深水半潜平台的环境载荷分析

通过对南海水域环境下的深水式半潜生产平台的自存和作业两种工况的风载荷、波浪载荷和海流载荷计算,得到该平台的环境载荷特点,从计算结果看,风载荷、流载荷和波浪载荷对平台的影响相近,因此,在确定系泊系统的设计时,这三个因素的影响都不可忽视。     

海流发电机翼型研发进展及优化设计研究

随着化石能源不断枯竭和环保要求的不断提高,世界各国对海流能的开发利用愈加重视,各种利用海流流动动能发电的技术得到了不断突破。本文通过对国内外海流能发电的状况的调研,对叶片翼型的发展进行了总结,并对发电涡轮机叶片翼型的进行了分析和优化,提出了一种新的阻力较小的海流发电机翼型。     

单点系泊方式下的浮标系统运动响应分析

浮式激光雷达测风塔在恶劣的海洋环境下,其运动稳定性受到风、浪、流等多种环境载荷的耦合作用,呈现出典型的非线性特征,对其观测精度造成重要影响。建立浮动式基础设计分析平台,对浮标及其系泊系统进行水动力性能模拟分析,求解不同载荷作用下浮标平台与单点式系泊系统之间的运动响应。计算结果表明,浮标体在单点式系泊方案下具有良好的安全性和稳定性,系泊张力最大值为466.4k N,满足设计BVNR493规范要求,浮标平台的运动半径极值和最大垂荡距离分别为50.0m和6.3 m,可保证安全运行。     

采用弦式系泊系统的海洋平台水动力性能数值模拟分析北大核心CSCD

[目的]弦式系泊系统是针对特种海洋平台的永久靠泊需求而提出,需要研究采用该系统的平台的水动力性能,以验证其对永久靠泊需求的适应性。[方法]首先,基于三维势流理论,采用边界元方法建立码头靠泊平台数值模型,并对不同码头潮位条件下的系泊平台进行频域数值模拟;然后,在时域模拟中引入弦式系泊和传统码头缆绳系泊2种不同的系泊系统,模拟系泊平台在极端波浪作用下的表现,参数化分析码头潮位对系泊平台运动响应的影响。[结果]结果显示,弦式系泊系统通过提供全方向的回复力,加强了平台转动运动限制,大幅削弱了系泊平台的横摇运动,能将环境载荷能量转移到平动运动,进而加强了对平台整体运动的限制;系泊平台的运动范围均衡且稳定可控;该系统对平台的运动限制效果受码头潮位变化影响小。[结论]研究表明弦式系泊系统相较于传统码头缆绳系泊更适应特种海洋平台的永久靠泊需求。     

缆绳预张力和刚度对自升式平台码头系泊性能的影响

在台风等恶劣环境下,自升式平台在码头进行舾装、维修作业时极易发生碰撞事故,需要对其进行码头系泊。系泊方案一般采用中间垫靠驳船的方式。本文利用流体软件Fine/Marine计算平台的风、流载荷系数,结合系泊软件Orcaflex模拟了在台风状态下自升式平台码头系泊系统,通过给缆绳设置不同预张力和刚度,计算分析最终系泊缆绳受力和平台运动。结果显示施加预张力和增加缆绳刚度均能减小缆绳最终受力和平台运动幅度,而且增加刚度的效果好于增加预张力;每根缆绳预张力大小还应保证一致,更有利于系泊系统稳定性。所得结论对于自升式平台码头系泊方案设定具有重要意义。     

基于遗传算法的水平轴海流发电机叶片优化方法

提出一种基于遗传算法优化(GA)的水平轴海流发电机叶片优化方法,采用Xfoil和BEMT作为分析工具,适用于二维翼型和三维叶片的多目标优化,并以此为基础编写一套叶片优化程序。该优化方法在增加叶片获能效率和减小推力方面具有显著效果,同时对于翼型性能的提升也同样出色。     

铺缆船与电缆耦合系统动力学分析

提出一种铺缆船与电缆耦合系统动力响应时域分析方法。针对“启帆9”号铺缆船进行了船模阻力试验，得到铺缆船阻力系数，以确定其流载荷。基于势流理论，使用AQWA软件对铺缆船进行频域水动力分析，以确定其波浪载荷。结合上述计算结果，使用动力学分析软件Orca Flex建立了基于海底电缆铺设过程的耦合动力学模型，通过对考虑了环境载荷、系泊载荷和电缆载荷的动力学方程进行求解得到铺缆船动力学响应，将铺缆船运动作为电缆顶端的运动边界条件进行输入。与传统RAO方法相比，该方法充分考虑了铺缆船与电缆间的相互影响，可模拟实际海况中铺缆船施工时电缆的张力和曲率动态响应。分别采用该耦合模型方法和RAO方法计算铺缆船系统的动态响应，结果表明，RAO计算方法低估的电缆张力达9.9%。使用耦合模型方法分别建立八点系泊和四点系泊数值模型，比较了这两种系泊方案下海底电缆的动力响应，结果表明，四点系泊系统的电缆最大张力比八点系泊系统大15.9%，但二者都远小于最大允许张力。     

聚酯缆系泊系统动态刚度模拟方法对比分析

关于聚酯缆非线性刚度在系泊分析中的模拟,采用几种典型的聚酯缆动态刚度模型,对某半潜平台的系泊系统响应进行对比分析,得到不同刚度模型对系泊结果的影响,对动态刚度的模拟方法选取进行总结。     

单柱式浮式风力机动力响应数值与试验分析

以200 m作业水深的5 MW OC3单柱式浮式风力机为研究对象,采用FAST程序对其在不同海况下的运动进行全耦合时历数值计算,并与采用1∶50缩尺比模型试验所得时历结果进行对比,通过时域以及频域方法对平台主要自由度运动以及系泊拉力进行分析。研究发现:垂向运动带来的自由面记忆效应较纵向和横向小;悬链线式模型所能提供的系泊拉力较张紧式系泊提供的拉力小;风浪联合作用下,风载荷主要激励低频固有频率运动,波浪载荷则主要激励波频运动;平台纵荡和纵摇运动受系泊系统的影响较大,而垂荡运动则不受系泊系统的影响。     

基于Ariane的LNG运输船系泊设计研究

本文着重对某LNG运输船港口停泊的系泊设计是否满足OCIMF要求进行校核。在考虑风浪流影响的情况下,运用Hydrostar对船舶的风载荷和波浪载荷进行了分析,得到船体的运动响应和波浪载荷输入数据。在此基础上,使用Ariane软件对系泊绳缆和系泊缆桩受力进行分析。由计算结果可知,当风、流方向和速度不同时,各系泊线上的力也不同。为了保持计算结果的稳定性,考虑随机环境因素,对每种工况的系泊力进行多次计算。同时,由于该船停泊在港口,考虑了浅水效应和低频运动。     

Non-linear dynamic analysis of the response of moored floating structures

The complexity of the dynamic response of offshore marine structures requires advanced simulations tools for the accurate assessment of the seakeeping behaviour of these devices. The aim of this work is to present a new time-domain model for solving the dynamics of moored floating marine devices, specifically offshore wind turbines, subjected to non-linear environmental loads. The paper first introduces the formulation of the second-order wave radiation-diffraction solver, designed for calculating the wave-floater interaction. Then, the solver of the mooring dynamics, based on a non-linear Finite Element Method (FEM) approach, is presented. Next, the procedure developed for coupling the floater dynamics model with the mooring model is described. Some validation examples of the developed models, and comparisons among different mooring approaches, are presented. Finally, a study of the OC3 floating wind turbine concept is performed to analyze the influence of the mooring model in the dynamics of the platform and the tension in the mooring lines. The work comes to the conclusion that the coupling of a dynamic mooring model along with a second-order wave radiation-diffraction solver can offer realistic predictions of the floating wind turbine performance.     

深水二维对称式布置两成分锚泊线时域动力分析

深水作业海上浮式结构物的锚泊定位系统由锚链或锚索等成分进行约束,由于锚泊线的几何非线性,外界环境作用力的非线性和系泊浮体的运动的非线性给锚泊系统的回复力和位移的计算分析带来困难。此外,多种材料成分组成的多成分锚泊线的使用在推动了锚泊系统的深水应用和发展的同时也给锚泊系统的设计带来困难。本文采用设计波理论结合有限元方法进行两成分锚泊线的动力分析,考虑导缆孔处系泊结构物运动的影响。并将结果与单一成分锚泊线计算结果作比较分析,得到有益结论。     

Response-based extreme value analysis of moored offshore structures due to wave, wind, and current

Floating moored offshore structures have a significant future in offshore operations as an attractive economic alternative to fixed structures in deep waters and/or in areas where there is no existing infrastructure. This paper describes an analysis procedure based on the structure variable approach to estimate load and response values of a moored offshore platform at a given return period by taking into account the joint occurrence of wave, wind, and current. The results show that the most severe mooring loads may not occur when wind, wave, and current are collinear and are at their maximum design values, i.e., the 50- or 100-year case. It is recommended that the extreme mooring design loads for moored offshore systems should be determined through a range of physical or numerical simulations where wave, wind, and current are noncollinear and act with less severe magnitudes than the 50- or 100-year case. This recommendation has also been adopted in the ITTC/Ocean Engineering Committee recommendations to the ITTC Conference held in September 1996.     

Validation of a dynamic mooring model coupled with a RANS solver

Standard design procedures and simulation tools for marine structures are aimed primarily for use by the offshore oil and gas. Mooring system restoring forces acting on floating offshore structures are obtained from a quasi-static mooring model alone or from a coupled analysis based on potential flow solvers that do not always consider nonlinear mooring-induced restoring forces, fluid structure interactions, and associated hydrodynamic damping effects. This paper presents the validation of a dynamic mooring system analysis technique that couples the dynamic mooring model with a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations solver. We coupled a dynamic mooring model with a RANS equations solver, and analyzed a moored floating buoy in calm water, regular and irregular waves and validated our motion and mooring force predictions against experimental measurements. The mooring system consisted of three catenary chains. The analyzed response comprised decaying oscillating buoy motions, linear and quadratic damping characteristics, and tensile forces in mooring lines. The generally favorable comparison of predicted buoy motions and mooring forces to experimental data confirmed the reliability of our implemented coupling technique to predict system response. Additional comparative results from a potential flow solver demonstrated the benefits of the coupled dynamic mooring model with RANS equations. The successful validated tool of coupling the dynamic mooring model with the RANS solver is available as open source, and it shows the potential of the coupled methodology to be used for analyzing the moored offshore structures.     

极浅水多体波浪能发电装置锚泊系统设计

采用三维势流理论对多体波浪能发电装置进行频域水动力计算,分析极浅水效应和多体间相互作用对单体发电装置的水动力性能的影响。利用Orcaflex软件建立多体波浪能发电装置数值模型,浮体间采用铰接进行连接,并利用弹簧单元模拟发电液压缸的弹性阻尼作用。为极浅水多体波浪能发电装置设计合理的锚泊方案,采用时域动态耦合方法进行分析,同时考虑极浅水效应、多体影响和二阶低频力,根据API规范对自存工况下的锚泊缆强度进行校核,并对确定选用的锚泊方案进行敏感性分析。通过对计算结果进行分析,发现在进行浅水多浮体锚泊设计时,低频波浪载荷、多体相互作用和海底摩擦不可忽视;对于极浅水的锚泊系统设计,Lazy wave 型锚泊形式优于传统悬链线式锚泊。上述研究工作为近海极浅水海域新型海洋能发电装置锚泊系统的设计提供了新的参考和思路。     

半潜型浮式风机运动特征及系泊系统的研究

近年来海上浮式风机的研究备受关注,安全可靠的系泊系统将保证风机在风、浪、流等复杂环境荷载作用下稳定运行,准确合理地描述风机运动将为评估风机发电效率提供支持。以半潜型浮式风机的系泊系统为研究对象,基于经典悬链线理论,采用准静态分析法提出一套系泊系统的设计方法。通过坐标变换,得到风轮真实的俯仰运动用于计算风机的动力效应及评定其发电效率。采用动力法分析了系泊系统锚链的导缆孔位置、预张力大小、锚链间夹角等参数对风机系统发电效率、浮式平台运动性能和系泊锚链张力的影响,得到了浮式平台迎风面俯仰倾角、水平偏移及锚链张力随参数的变化规律,为半潜型浮式风机系泊系统的设计提供了参考。     

Model test investigation of a spar floating wind turbine

Several floating wind turbine designs whose hull designs reflect those used in offshore petroleum industry have emerged as leading candidates for the future development of offshore wind farms. This article presents the research findings from a model basin test program that investigated the dynamic response of a 1:50 scale model OC3 spar floating wind turbine concept designed for a water depth of 200 m. In this study the rotor was allowed to rotate freely with the wind speed and this approach eliminated some of the undesirable effects of controlling wind turbine rotational speed that were observed in earlier studies. The quality of the wind field developed by an array of fans was investigated as to its uniformity and turbulence intensity. Additional calibration tests were performed to characterize various components that included establishing the baseline wind turbine tower frequencies, stiffness of the delta type mooring system and free decay response behaviour. The assembled system was then studied under a sequence of wind and irregular wave scenarios to reveal the nature of the coupled response behaviour. The wind loads were found to have an obvious influence on the surge, heave and pitch behaviour of the spar wind turbine system. It was observed from the experimental measurements that bending moment at the top of the support tower is dominated by the 1P oscillation component and somewhat influenced by the incoming wave. Further it was determined that the axial rotor thrust and tower-top shear force have similar dynamic characteristics both dominated by tower’s first mode of vibration under wind-only condition while dominated by the incident wave field when experiencing wind-wave loading. The tensions measured in the mooring lines resulting from either wave or wind-wave excitations were influenced by the surge/pitch and heave couplings and the wind loads were found to have a clear influence on the dynamic responses of the mooring system.     

Towards a holistic digital twin solution for real-time monitoring of aquaculture net cage systems

Digital twins and relevant concepts are being applied in a wide variety of ways, and they are of most use when an actual real-world physical system or process (a physical twin) is changing over time and when measurement data correlated with this change can be captured. In this work, a digital twin model was implemented for real-time monitoring of aquaculture net cage systems, which is notoriously challenging because of several difficult-to-measure properties, such as forces on and deformation of the flexible netting structures, waves and flow field alterations around the cage and complex stiffness behaviour of the mooring elements made by fibre ropes. These properties were set to be adaptable according to the resultant outputs, such as cage responses and mooring loads that were continuously compared with the measurement data obtained from remote monitoring sensors. In this way, real-time sensor data were assimilated into the numerical simulation model for representing the actual net cage system. No dedicated sensors were used for fish monitoring, but the fish behavioural responses to current, wave and cage deformation were modelled according to relevant field observational data. A wireless sensor network has also been tested for the digital twin implementation, which was found to be suitable for practical uses in fish farms.     

系泊系统的时域仿真及其非线性动力学特性分析

应用时域仿真的方法研究了系泊系统的非线性动力学特性。以三阶操纵运动方程为基础,引入定常的风力、潮流作用力和二阶波浪力,建立了系泊系统三自由度的运动微分方程。在此数学模型的基础上,建立了系泊系统的多自由度的计算机仿真模型。在风浪流联合作用的情形下,对一艘单点系泊油轮的动力学行为进行了仿真研究。以潮流速度和系缆程度为分岔控制参数,在参数平面上给出了局部分岔集。研究表明,系泊系统的动力学行为具有强烈的非线性特征。在仿真过程中观察到了吸引子的共存和Hopf分岔。局部分岔集将参数平面分为3个系统动力学行为本质不同的区域。极值系泊力水平与系泊系统的动力学行为有着密切的关系。对于单点系泊船舶而言,顶风顶浪顶流的状态并不一定是最为危险的工况。局部分岔集的确定为系泊系统参数的选择提供了决策依据。     

Experimental uncertainty of a physical model of a tanker moored to a terminal in a port

This paper presents the uncertainty modelling of experimental results for a physical model of a tanker moored to a terminal inside a port. The physical model was built for an oil terminal at the port of Leixões in Portugal. The model incorporates the new modified port layout, as well as a future 300 m extension of the port outer north breakwater to enhance operational conditions. The physical model tests were performed on a scale of 1:80 in the Portuguese Civil Engineering Laboratory (LNEC). A generic mooring system of four mooring lines and two fenders is simulated using a nonlinear spring system. Decay tests are carried out to evaluate the natural periods of the moored model. Then, tests are carried out for the moored model in waves. The major aim of the experimental study is to obtain novel results for the wave elevation and direction at various locations inside the port, the ship motions at six degrees of freedom, and loads on mooring lines and fenders including the modified port layout. As the physical model measurements are subjected to different types of uncertainties, a systematic uncertainty analysis is carried out here, following ITTC guidelines and recommendations, to quantify all possible sources of uncertainties. The results are discussed, and several conclusions are reached. Based on the experimental results, the presented physical model study may replicate the results for waves and motions with uncertainties less than 9% of the significant amplitudes. The assessment of the applied nonlinear spring model reveals load predictions on the moorings, with uncertainties less than 4% of the maximum mooring loads.