鼓式制动器噪声机理及对策研究

归纳了鼓式制动器噪声研究现有方法，成果及存在问题，通过台架试验分析某型鼓式制动器制动噪声频率特性以及制动噪声不同频率成分的发生概率，并用有限元模态分析及试验模态分析，研究了制动噪声与制动器零件固有频率之间的关系。发现500～1000Hz范围的制动噪声可能与制动鼓、制动蹄及制动底板的相互作用有关，提出了制动底板加质量块及阻尼垫片的降噪方案。     

威伯科气压盘式制动器安全领域持续创新

盘式制动器主要由制动盘、油缸(制动气室)、制动钳、油(气)管等部件,和液(气)压作动力源组成.盘式制动器是以旋转工作的制动盘(金属圆盘)的端面作摩擦(面)的,在其固定支架上安装有由摩擦(材料)(工作面由2～4块摩擦片)与其金属底板组成的制动(片),这些制动(片)及其张紧装置都装在横跨在制动盘两侧的夹紧钳形支架中,称为制动钳.     

基于刚柔耦合的盘式制动器振动仿真分析

综合考虑摩擦特征和模态耦合,建立了基于刚柔耦合的矿用自卸车盘式制动器模型,以对其振动进行仿真分析.首次通过直接设置柔性体问的接触,模拟制动器典型制动工况.对其进行瞬态动力学分析.研究结果表明,部件间摩擦因数、部件阻尼对盘式制动器的振动有很大影响;合适的部件阻尼可有效提高制动系统的稳定性.     

摩托百问(二十五)

79.什么是鼓式制动器?什么是盘式制动器? 鼓式制动器的摩擦副中的旋转零件为制动鼓,固定在车轮上、其工作表面为内圆柱面;固定零件为制动蹄块,其工作表面为外圆柱面。鼓式制动器的制动形式通常为内胀式。制动时,通过手握制动把手或脚踩制动踏板,而使制动凸轮转动,将制动蹄块张开压紧摩擦片从而产生摩擦力矩(即制动力矩),而达到制动的目的。盘式制动器的摩擦副中的旋转元件是以端面工作的金属圆盘——制动盘,固     

盘式制动器打滑原因分析及处理

目前，在轿车及轻型货车上多采用盘式制动器，这种制动器具有散热性和热稳定性好、易实现间隙自动调整、维修方便等优点，但普遍存在的问题是有些车辆使用到一定程度，无论换不换摩擦块，都时常发生制动不良或制动失效的现象.下面通过一个实例谈谈制动摩擦块打滑的原因及处理措施.     

涉水后如何恢复制动效能

众所周知，制动是靠摩擦起作用的产生制动效果的过程．车轮制动器就是将动能转换成热能的主要部件．它的原理就是将制动片和制动盘压在一起。通过摩擦起制动作用。制动盘的材料是合金铸铁，制动片的材料是耐磨石棉。它耐高温，摩擦系数大。     

制动蹄衬片的磨损报警装置

1．制动蹄衬片的磨损制动蹄村片的使用限值为：其厚度不小于1mm，铆钉距衬片表面的高度不小于0．6mm。当衬片磨损过甚而超过限值时，其铆钉直接与制动鼓或制动盘发生摩擦．相对产生高速切削运动。现代汽车一些盘式制动器的制动块上，不用铆灯固定衬片，而是采用高强粘度的粘合剂来粘合制动衬片。汽车在行驶中，制动器的使用次数愈频繁，制动蹄衬片的磨损就愈快。当发生衬片的磨损超过限值时，将造成制动鼓或制动盘的损坏，致使制动性能下降，甚至使汽车完全失去制动性能。2制动蹄衬片磨损报警装置在汽车行驶中制动器的使用是随机的，使用次…     

摩擦材料摩擦特性对轿车前,后制动力之比的影响

本研究了摩擦材料摩擦特性对轿车（盘式），后（鼓式）制动器制动力之比的影响。根据对前，后制动器部总成大量的测功器试结果，计算并绘出前，后制动之比值随制动管路压力，车速，制动温度的变化关系曲线，并与设计作了对比分析，讨论了它对轿车制动稳定性的影响，为制动性能计算，制动器设计和制动衬片摩擦材料的选配提供依据和参考，从而保证了轿车的制动稳定性。     

盘式制动器制动噪声影响因素的有限元分析

盘式制动器的制动振动噪声是一个复杂的非线性动力学问题。文章利用有限元软件建立了基于面接触的有限元模型,克服简单利用弹簧来模拟接触的不足,通过复特征值分析预测制动噪声。通过改变摩擦因数、制动力、阻尼及温度等参数,建立了符合实际工况的制动器有限元模型,并分析这些参数对系统稳定性的影响。结果表明降低温度、减小摩擦因数、减小制动力和增大阻尼可以减小制动器的制动噪声。     

鼓式制动器的有限元分析

建立了鼓式制动器的有限元模型，把制动蹄、制动鼓和摩擦衬片作为一个整体进行有限元分析，所建立的模型考虑了制动鼓和摩擦衬片间的滑动，较真实的模拟了制动的工作过程。利用ANSYS软件预测了摩擦衬片分布式布置制动器上衬片的压力分布、制动扭矩、制动器的应力分布以及制动器的变形。     

盘式制动器制动尖叫的有限元分析与试验

建立了产生制动尖叫的钳盘式制动器各主要零件的有限元模型,并通过集成构建了制动器总成的接触摩擦耦合有限元模型,计算了制动器振动系统的复特征值分布和模态,分析了可能产生制动尖叫的不稳定模态,并与制动噪声台架试验统计结果进行了对比,结果表明所建模型能够较好地预测出制动器发生制动尖叫的倾向;分析了各零件的振动模态对产生制动尖叫不稳定模态的贡献大小,揭示出有尖叫倾向的不稳定模态是由子结构未耦合时的多阶振动模态叠加而成;分析讨论了摩擦因数、摩擦片结构及其背板阻尼对制动尖叫的影响,为控制制动尖叫提供了途径。     

Extended-Kalman-filter-based regenerative and friction blended braking control for electric vehicle equipped with axle motor considering damping and elastic properties of electric powertrain

Because of the damping and elastic properties of an electrified powertrain, the regenerative brake of an electric vehicle (EV) is very different from a conventional friction brake with respect to the system dynamics. The flexibility of an electric drivetrain would have a negative effect on the blended brake control performance. In this study, models of the powertrain system of an electric car equipped with an axle motor are developed. Based on these models, the transfer characteristics of the motor torque in the driveline and its effect on blended braking control performance are analysed. To further enhance a vehicle's brake performance and energy efficiency, blended braking control algorithms with compensation for the powertrain flexibility are proposed using an extended Kalman filter. These algorithms are simulated under normal deceleration braking. The results show that the brake performance and blended braking control accuracy of the vehicle are significantly enhanced by the newly proposed algorithms.     

汽车摩擦制动噪声研究进展与发展趋势

总结汽车摩擦制动噪声的产生机理、噪声特点和影响因素,回顾并分析抑制和防治制动噪声的理论与工程研究进展,提出开发新型高阻尼摩擦制动材料来降低或抑制制动噪声的思路和措施。     

盘式制动片烧蚀工艺与设备的研制

对盘式制动片的生产工艺作了简要的阐述，在此基础上分析了影响摩擦材料稳定性的因素，同时分析了这些因素给盘式制动片在制动过程中所带来的影响。指出了烧蚀工艺在保证摩擦材料的热稳定性方面的重要作用，并对烧蚀工艺作了进一步分析。介绍了新研制的我国首台烧蚀机的结构、主要技术参数及其工作原理，并对烧蚀机的温度控制原理进行了详细介绍。     

Analysis of automotive disc brake squeal considering damping and design modifications for pads and a disc

The squeal noise occurring from the disc brakes of passenger cars has been analyzed by using the complex eigenvalue method numerically. The contact between a disc and two pads was analytically modeled as many linear springs and dampers in an effort to develop the improved equation of motion derived on the basis of Lagrange’s equation and the assumed mode method. The finite element modal analysis results for disc brake components constitute an eigenvalue matrix in the analytical equation of motion. The complex eigenvalue analyses based on the equations of motion are able to examine the dynamic instability of a brake system, which is an onset of squeal, by considering the disc rotational effect. Numerical analyses showed that the modes unstable in an undamped analysis became stable in a damped case, which illustrates the important effect of damping on the squeal instability in a brake squeal simulation. Then several modified brake models were suggested and investigated how effectively they suppressed the occurrence of squeal noise. The brake parts such as a pad chamfer and a disc vane were modified and the influence of pad chamfer and vane shapes on squeal occurrence was proved to be significant. The numerical results showed that proper structural modification of a disc brake system can suppress the brake squeal to some extent.     

Smoothing dry friction damping by dither generated in rolling contact of wheel and rail and its influence on ride dynamics of freight wagons

Friction dampers of mechanical systems are frequently exposed to medium-frequency (M-F) dither generated in the surrounding environment. A dithered system of technical importance is the railway freight wagon with friction dampers in the primary suspension developing two-dimensional friction, where dither is generated by the rolling contact of wheel and rail. This paper presents some results of the investigation of the influence of dither on dry friction damping. This influence has been studied experimentally and theoretically, and the parameters of dither influencing dry friction damping have been indicated. An experimental set-up has been designed that allows investigating friction damping in the presence of dither. The experiments have shown that friction damping in the presence of the M-F dither behaves like viscous damping. This means that dither smoothes dry friction as far as damping is concerned. To investigate this phenomenon theoretically, a rheological model of dry friction has been proposed that is applicable to one- and two-dimensional friction. In the latter case, the model takes into account friction anisotropy. According to performed numerical simulations of freight wagon motion, with dither supplied to the model through measured vertical accelerations of axle boxes, smoothing dry friction by dither strongly influences ride dynamics of the wagon with friction dampers in the primary suspension. Smoothing dry friction by dither should be accounted for in numerical simulations of motion of vehicles with friction dampers in the primary suspension by employing a proper model of the two-dimensional friction and application of realistic dither generated by rolling contact.     

一种重型汽车刮水控制系统及电机控制方法

目前,国内重型汽车刮水系统中的电机大都由组合开关上的刮水开关直接控制,电机经由线束和刮水开关形成"刹车"回路,实现电机的回位,电机"刹车"时产生的大电流极易在组合开关的触点间产生拉弧并烧蚀触点,故使组合开关的故障率居高不下。在满足电机正常控制的前提下,降低组合开关的故障率,本文介绍一种控制信号与驱动信号相分离且刮水器采用摩擦消耗来停车的刮水控制系统及电机控制方法。     

基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的鼓式制动器接触仿真分析

利用显式动力分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,进行瞬态动力学仿真分析,模拟制动器在制动过程中接触摩擦情况与接触应力的分布以及制动过程中制动鼓的变形和速度的变化情况。     

Measurement of the disc-pad friction coefficient for mechanical brakes using direct and indirect methods

It is necessary to guarantee the proper brake force to stop a train safely in a limited distance and o adjust its speed. Currently, most trains are run by electrical power and have a combined electrical and mechanical (friction) braking system. The mechanical brake force is determined by many parameters, such as the friction coefficient of the brake disc and pad, the pressure in the brake cylinder, the brake cylinder’s cross sectional area and the brake linkage ratio. In general, the friction coefficient data of the brake disc and pad have been taken through a dynamo-test in a laboratory, but these data might not be well matched with real data under operating conditions because of the difference in data acquisition conditions. The present study examined two methodologies that can measure the friction coefficient of the brake pad and disc based on a train’s real operating conditions. The first method was the direct method, which measured the brake force and clamping force applied on the mechanical brake by using strain gauges installed on the brake to calculate the friction coefficient. The second was an indirect method that obtained the friction coefficient by using the weight of the train and the equivalent brake force. Those variables were calculated from the longitudinal dynamic characteristics, such as resistance to motion, gradient resistance and curved resistance. These two methodologies were used to obtain the disc-pad friction coefficient for the mechanical brakes of a Korean high-speed train (HSR350x).