线控转向系统转角反步控制算法研究

为实现商用车线控转向,设计一套新的线控转向系统架构及其转角跟踪控制算法。新的线控转向系统采用丝杠螺母结构中的丝杠直接控制纵拉杆,螺母通过带轮机构被电机驱动。对线控转向系统结构进行运动学分析,推导转向系统可变传动比,采用前轮转角为状态变量,建立线控转向系统二阶动力学模型。基于转角跟踪目标,采用反步控制算法,设计线控转向系统转角跟踪控制器,通过反馈系统线性化处理系统参数不确定和环境干扰问题,实现准确的目标转角跟踪,并建立李雅普诺夫函数,证明了采用反步控制的线控转向系统是渐进稳定的。搭建采用“丝杠螺母+带轮机构”架构的线控转向实车底盘测试台架,选取蛇形和混合工况进行控制算法验证。研究结果表明：与滑模控制算法的测试结果对比可知,反步控制算法绝对平均跟踪误差值降低了71.88%~79.57%,跟踪误差标准偏差值降低了71.32%~78.50%;线控转向系统反步控制转角跟踪算法能够减少系统收敛到原点的时间,抑制系统的抖振,提高车辆线控转向系统转角跟踪的操纵灵活性。     

基于增益模糊滑模变结构的线控液压转向控制

在分析全液压转向结构与转向偏差机理的基础上,设计了一种线控液压转向系统以实现车辆转向同步,消除转向偏差;针对现有方法确定的期望转向曲线可跟踪性差而无法实现转向同步,提出一种基于转向效率的期望转向曲线及其可行域确定方法,以最大、最小转向效率对应转向曲线为期望转向曲线可行域的上、下边界,确保期望转向曲线的可跟踪性;针对系统扰动不确定性及油液泄漏非线性,基于组合趋近律滑模控制,并引入饱和函数代替符号函数,在一定程度上抑制了控制系统的抖振;由于组合趋近律增益自适应性不足,导致车轮转角及角速度发生变化时,存在系统动态响应能力差的问题,通过分析车轮转角、角速度与趋近律增益的关系,制定了基于车轮转角及角速度的模糊规则表以自适应调整趋近律增益,实现增益模糊滑模控制,进一步提高油液补偿自适应能力和线控液压转向系统的鲁棒性;最后基于MATLAB/Simulink进行了仿真和试验验证。结果表明：提出的基于转向效率的期望转向曲线均具有良好的可跟踪性能;增益模糊滑模变结构控制具有良好的动态响应特性及控制精度,可有效地消除转向偏差,实现线控液压转向系统的同步转向。     

盾构刀盘驱动多电机同步控制策略研究

为了保障盾构刀盘驱动系统能够稳定运行,刀盘驱动电机之间的同步性能是一个关键因素。针对盾构电机数量多、结构复杂的特点,分析主从控制、并行同步控制和几种耦合控制在盾构驱动电机控制应用中的优缺点,说明并行同步在应用中的合理性;设计一种模糊PID智能控制算法,提出模糊PID控制器与并行同步控制结构相结合的盾构刀盘驱动多电机同步控制策略,应用Matlab/simulink进行建模仿真,对该控制策略和常规的PI控制进行仿真对比。结果证明:所提出的控制策略的动态响应快、实时性能好,在相同的负载突变状况下,该方法具有更强的鲁棒性,能更好地使多电机以设定速度同步运行。     

某新型线控转向系统的自适应模糊滑模控制EI北大核心CSCD

为实现一种新型线控转向系统的转角跟踪性能,提出了一种自适应模糊滑模控制(AFSMC)方法。传统的滑模控制(SMC)设计需要预先获得系统扰动量,而AFSMC可通过在线模糊自适应系统实时估计出系统扰动量,进而减弱控制律中的切换项信号,降低了控制系统的保守性和抖振现象。仿真结果表明,AFSMC控制下的线控转向系统具有良好的转角跟踪性能、鲁棒性和能效。     

某新型线控转向系统的自适应模糊滑模控制

为实现一种新型线控转向系统的转角跟踪性能,提出了一种自适应模糊滑模控制(AFSMC)方法。传统的滑模控制(SMC)设计需要预先获得系统扰动量,而AFSMC可通过在线模糊自适应系统实时估计出系统扰动量,进而减弱控制律中的切换项信号,降低了控制系统的保守性和抖振现象。仿真结果表明,AFSMC控制下的线控转向系统具有良好的转角跟踪性能、鲁棒性和能效。     

基于功能安全的分布式驱动电动汽车前轮失效补偿控制

分布式驱动电动汽车可以实现四轮转矩分配和差动转向,提升整车的动力学控制性能和经济性,但是四轮转矩独立可控的特点也对功能安全提出挑战。当前轮单侧电机出现执行器故障失效情况时,不仅会产生附加横摆力矩降低车辆安全性,差动转向功能的存在还会使车辆严重偏航。基于此,在设计分布式驱动-线控转向一体化底盘的基础上,基于功能安全提出一种分布式驱动电动汽车前轮失效补偿控制策略。首先建立分布式驱动失效动力学模型,分析前轮失效对车辆状态的影响机理,发现单一的驱动转矩截断控制无法满足车辆状态修正需求;其次设计一套备用的线控转向结构,通过变截距滑模控制算法提高切换状态下线控转向系统的转角跟踪性能,并用台架试验验证跟踪的准确性;然后设计自适应失效诊断观测器实时诊断驱动系统的电机故障,在将对应轮进行驱动转矩截断后,通过模型预测控制算法对车轮转矩重新分配实现纵向和侧向的状态跟踪;最后通过仿真和实车试验验证所提失效补偿控制策略的有效性和可用性。研究结果表明：分布式驱动电动汽车前轮单侧电机失效后,备用的线控转向系统能及时矫正前轮转角,所提出的失效补偿控制策略能够快速恢复车辆的稳定性和路径跟踪能力。     

基于变指数趋近律的线控转向滑模控制

为了提高线控转向车辆在高速工况下角传动比非线性响应的准确性,分析线控转向的功能指标,推导可变传动比的计算过程,讨论固定横摆角速度增益、固定侧向加速度增益、车速、方向盘输入对前轮转角映射结果的影响,建立基于模糊推理系统的可变传动比策略,针对理想传动比在车辆稳定性控制层面上的不足,采用前轮补偿角的方法进行最终前轮转角的决策。在验证过程中,搭建线控转向整车数学模型,选取典型转向输入工况,结合动力学仿真软件对总体系统设计进行联合仿真对比分析。实验结果分析证明,设计后的传动比策略可以实现方向盘指标需求,降低横摆角速度和质心侧偏角,有效减轻驾驶员的操作负荷,基于改进滑模控制的主动转向策略相比饱和函数指数趋近律滑模控制,超调量降低了9%,提高汽车行驶安全。     

轮毂电机驱动车辆线控差动转向的研究

针对轮毂电机驱动电动汽车各轮转矩独立可控且转矩响应迅速精确的特点,进行差动转向的相关研究。首先,构建了线控差动转向系统,并经过等效简化,建立了系统动力学方程。接着,进行了线控差动转向控制系统的设计。以系统模型为基础,以转向齿条位移为闭环控制量,分3步进行非线性控制器控制律的设计。确定转矩分配方案,实现各轮转矩的协调分配。然后,进行了经典工况下的仿真验证,结果表明,线控差动转向能较好地驱动车辆按照驾驶员意愿进行转向,所设计的非线性控制器控制效果良好,且差动转向的介入会影响车辆的稳定性和转向性能。最后,基于NI PXI实时平台和双轮毂电机试验台进行了硬件在环试验,验证了所构建线控差动转向系统的有效性。     

基于功能安全要求的线控转向系统开发及验证

为提高线控转向(SBW)系统的安全性与可靠性,基于ISO 26262开展了SBW系统设计,将系统的安全目标分配到架构、硬件、软件策略等开发中,设计了冗余机制以满足系统安全要求,并进行了台架和实车测试验证,结果表明:在特定的故障注入状态下,线控转向的路感模拟器和转向执行器的转矩和转角的执行状态满足响应需求,实现了整车的线控转向功能并满足设计要求。     

电动助力转向系统控制的台架试验研究

提出了将基于模糊神经网络的PID控制策略用于电动助力转向系统中助力电机的控制。设计了电动助力转向试验台，并进行了电动助力转向系统的台架试验。试验结果证明，采用模糊神经网络控制器确定目标电流，并使用PID反馈控制器跟踪目标电流的控制策略是十分有效的，能显著提高汽车的转向轻便性和灵敏性。     

Fault-tolerant braking control with integerated EMBs and regenerative in-wheel motors

This paper presents a fault-tolerant brake torque controller for four-wheel-distributed braking systems with in-wheel motors and Electro-Mechanical Brakes (EMB). Mechanical and electrical faults can degrade the performance of the EMB actuators and, thus, their effects need to be compensated in vehicle dynamics level. In this study, the faults are identified as performance degradation and expressed by the gains of each actuator. Assuming the brake force distribution and the regenerative braking ratios, the over-actuated braking system is simplified into a two-input system. A sliding mode controller is designed to track the driver’s braking and steering commands, even if there exist faults in EMBs. In addition, adaptive schemes are constructed to achieve the fault-tolerant control in braking. The proposed controller and strategies are verified in the EMB HILS (Hardware-in-loop-simulation) unit for various conditions.     

基于驾驶人转向意图的双电机驱动电动汽车稳定性控制策略

为了使双电机驱动电动车在车辆稳定性控制过程中能够精确解读驾驶意图,使车辆实际行驶状态与驾驶意图期望的车辆行驶状态尽可能相符合,提出一种基于驾驶人意图辨识的稳定性控制策略.利用基于支持向量机递归特征消除(SVM-RFE)得到的特征参数构建基于长短期记忆(LSTM)模型的驾驶人转向意图辨识模型;基于转向意图识别结果,以方向...     

Lateral stability control of dynamic steering for dual motor drive high speed tracked vehicle

In this paper, the torque and power required by dual motors for electric tracked vehicle during dynamic steering maneuvers with different steering radiuses are analyzed. A steering coupling drive system composed of a new type of center steering motor, two Electromagnetic (EM) clutches, two planetary gear couplers, and two propulsion motors is proposed for the dual motors drive high speed electric tracked vehicle (2MHETV), which aims to improve its lateral stability. An average torque direct distribution control strategy based on steering coupling and an optimization-distribution-based close-loop control strategy are designed separately to control the driving torque or regenerative braking torque of two propulsion motors for vehicle stability enhancement. Then models of the 2MHETV and the proposed control strategy are established in Recudyn and Matlab/Simulink respectively to evaluate the lateral stability of dynamic steering for the 2MHETV with different steering radiuses on hard pavement.The simulation results show that the lateral stability of the 2MHETV can be significantly improved by the proposed optimization-distribution-based close-loop control strategy based on steering coupling system.     

液压助力转向泵模拟加载装置测控系统开发

为了在发动机台架试验中能够按照试验规范控制液压助力转向泵的载荷,研制了转向泵模拟加载装置测控系统.该系统由基于16位微控制器的测控单元、伺服驱动器和工控机组成,利用以太网实现上、下位机通信,实时测量油压、油温和转向阻力等参数,根据获取的发动机台架控制系统试验开始标志来保持时间同步,通过控制机械转向器的转角来调节转向泵的载荷.试验结果表明,测控系统完全满足发动机试验中对转向泵连续加载要求.     

汽车线控转向技术的发展与应用

线控转向是汽车转向系统发展中最新的技术，它便于和其他系统集成、统一协调控制。介绍了汽车线控转向系统的体系构成、工作原理和主要特点，阐述了线控转向系统技术的主要发展，展望了其研究发展趋势和应用前景。     

Two-port network based bilateral control of a steer-bywire system

Steer-by-wire (SBW) system which is characterized by variable steering feel, better active safety, unmanned drive, has been widely studied to realize a distinctive driving experience. Control strategy acts as a key part of SBW system to achieve the goals. In this paper, a control strategy by bilateral control structure for steer-by-wire system is proposed. To make SBW system has the same function of conventional steering systems, the controller is designed to realize desired tracking control and realistic road feel feedback. The control of position and torque for each actuator is taken as two ports for the control network. Based on different control loop, two kinds of bilateral control is investigated respectively. The hardwarein- the-loop experiment platform of SBW is developed by the reconfiguration of electric power steering system. The test results are compared to show the performance of different control loops.     

Handling performance control for hybrid 8-wheel-drive vehicle and simulation verification

In order to improve handling performance of a hybrid 8-Wheel-Drive vehicle, the handling performance control strategy was proposed. For armoured vehicle, besides handling stability in high speed, the minimum steer radius in low speed is also a key tactical and technical index. Based on that, the proposed handling performance control strategy includes ‘Handling Stability’ and ‘Radius Minimization’ control modes. In ‘Handling Stability’ control mode, ‘Neutralsteer Radio’ is defined to adjust the steering characteristics to satisfy different demand in different speed range. In ‘Radius Minimization’ control mode, the independent motors are controlled to provide an additional yaw moment to decrease the minimum steer radius. In order to verify the strategy, a simulation platform was built including engine and continuously variable transmission systems, generator and battery systems, independent motors and controllers systems, vehicle dynamic and tyre mechanical systems. The simulation results show that the handling performance of the vehicle can be enhanced significantly, and the minimum steer radius can be decreased by 20% which is significant improvement compared to the common level of main battle armoured vehicle around the world.     

Nonlinear adaptive sliding mode control for vehicle handling improvement via steer-by-wire

This paper proposes a nonlinear adaptive sliding mode control that aims to improve vehicle handling through a Steer-By-Wire system. The designed sliding mode control, which is insensitive to system uncertainties, offers an adaptive sliding gain to eliminate the precise determination of the bound of uncertainties. The sliding gain value is calculated using a simple adaptation algorithm that does not require extensive computational load. Achieving the improved handling characteristics requires both accurate state estimation and well-controlled steering inputs from the Steer-By-Wire system. A second order sliding mode observer provides accurate estimation of lateral and longitudinal velocities while the driver steering angle and yaw rate are available from the automotive sensors. A complete stability analysis based on Lyapunov theory has been presented to guarantee closed loop stability. The simulation results confirmed that the proposed adaptive robust controller not only improves vehicle handling performance but also reduces the chattering problem in the presence of uncertainties in tire cornering stiffness.