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1.
为了定量化测度行程时间可变性右偏且长尾的实证特征,考虑实际观测中可能存在的数据样本量不足和离群值干扰问题,提出基于线性矩的L-偏度和L-峰度用于精确表征行程时间可变性。考虑到线性矩是顺序统计量期望的线性组合,给出了避免遍历所有子样本的线性矩估计方法。根据线性矩概念,探究了L-偏度和L-峰度的数学含义和其表征行程时间可变性的有效性,以及样本L-偏度和L-峰度的计算方法。理论研究发现,在表征范围和样本估计质量方面,相较于传统偏度和峰度,L-偏度和L-峰度对行程时间可变性具有更加优越的表征能力。采用深圳市车牌照识别系统的行程时间数据集进行案例分析,从无偏性、鲁棒性和有效性3个维度证明了L-偏度和L-峰度相较于传统偏度和峰度的优越性。分析结果如下:样本L-偏度和L-峰度在样本量不足时仍然是总体近似的无偏估计,而传统偏度和峰度的系统性误差较大;L-偏度和L-峰度对离群值具有鲁棒性,而传统偏度和峰度对离群值过于敏感;样本L-偏度和L-峰度对总体的估计波动小且精度高,具有良好的估计有效性;L-偏度和L-峰度分别与传统偏度和峰度有较高相关性,但又能够辨识出不同时空下行程时间可变性分布的差异。基于L-偏...  相似文献   

2.
    
Urban arterial performance evaluation has been broadly studied, with the major focus on average travel time estimation. However, in view of the stochastic nature of interrupted flow, the ability to capture the characteristics of travel time variability has become a critical step in determining arterial level of service (LOS). This article first presents a stochastic approach that integrates classic cumulative curves and probability theories in order to investigate delay variability at signalized intersections, as a dominant part of the link travel time variability. This serves as a basis for arterial travel time estimation, which can be obtained through a convolution of individual link travel time distributions. The proposed approach is then applied in the estimation of travel time along one arterial in Shanghai, China, with abundant automatic vehicle identification (AVI) data sources. The travel time variability is evaluated thoroughly at 30-min intervals, with promising results achieved in comparison to the field measurements. In addition, the estimated travel time distributions are utilized to illustrate the probability of multiple LOS ranges, namely, reliability LOS. The results provide insights into how we might achieve a more reliable and informative understanding of arterial performance.  相似文献   

3.
Travel time reliability, an essential factor in traveler route and departure time decisions, serves as an important quality of service measure for dynamic transportation systems. This article investigates a fundamental problem of quantifying travel time variability from its root sources: stochastic capacity and demand variations that follow commonly used log-normal distributions. A volume-to-capacity ratio-based travel time function and a point queue model are used to demonstrate how day-to-day travel time variability can be explained from the underlying demand and capacity variations. One important finding is that closed-form solutions can be derived to formulate travel time variations as a function of random demand/capacity distributions, but there are certain cases in which a closed-form expression does not exist and numerical approximation methods are required. This article also uses probabilistic capacity reduction information to estimate time-dependent travel time variability distributions under conditions of non-recurring traffic congestion. The proposed models provide theoretically rigorous and practically useful tools for understanding the causes of travel time unreliability and evaluating the system-wide benefit of reducing demand and capacity variability.  相似文献   

4.
    
ABSTRACT

Conventional travel time reliability assessment has evolved from road segments to the route level. However, a connection between origin and destination usually consists of multiple routes, thereby providing the option to choose. Having alternatives can compensate for the deterioration of a single route; therefore, this study assesses the reliability and quality of the aggregate of the route set of an origin-destination (OD) pair. This paper proposes two aggregation methods for analyzing the reliability of travel times on the OD level: 1) an adapted Logsum method and 2) a route choice model. The first method analyzes reliability from a network perspective and the second method is based on the reliability as perceived by a traveler choosing his route from the available alternatives. A case study using detailed data on actual travel times illustrates both methods and shows the impact of having variable departure times and the impact of information strategies on travel time reliability.  相似文献   

5.
北京市居民出行时间成本研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用收入法,考虑出行目的、出行方式等因素,给出居民出行时间成本计算的方法与步骤,将居民出行时间价值货币化。以北京市2000年和2005年为对象年,估算了分目的、分方式出行对应的单位时间价值,并根据历年交通调查的数据,获取了当年北京市全社会小汽车、公共交通(包括轨道交通)、出租汽车的平均出行时间和出行量,计算得到北京市全社会当年居民出行的时间成本。  相似文献   

6.
    
Recent studies have confirmed that travelers consider travel time reliability in addition to average travel time when making route choice decisions. In this study, we develop a bi-objective routing model that seeks to simultaneously optimize the average travel time and travel time reliability. The semi-standard deviation (SSD) is chosen as the reliability measure because it reflects travelers' concerns over longer travel time better than the commonly used standard deviation. The Pareto-optimal solutions to the bi-objective model are found by using an improved strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm. Tests on a real-world urban network with field measured travel time data have demonstrated good performance of the algorithm in the aspects, such as computational efficiency, quick convergence, and closeness to the global Pareto-optimal. Overall, the bi-objective routing model generates reasonable path recommendations. The SSD-based model is sensitive to the asymmetry of travel time distribution and tends to avoid paths with excessively long delays. This would be particularly helpful to those users placing high values on travel time reliability.  相似文献   

7.
    
Day-to-day variation in the travel times of congested urban transportation networks is a frustrating phenomenon to the users of these networks. These users look pessimistically at the path travel times, and learn to spend additional time to safeguard against serious penalties that await late arrivals at the destinations. These additional expenses are charges similar to the tolls in system equilibrium flow problem, but may not be collected. With this conjecture, the user equilibrium (UE) formulation of congested network flow problem would lack some necessary factors in addressing appropriate path choices. This study, following a previous work proposing pessimistic UE (PUE) flow, aims to show how to measure this additional travel cost for a link, and investigates how different is PUE from UE, and when such differences are pronounced. Data are collected from the peak-hour travel times for the links of paths in the city of Tehran, to estimate the variance of travel times for typical links. Deterministic functions are obtained by calibrating the standard deviation of the daily variations of link travel times, and probabilistic functions by the technique of copula. UE and PUE traffic assignment models are built and applied to three large cities of Mashhad, Shiraz, and Tehran in Iran. The results show that the estimated flows by PUE model replicate the observed flows in screen lines much better than the UE model, particularly for longer trips. Since PUE is computationally equivalent to UE, this improvement is attained virtually at no cost.  相似文献   

8.
出行时间成本的测算方法及其影响因素分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
介绍了出行时间成本理论的假定,基于机会成本原理对出行时间成本进行了测算,针对其基本特性对其影响因素进行了深入分析,并据此在工资法的基础上提出了出行时间成本的计算模型。  相似文献   

9.
Abstract

Path travel time estimation for buses is critical to public transit operation and passenger information system. State-of-the-art methods for estimating path travel time are usually focused on single vehicle with a limited number of road segments, thereby neglecting the interaction among multiple buses, boarding behavior, and traffic flow. This study models path travel time for buses considering link travel time and station dwell time. First, we fit link travel time to shifted lognormal distributions as in previous studies. Then, we propose a probabilistic model to capture interactions among buses in the bus bay as a first-in-first-out queue, with every bus sharing the same set of behaviors: queuing to enter the bus bay, loading/unloading passengers, and merging into traffic flow on the main road. Finally, path travel time distribution is estimated by statistically summarizing link travel time distributions and station dwell time distributions. The path travel time of a bus line in Hangzhou is analyzed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Results show that the model-based estimated path travel time distribution resembles the observed distribution well. Based on the calculation of path travel time, link travel time reliability is identified as the main factor affecting path travel time reliability.  相似文献   

10.
    
Under a stochastic roadway, drivers need a route guidance system incorporating travel time variability. To recommend a customized path depending on the trip purpose and the driver’s risk-taking behavior, various path ranking methods have been developed. Unlike those methods, our proposed disutility method can easily incorporate a target arrival time in the ranking process by measuring how late the travel is and by penalizing it depending on the severity of lateness. In addition, the disutility-based route guidance system can properly address travel time unreliability that causes unacceptable disruptions to the driver’s schedule (i.e., unexpected long delay). We compare the disutility-based path ranking method with other ranking methods, the percentile travel time, the mean excess travel time, and the on-time arrival probability. We show that the disutility has stronger discriminating power and requires less solution space to find an optimal path. The most important advantage is that it can estimate a driver’s risk-taking behavior for each trip purpose by using the discrete choice analysis. We construct a simulation framework to acquire the travel time data on a hypothetical roadway. We analyze the data and show how various ranking methods recommend a customized path. Using the data, we show the advantage of the disutiltiy method over the other methods, which is generating a customized path with respect to the target arrival time by properly penalizing the travel time lateness.  相似文献   

11.
在简要论述先进的出行者信息系统(advanced traveler information system,ATIS)项目评价重要性的基础上,结合中国ATIS项目的特点,从中宏观的角度出发,在虑及多种因素的条件下,如地方的经济因素、驾驶员的行为因素等,阐述了ATIS条件下出行者节约时间效益的评价方法.最后,对上海市外环线浦西段交通监控诱导系统进行了评价,验证了这一研究成果的科学性和实用性.  相似文献   

12.
本市以天津城市主干道卫津路拓宽改造工程为例,论述城市道路经济效益计算方法。按全天高峰小时、非高峰小时,分别计算机动车和非机动车的运营成本、时间价值及事故费用,采用有、无项目对比法.进行经济效益计算。经济效益中以车辆行程时间延误与路口时间延误的节约作为主要效益。  相似文献   

13.
支持向量机在路段行程时间预测中的应用研究   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1  
主要探讨支持向量机理论在路段行程时间预测中的应用。具体的方法是,首先将研究路段根据路段交通状态和车辆检测器设置情况进行分段,然后以前几个时段的各个小路段的交通流量、平均速度和车道占有率和整个路段的行程时间为输入,以下一时段的整个路段的行程时间为输出,选取高斯径向基函数作为核函数,建立了基于支持向量机的路段行程时间预测模型,从而探讨支持向量机在路段行程时间预测中的应用效果。最后,利用交通仿真软件的模拟数据进行验证,并与BP神经网络计算结果比较,计算结果的对比表明本文提出的方法预测效果更好。  相似文献   

14.
    
The decision making of travelers for route choice and departure time choice depends on the expected travel time and its reliability. A common understanding of reliability is that it is related to several statistical properties of the travel time distribution, especially to the standard deviation of the travel time and also to the skewness. For an important corridor in Changsha (P.R. China) the travel time reliability has been evaluated and a linear model is proposed for the relationship between travel time, standard deviation, skewness, and some other traffic characteristics. Statistical analysis is done for both simulation data from a delay distribution model and for real life data from automated number plate recognition (ANPR) cameras. ANPR data give unbiased travel time data, which is more representative than probe vehicles. The relationship between the mean travel time and its standard deviation is verified with an analytical model for travel time distributions as well as with the ANPR travel times. Average travel time and the standard deviation are linearly correlated for single links as well as corridors. Other influence factors are related to skewness and travel time standard deviations, such as vehicle density and degree of saturation. Skewness appears to be less well to explain from traffic characteristics than the standard deviation is.  相似文献   

15.
公交站间行程时间具有明显的时段分布特征,且公交车辆是典型的时空过程对象,其运行具有状态转移性。为了准确预测公交站间行程时间,在应用马尔科夫链预测公交站间行程时间基础上提出其改进算法。通过大量公交GPS数据构造不同时段下具体线路站间行程时间的马尔科夫状态转移矩阵,并对站间行程时间进行状态推导,采用移动误差补偿法对马尔科夫预测值进行动态修正,改进原有的马尔科夫预测算法。以广州市BRT线路B1的实际运行数据对算法进行了验证,结果表明,移动误差补偿改进算法优于基本马尔科夫算法及 BP模型,同时该改进算法还具有实现过程较简单。  相似文献   

16.
基于电子警察过车数据,分析该周期内车道通行车辆的车头时距变化规律,提出该周期车道排队长度值的实时计算方法。针对多次排队、绿波协调情况,结合通行车辆的行程时间对结果进行修正,得到该周期车道最大车辆排队长度值。通过桐乡市庆丰路实时监控视频对比计算结果,证明本算法具有较高准确性。算法便于工程实践,可为信号配时优化提供数据支撑。  相似文献   

17.
随着经济建设的快速发展,在超负荷运行的城市中心区平交路口极易造成交通拥堵。在实地调研北京市二环路内主要平交路口的基础上,对不同等级平交路口存在的问题进行了归类分析与统计。提出了交叉口交通组织精细化优化设计的改善措施,注重交通基础设施的人性化、标准化、规范化,从而为缓解二环路拥堵现状提供参考。  相似文献   

18.
探讨了城市路网交通分配预测结果中,路段饱和度过大的原因,推导了路段最大加载饱和度、行程时间和行程车速的理论计算公式。结合实例探讨了最大加载饱和度和行程车速一般性数值。有关研究可供确定时间阻抗函数时参考。  相似文献   

19.
"十二五"时期是武汉市实现"二环以内'30分钟畅通工程'"的关键时期,该文对目标进行分解,研究了实现目标的前提,考核的出行方式、出行时段,以及实现程度等.  相似文献   

20.
基于蒙特卡罗模拟方法的快速路运行时间可靠度研究   总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2  
高爱霞  陈艳艳  任福田 《公路交通科技》2006,23(11):126-128,132
运行时间可靠度作为一个非常重要的概率测度参数能有效地评价交通网络的动态特性。在对运行时间可靠度的概念界定的基础上,分析了快速路运行时间可靠度的影响因素。提出了运用蒙特卡罗模拟方法计算运行时间可靠度,即采用蒙特卡罗模拟方法随机的对快速路入口的交通需求变量进行抽样,根据得到的样本值确定路径出行时间,然后对此出行时间进行检查,如果超过了规定的阚值,则认为不可靠,否则可靠。并通过一个算例对该模型进行了验证。最后指出了运行时间可靠度这一概率参数的应用前景。  相似文献   

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