钻井立管坠物作用下自升式平台甲板损伤及结构优化

钻井立管重量大、穿透性强且需要频繁吊装,为避免由此造成重大事故,以某自升式钻井平台坠物高风险甲板区为研究对象,借助非线性有限元分析软件LS-DYNA对碰撞过程进行模拟.结果表明,甲板无法抵抗立管造成的冲击损伤.通过分析损伤过程提出改良结构抗坠物碰撞的方案.     

深水FPSO上部模块抗集装箱坠落撞击结构分析

深水浮式生产储卸油装置（FPSO）上的化学药剂罐吊运作业可能引发机械碰撞损伤、环境污染等事故。按石油公司企业标准要求，对化学药剂罐坠落撞击上部模块顶层甲板和主卸货区甲板进行了定量风险分析，计算了典型撞击事件的发生概率和撞击能量。按DNV船级社规范，应用LS-DYNA 3D软件对化学药剂罐坠落撞击甲板结构进行模拟，分析甲板结构的塑性应变损伤和化学药剂罐的撞入深度，确定了甲板结构的局部加强设计方案，确保甲板下重要设备的安全。     

坠物参数对半潜式起重平台甲板结构损伤的影响研究

在半潜式起重平台吊运过程中容易发生跌落事故,本文以半潜式起重平台为研究对象,考虑2种典型坠物形式(点面和线面)和不同坠物类型,采用非线性有限元软件Ls-dyna,从坠物角度、跌落位置方面进行研究,分析不同场景下的平台结构损伤情况,开展不同坠物参数对平台甲板的损伤敏感性研究。研究发现:跌落角度越小,甲板损伤越小,角度越大,越容易发生倾倒;跌落在甲板纵骨上,结构吸能最小,跌落在横梁纵桁交汇处时,结构吸能最大;坠物在接触到下部结构时会产生滑动,跌落位置下方构件的局部刚度越强,损伤变形越小。本文研究对平台甲板抗冲击性能及安全作业有一定参考意义。     

半潜式起重平台跌落事故下结构损伤研究

海上结构物在吊运过程中发生跌落事故会对结构安全造成严重影响.文中以半潜式起重平台为研究对象,选取某导管架为典型吊运物,分析该场景下的跌落特性.采用非线性有限元软件Ls-dyna从冲击深度、冲击力、能量转化等方面进行研究,分析了不同高度和角度下平台的结构损伤情况.研究发现:坠物初始高度越高,结构损伤越严重;跌落过程中结构损伤变形具有明显的局部性,甲板的变形形式与坠物甲板接触面的形状相似;冲击力具有非常明显的非线性特征,碰撞力的每一次卸载都代表着某一构件的失效.文中提出了一些减少跌落事故结构损伤的措施,为平台拆解作业安全提供一定的参考和借鉴.     

基于塑性理论的海洋平台落物分析

海洋石油平台的工作环境较为复杂,在设计此类平台时,除了考虑平台自重及其受到的冰荷载、环境荷载、建造和安装时产生的事故荷载以外,还需考虑其在正常运行过程中物体坠落冲击载荷引起的应力集中。由此,对海洋平台的局部结构或整体结构进行落物评估分析,以验证其受力是否满足强度要求。采用Sesam软件建立分析模型,并采用USFOS软件进行落物时程分析,得到落物构件承载能力的变化规律;以能量法为依据,为海洋平台结构的设计优化和计算校核提供参考。     

海洋平台生活楼板架结构抗爆性能简化预报方法

海洋平台易发生油气泄露引发爆炸事故,进而造成结构损伤、设备损毁以及人员伤亡事故。生活楼是海洋平台上作业人员的生活区及极端环境下的避难场所,其结构在设计过程中应考虑油气爆炸载荷作用下的安全性问题。本文以某海洋平台生活楼板架结构为研究对象,基于单自由度理论研究求解结构等效单自由度系统在油气爆炸载荷下的结构响应解析式,并绘制响应曲线。通过与数值仿真分析进行对比分析,验证了理论分析结果的可靠性。本文研究成果可有效指导海洋平台结构抗爆设计。     

桩腿分段坠落自升式平台直升机甲板数值模拟

针对海上平台安装吊装作业中经常发生物体坠落现象,对人员和财产安全有巨大威胁的情况,基于非线性有限元理论和碰撞接触算法建立自升式平台直升机甲板模型,模拟自升式平台桩腿分段吊装过程中桩腿分段意外坠落撞击直升机甲板的问题,研究平台结构的应力分布、损伤情况,以及能量、撞深和碰撞力等参数的变化规律。讨论不同撞击速度下碰撞力和能量的变化,给出不发生塑性变形的临界碰撞速度,为现场桩腿分段吊装作业的安全提供参考。     

浅议海洋平台供油方案及安全措施

在当前技术条件下,大型海洋移动平台的正常运转主要依靠消耗燃油提供动力,因而平台需要添加足够的燃油.因海洋平台设备精密、造价成本高、体积巨大,为了在加油过程中不对海洋平台带来不利影响,供油驳船采取适宜的供油方案确保作业安全就是一项非常重要的工作.     

温带平台极地作业适应性评估

针对北极地区受北极海域环境低温、作业窗口窄、环保要求高等限制而油气勘探开发装备不足的问题,提出一种对温带平台做适应性改造以满足北极作业需求的评估技术方案,分析极地低温对海洋钻井平台结构、设备及作业环保等方面的影响因素,建立温带平台极地作业适用性评估技术流程体系,对南海作业的某平台进行评估分析,其原结构满足极地作业环境,...     

基于RFID技术的港口装卸作业安全预警系统

<正>港口是水陆交通的集结点和枢纽,对港口相关设备和作业人员进行科学管理,从而实现港口安全生产,是港口管理者的工作目标之一。据统计,在港口装卸作业过程中,发生起重机械装卸作业安全事故的比例较高,其中,因吊物坠落和机械挤压碰撞导致的人员伤亡事故较多,其主要原因是港口工作环境较为恶劣、作业人员精神高度紧张或疲劳、     

Design method for steel deck plates under quasi-static patch loads with allowable plastic deformations

Plastic deformation of plates in steel deck structures under heavy vehicle or helicopter wheel loads is common in ships and offshore structures, and is therefore of significant interest to designers of ro-ro/cargo ships, helicopter-carrying ships and offshore platforms. To provide insight into the plastic deformation of plates, the nonlinear elasto-plastic response of stiffened steel plates loaded quasi-statically by a central rigid rectangular indenter is investigated both experimentally and numerically. The numerically-determined stiffened plate permanent deflections compare well with those obtained experimentally. The concept of applying the elasto-plastic method to the design of deck plates under wheel patch loads is introduced, and the design principle of wheel patch loaded plating is studied together with the design criteria. A simple design formula to determine plating thickness is proposed based on an acceptable level of permanent set. Ship-mounted helideck plating design cases are given to illustrate the elasto-plastic method, and comparisons are made between the thicknesses derived using the proposed design formula and those found from Lloyd's Register (LR), Bureau Veritas (BV) and DNV-GL rule requirements.     

非接触爆炸下纵向箱型梁舰船的极限承载能力研究

以德国F124护卫舰纵向箱型梁甲板结构型式的舱段为研究对象,采用流固耦合方法计算其在空爆作用下的甲板变形。采用阻尼因子法,对各冲击因子下箱型梁和普通甲板结构型式舱段塑性变形后的极限承载能力进行比较分析。研究结果表明:在遭受非接触爆炸冲击后,箱型梁甲板结构型式与普通甲板结构型式相比,具有变形小、变形后舰体极限承载能力下降低等优势,因而能够显著提高舰船生命力。     

Structural Health Monitoring of Offshore Buoyant Leg Storage and Regasification Platform: Experimental Investigations

Offshore platforms are of high strategic importance, whose preventive maintenance is on top priority. Buoyant Leg Storage and Regasification Platforms (BLSRP) are special of its kind as they handle LNG storage and processing, which are highly hazardous. Implementation of structural health monitoring (SHM) to offshore platforms ensures safe operability and structural integrity. Prospective damages on the offshore platforms under rare events can be readily identified by deploying dense array of sensors. A novel scheme of deploying wireless sensor network is experimentally investigated on an offshore BLSRP, including postulated failure modes that arise from tether failure. Response of the scaled model under wave loads is acquired by both wired and wireless sensors to validate the proposed scheme. Proposed wireless sensor network is used to trigger alert monitoring to communicate the unwarranted response of the deck and buoyant legs under the postulated failure modes. SHM triggers the alert mechanisms on exceedance of the measured data with that of the preset threshold values; alert mechanisms used in the present study include email alert and message pop-up to the validated user accounts. Presented study is a prima facie of SHM application to offshore platforms, successfully demonstrated in lab scale.     

离岸浮力腿存储和再气化平台结构健康监测的试验研究（英文）

Offshore platforms are of high strategic importance, whose preventive maintenance is on top priority. Buoyant Leg Storage and Regasification Platforms(BLSRP) are special of its kind as they handle LNG storage and processing, which are highly hazardous. Implementation of structural health monitoring(SHM) to offshore platforms ensures safe operability and structural integrity.Prospective damages on the offshore platforms under rare events can be readily identified by deploying dense array of sensors. A novel scheme of deploying wireless sensor network is experimentally investigated on an offshore BLSRP, including postulated failure modes that arise from tether failure. Response of the scaled model under wave loads is acquired by both wired and wireless sensors to validate the proposed scheme. Proposed wireless sensor network is used to trigger alert monitoring to communicate the unwarranted response of the deck and buoyant legs under the postulated failure modes. SHM triggers the alert mechanisms on exceedance of the measured data with that of the preset threshold values; alert mechanisms used in the present study include email alert and message pop-up to the validated user accounts. Presented study is a prima facie of SHM application to offshore platforms, successfully demonstrated in lab scale.     

Experimental and analytical investigations on the response of stiffened plates subjected to lateral collisions

Rational structural design of ships or offshore platforms against collisions requires prediction of the extent of damage to stiffened plates generated by lateral impact. In predicting the extent of collision damage, most researchers employ numerical analysis methods using commercial software packages. Like other structural problems, any nonlinear dynamic analysis methods should be substantiated with relevant test data prior to being employed for design. Unfortunately, full-scale collision tests on marine structures are very rare. Still, results from collision tests on marine structural elements can help to substantiate theoretical methods for collision analyses. Lateral collision test data for unstiffened plates are available, but it is difficult to find results from tests on stiffened plates in the open literature. In this paper, the results of lateral collision tests on 33 stiffened plates are reported. A simplified analytical method is developed for the prediction of the extent of damage to stiffened plates due to lateral collisions and this method is substantiated with the test results. Also proposed is a simple criterion with which the occurrence of crack damage can be judged.     

Simplified method for quasi-static collision assessment of a damaged tanker side panel

The paper presents a simplified analytical method to examine the energy absorbing mechanisms of intact and damaged small-scale stiffened plate specimens, quasi-statically punched at the mid-span by a rigid wedge indenter. The specimens scaled from a tanker side panel are limited by one span between web frames and stringers. The influence of the initial damage on the impact response is based on the plastic behaviour of an intact specimen. The initial damage is provoked at one-quarter from the support by the same indenter that, afterwards, punches the specimen at the mid-span. In practice, initial imperfections of this type could be due to minor incidents during ship service operation, such as collision of ships with floating objects. To validate the proposed simplified method, experiments and numerical simulations are conducted. The experimentally obtained force-displacement responses and shapes of the deformation show good agreement with the simulations performed by the explicit LS-DYNA finite element solver. The analytical method derives expressions to estimate the energy dissipated by the intact and the damaged specimens based on the plastic deformation mechanisms, assuming that both the plate and stiffener structural components absorb the incident energy through the rotation of the plastic hinges at the point of contact and at the supports and the membrane tension over the plastically deforming region between the loading and the supports.     

柔性连接装置约束下的相邻浮体动力响应分析

许多海上工程作业中会出现两个或多个浮体相邻作业的情形,如海洋平台组块双船浮托安装等.在波浪作用下,相邻多浮体会发生水动力干扰现象,在特定条件下引起强烈的间隙共振,产生的巨大波浪力会对浮体造成破坏.相邻多浮体之间往往会存在柔性连接,需要考虑多浮体水动力干扰及机柔性连接构件的约束力对浮体运动响应的耦合作用,以及约束力本身对刚性或柔性连接构件的影响.因此,需要建立多浮体耦合的水动力-结构动力模型研究相互连接的海上浮式结构在复杂环境载荷下的动力响应.本文以双船浮托安装作业为背景,开发耦合的水动力-结构动力模型分析平台组块在双船拖运过程中的复杂动力响应.通过结合动态子结构法和静凝聚法,考虑连接构件的柔度,将连接构件的质量和刚度凝聚到构件与双船的连接点处.结合多浮体频域水动力分析,研究双船在柔性构件约束下和复杂水动力干扰共同作用下的运动响应.     

半潜式平台遭遇碰撞的结构响应分析

半潜式平台由于工作水深大,与其他类型的海洋平台相比,其在工作状态下遭遇船舶碰撞的风险最高,事故后果也最为严重。基于非线性动力学分析方法,以某半潜式平台为例,在考虑破损稳性的基础上,对其遭遇船舶碰撞的结构损伤和动力响应进行分析,并进一步针对主要撞击参数的影响进行了研究,为考虑碰撞载荷的半潜式平台结构设计提供参考。     

两种强力甲板结构形式在大变形损伤状态下的极限强度分析

针对2种不同强力甲板结构形式的舰船,应用ABAQUS非线性有限元分析工具,计算舰体在强力甲板大变形损伤状态下的总纵极限承载能力.采用冲击动载荷来模拟得到结构的大变形损伤状态,并将其作为初始状态进行极限承载能力分析.分析结果表明,纵向箱形梁这种新型强力甲板结构形式相比常规强力甲板结构形式,在大变形损伤下舰体总纵极限承载能力等方面具有显著的优越性.     

静压下考虑腔压的吸声覆盖层吸声性能分析

[目的]潜艇外壳表面敷设的水下吸声覆盖层在高静水压力作用挤压后的形状、材料参数都会发生改变,使吸声性能受到较大影响,故研究此影响对于潜艇声隐身性具有重要意义.[方法]考虑空腔内压力对静压下覆盖层形变的作用及吸声性能的影响,基于轴对称有限元仿真,计算含圆柱形空腔水下吸声覆盖层的单胞变形;将形变量导入吸声覆盖层的一维理论模...