直线电机式主动悬架协调车身姿态控制研究

将直线电机作为汽车主动悬架的作动器,能实现悬架的主动减振。建立整车主动悬架的动力学模型和直线电机的数学模型,输入三相交流电,测试直线电机的电磁力,仿真与试验的结果较为一致,验证了电机数学模型的正确性。基于整车姿态协调控制原理,结合模糊控制理论和电流滞环控制策略,研究了包含直线电机作动器的车辆主动悬架的动态响应。结果表明,该控制策略可行,且控制系统能有效改善车辆舒适性和行驶安全性,车身姿态也得到有效控制。     

An Investigation into Vehicle Active Suspension with Electromagnetic Actuator

应用电磁感应的基本原理,设计了一种响应快、出力大和动行程长的车辆主动悬架用作动器.建立了该作动器的集总元件的动力学模型并进行仿真;同时对制作的样机进行了斜坡电压输入和方波电压输入的电磁力测试,测试与仿真结果很好吻合,验证了模型的准确性.最后,结合最优控制理论和矢量控制方法,对包含作动器动力学模型的车辆主动悬架系统进行了正弦路面激励下的仿真分析,结果表明,与被动悬架系统相比,主动悬架系统能明显提高车辆的平顺性.     

可调减振器阻尼控制与半主动悬架的试验研究

建立车辆半主动悬架1/4模型,提出可调减振器阻尼控制的实现方法,设计半主动悬架台架试验系统。在可调减振器试验的基础上,建立了可调减振器阻尼与步进电机转角之间的关系。最后,对半主动悬架1/4物理模型进行了台架试验。结果表明,试验系统稳定可靠,阻尼控制易于实现,半主动悬架能较好地适应不同的路面输入,为半主动悬架及控制系统的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

车用自由活塞膨胀机-直线发电机系统发电机性能研究

针对汽车余热回收系统中的自由活塞膨胀机-直线发电机系统对直线电机的应用需求,以适用于该系统的一款无铁心永磁同步直线电机为研究对象,通过电磁场理论分析电机模型,搭建ANSYS Maxwell二维瞬态场模块,分析了电机空载、负载工况的磁场特性和极弧系数、气隙长度等参数对电机推力性能的影响,并进行了参数优化以减小电机的推力波动。仿真结果表明:在相同结构参数下,极弧系数和气隙长度相互作用,可以有效降低电机的推力波动。     

车辆电动悬架的混合不确定建模与μ综合控制器设计

考虑悬架和电机作动器的参数摄动和控制输入的高阶未建模不确定性,利用线性分式变换理论对已开发的车辆电动悬架系统进行混合不确定建模和仿真,并设计了μ综合控制器.仿真得到了主动悬架和被动悬架的频率和时间响应.结果表明,相比被动悬架,所设计的μ综合控制器对乘坐舒适性有很大的提升.μ分析表明,与基于主动悬架名义模型设计的H∞综合控制器相比,μ综合控制器可使闭环系统获得更好的鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒性能.     

主动悬架系统对汽车侧翻稳定性的改善分析

针对被动悬架系统侧翻稳定性较差的问题,提出采用主动悬架系统的方法进行改善.通过汽车侧倾运动状态分析,建立了被动悬架系统、主动悬架系统和控制系统模型.模拟分析表明,主动悬架系统使汽车在弯道行驶时的侧倾角有效值下降92.8%,侧倾角加速度有效值下降78.2%,侧翻因子有效值下降92.6%.结果表明,利用主动悬架系统可有效降低汽车非直线行驶时的侧倾角及侧倾角加速度,提高汽车的侧翻稳定性,采用主动悬架系统是提高汽车非直线行驶状态下安全性的一个合理的解决方案.     

基于次优控制的汽车主动悬架道路友好性研究

为分析随机次优控制对汽车主动悬架系统道路友好性的影响,基于简化的二自由度四分之一汽车振动模型,设计了悬架系统的随机最优和次优控制器.采用Matlab/Simulink软件建立车辆主动悬架系统仿真模型,并对被动悬架、最优控制悬架和次优控制悬架的道路友好性进行仿真比较.结果表明,合理设计的随机次优控制悬架的道路友好性与最优控制相当或接近,且优于被动悬架,具有更好的工程应用价值.      

新型电控空气悬架系统集成控制策略研究

为顺应汽车底盘电子电气(E/E)架构集中化发展趋势,并解决传统电控空气悬架系统中悬架刚度调节范围窄、侧倾稳定性欠佳等问题。本文中以具有电机式主动横向稳定器的新型电控空气悬架系统为被研究对象,首先利用Matlab/Simulink搭建电控空气悬架系统整车动力学模型与电机式主动横向稳定器模型,开发基于模型设计的新型电控空气悬架系统集成控制策略;然后开发基于英飞凌32位TC275主控芯片的并行多核电子控制单元,并利用转向盘角阶跃输入工况和双移线工况开展离线仿真与硬件在环试验研究。相关研究结果表明,新型电控空气悬架系统集成控制策略及并行多核电子控制单元可改善车辆操纵稳定性,并有效提高车辆抗侧倾性能。     

基于T-S模型的主动悬架保性能控制研究

建立了1/2车4自由度主动悬架的T-S模糊模型,提出了基于该模型的模糊保性能控制方案,并且针对含有参数不确定性的主动悬架系统进行了仿真。结果表明该方法能够取得较满意的控制效果,也证明了主动悬架系统在减少振动、提高汽车平顺性方面要优于被动悬架。     

采用最小信息损失方法的汽车主动悬架控制器降阶研究

针对汽车悬架系统控制器阶数高、工程上难以实现的问题,建立了整车7自由度主动悬架模型,考虑人体对振动的敏感频段,设计了H∞加权控制器,以保证闭环系统稳定且具有较好的抗干扰性能.基于最小信息损失方法对20阶主动悬架控制器进行降阶研究.通过对降阶前后主动悬架闭环控制系统频域特性和乘坐舒适性的对比表明,将20阶主动悬架控制器降至8阶后,控制器状态的能控与能观信息损失之和小于50％,且悬架控制系统仍具有十分相近的控制性能.     

Level and attitude control of the active suspension system with integral and derivative action

A 7-DOF full-car model with optimal active control suspension is utilized to evaluate the vehicle dynamic performances which are achieved through proposed controllers. The optimal controller, which includes the integral action for the suspension deflection, considerably improves the attitude control of a vehicle because the rolling and pitching motion in cornering and braking maneuvers are reduced, respectively. In the viewpoint of level control, the integral control acting on the suspension deflection results in the zero steady-state deflection in response to static body forces and ramp road input. The dynamic characteristics of the suspension control system are evaluated in terms of time domain and frequency domain. The simulations in the time domain demonstrate the advantages of the active suspension system obtained by penalizing the integral and derivative of suspension deflections and the derivative of roll and pitch angles in the performance index. The frequency characteristic curves obtained by simulations regarding integral action or derivative action show the increase of both ride comfort and road-holding performances by maximizing the use of suspension deflections. The potential of derivative control is shown by the performances of the car traveling over a bump and braking.     

Level and attitude control of the active suspension system with integral and derivative action

A 7-DOF full-car model with optimal active control suspension is utilized to evaluate the vehicle dynamic performances which are achieved through proposed controllers. The optimal controller, which includes the integral action for the suspension deflection, considerably improves the attitude control of a vehicle because the rolling and pitching motion in cornering and braking maneuvers are reduced, respectively. In the viewpoint of level control, the integral control acting on the suspension deflection results in the zero steady-state deflection in response to static body forces and ramp road input. The dynamic characteristics of the suspension control system are evaluated in terms of time domain and frequency domain. The simulations in the time domain demonstrate the advantages of the active suspension system obtained by penalizing the integral and derivative of suspension deflections and the derivative of roll and pitch angles in the performance index. The frequency characteristic curves obtained by simulations regarding integral action or derivative action show the increase of both ride comfort and road-holding performances by maximizing the use of suspension deflections. The potential of derivative control is shown by the performances of the car traveling over a bump and braking.     

7自由度主动悬架整车模型最优控制的研究

应用汽车系统动力学理论,建立了七自由度主动悬架的动力学模型。根据线性二次型最优控制原理设计了主动悬架线性二次型(LQR)控制器,并构建了实现该控制策略的主动悬架控制仿真模型。仿真结果表明:对主动悬架进行最优控制,能够有效地降低车身垂直振动加速度、车身侧倾角加速度和俯仰角加速度。     

基于统一模型的转向-悬架系统最优综合控制方法

通过对车辆底盘系统中的转向和悬架系统建立统一的数学模型,利用M atlab/S imu link仿真,结合最优控制理论,分别对被动悬架兼前轮转向系统与主动悬架兼四轮转向综合控制系统进行了对比研究。理论分析与仿真试验表明,综合控制系统下车辆的操纵稳定性和平顺性都得到了很大的提高。     

Hardware-in-the-loop simulation experiment for semi-active vibration control of lateral vibrations of railway vehicle by magneto-rheological fluid damper

The active lateral suspension (ALS) of a train consists of either active or semi-active technologies. However, such an active system on a real railway vehicle is not easy to test because of cost and time. In this study, a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) system is developed to test the ALS. To this end, the dynamic model of a railway vehicle is equipped with the actuator, two bogies and four-wheel sets, and the ALS is used. The proposed HILS system consists of an alternating current servo motor connected to a ball-screw mechanism and a digital control system. The digital control system implements the dynamic model and the control algorithm. The design and manufacture of the HILS system are explained in detail. Both the passive damper and the magneto-rheological (MR) fluid damper are tested using the HILS system, where the sky-hook control algorithm was applied for the MR fluid damper. Experimental results show that the proposed HILS system can be effectively used for the performance estimation of the ALS.     

燃料电池轿车动力系统线性二次型最优控制研究

建立了包括燃料电池发动机、电机及其控制器、动力蓄电池组在内的燃料电池轿车动力系统的动态数学模型,根据系统的噪声特性,将动力系统线性二次型最优控制问题归结为线性二次型高斯问题,并建立了考虑随机干扰的燃料电池轿车动力系统线性二次型最优动力控制算法。离线仿真和实车转鼓试验证明,该算法能够充分考虑动力系统主要部件的动力性和经济性,具有一定的实用价值。     

Fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control for the automobiles' active suspension system

Two typical criteria for good vehicle suspension performance are their ability to provide good road handling and increased passenger comfort. The main disturbance affecting these two criteria is terrain irregularities. Active suspension control systems reduce these undesirable effects by isolating car body motion from vibrations at the wheels. This paper describes fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control (AFC) schemes for the automobile active suspension system (ASS). The design objective is to provide smooth vertical motion so as to achieve the road holding and riding comfort over a wide range of road profiles. The efficacy of the proposed control schemes is demonstrated via simulations. With respect to the optimal linear quadratic regulator (LQR), it is shown that superior results have been achieved by the AFC.     

汽车半主动悬架的自适应LQG控制

本文根据汽车半主动悬轲的基本结构，通过力学分析建立了其数学模型，为了克服实际的悬架控制系统动态行的不确定性，采用了自适应ＬＱＧ控制策略。     

Fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control for the automobiles’ active suspension system

Two typical criteria for good vehicle suspension performance are their ability to provide good road handling and increased passenger comfort. The main disturbance affecting these two criteria is terrain irregularities. Active suspension control systems reduce these undesirable effects by isolating car body motion from vibrations at the wheels. This paper describes fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control (AFC) schemes for the automobile active suspension system (ASS). The design objective is to provide smooth vertical motion so as to achieve the road holding and riding comfort over a wide range of road profiles. The efficacy of the proposed control schemes is demonstrated via simulations. With respect to the optimal linear quadratic regulator (LQR), it is shown that superior results have been achieved by the AFC.     

On the achievable performance using variable geometry active secondary suspension systems in commercial vehicles

There is a need to further improve driver comfort in commercial vehicles. The variable geometry active suspension offers an interesting option to achieve this in an energy efficient way. However, the optimal control strategy and the overal performance potential remains unclear. The aim of this paper is to quantify the level of performance improvement that can theoretically be obtained by replacing a conventional air sprung cabin suspension design with a variable geometry active suspension. Furthermore, the difference between the use of a linear quadratic (LQ) optimal controller and a classic skyhook controller is investigated. Hereto, an elementary variable geometry actuator model and experimentally validated four degrees of freedom quarter truck model are adopted. The results show that the classic skyhook controller gives a relatively poor performance while a comfort increase of 17–28% can be obtained with the LQ optimal controller, depending on the chosen energy weighting. Furthermore, an additional 75% comfort increase and 77% energy cost reduction can be obtained, with respect to the fixed gain energy optimal controller, using condition-dependent control gains. So, it is concluded that the performance potential using condition-dependent controllers is huge, and that the use of the classic skyhook control strategy should, in general, be avoided when designing active secondary suspensions for commercial vehicles.