dupuis网络作为算例, 从行程时间和预约数量2个方面评价车辆实施预约出行的效果。结果表明: 预约比例由0%提升至100%时, 路径的行程时间降低20%~30%, 平均行程时间从610 s降低至466 s; 当预约比例为30%时能获得全部预约比例的80%收益; 全部车辆均期望参与预约时, 由于预约需求的不均衡仍有2%的车辆预约失败。得出结论, 当预约出行的比例达到30%~40%时, 即可达到缓解拥堵的预期效果。 相似文献
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Travel time reliability is very critical for emergency vehicle (EV) service and operation. The travel time characteristics of EVs are quite different from those of ordinary vehicles (OVs). Although EVs own highest road privilege, they may still experience unexpected delay that results in massive loss to the society. In this study, we employ the generalized extreme value (GEV) theory to measure extremely prolonged travel time and analyze the potential influential factors. First, among three GEV distributions, Weibull distributions are found to be the best distribution model according to several goodness-of-fit tests; a new reliability index is derived to measure travel time reliability. Numerical examples demonstrate the advantages of GEV-based reliability index over variance and percentile value in the applications of EV. This index will be of great practicability in the EV operation performance and reliable route choices. Second, we further investigate the potentially influential factors of EV travel time reliability. Results show that link length and left-turn traffic volume may have an adverse impact on the link reliability while more left-turn lanes may increase the travel time reliability. The influential factor study will help us understand the causes of the EV travel time delay and the differences of travel time reliability between OVs and EVs. 相似文献
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Day-to-day variation in the travel times of congested urban transportation networks is a frustrating phenomenon to the users of these networks. These users look pessimistically at the path travel times, and learn to spend additional time to safeguard against serious penalties that await late arrivals at the destinations. These additional expenses are charges similar to the tolls in system equilibrium flow problem, but may not be collected. With this conjecture, the user equilibrium (UE) formulation of congested network flow problem would lack some necessary factors in addressing appropriate path choices. This study, following a previous work proposing pessimistic UE (PUE) flow, aims to show how to measure this additional travel cost for a link, and investigates how different is PUE from UE, and when such differences are pronounced. Data are collected from the peak-hour travel times for the links of paths in the city of Tehran, to estimate the variance of travel times for typical links. Deterministic functions are obtained by calibrating the standard deviation of the daily variations of link travel times, and probabilistic functions by the technique of copula. UE and PUE traffic assignment models are built and applied to three large cities of Mashhad, Shiraz, and Tehran in Iran. The results show that the estimated flows by PUE model replicate the observed flows in screen lines much better than the UE model, particularly for longer trips. Since PUE is computationally equivalent to UE, this improvement is attained virtually at no cost. 相似文献
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为了解决目前对行程时间可靠度的研究几乎都是从道路管理者角度出发的问题,考虑路网随机变化对道路使用者的影响,首先从道路使用者的角度以及行程时间分布的2个维度提出了动态行程时间可靠度的概念,进而分析了其时空变化特性.其次基于日变可靠度并假设行程时间及其规定阈值服从正态分布,根据其概率密度分布函数分析了可靠度影响因素,并提出了行程时间可靠度指标.然后运用该指标推算出了路段和路径行程时间可靠度,计算并分析了路网动态行程时间可靠度.最后在一个测试路网上采用3种方法分别计算了路径行程时间可靠度.结果表明,传统计算方法存在缺陷,而提出的可靠度指标法与Monte Carlo法的结果基本相同,也因此验证了该方法的正确性. 相似文献