修船估价系统分析与设计

文中讨论了船舶维修业中传统人工估价方法，进而对计算机辅助估价进行了分析和设计，并简要介绍了其中几个模块的实现。     

国际海运业合并兼并的动机和方式研究（二）

在上期中我们探讨了合并、兼并的动机，本期我们将根据国际海运界浒的估价技术、预算技术和确立风险技术等对目标公司进行估价。然后，我们再简要地分析杠杆收购。     

海损船舶内部装修修复费用的估价

通过对典型案例的分析，讨论对发生损坏的船舶内部装修的修复费用进行估价时一般会遭遇的几种状况，并结合对现行法律法规的研究，提出在不能辨明原材料和结构且船东不能提供相关证明的情况下的估价方法。     

关于国际油污赔偿基金组织索赔手册（下）

（2）海难救助和预防措施 海难救助作业有时可算作一种预防措施。只有初始目的是为了防止污染损害的海难救助作业才能算作预防措施。如果该作业有其他目的，如打捞船体和货物，发生的费用是不许按基金公约规定来索赔的。对未按救助报酬估价适用的标准算作预防措施活动的补偿估价，补偿限于成本，包括合理的利润成分。[第一段]     

《工程估价》课程整合与创新——信息化电算化在《工程估价》的应用

《工程估价》课程教学改革是一项教学实践的创新活动。本文从工程估价课程整合的角度,就如何有效利用现有教学资源,结合学科热点,提出了自己的方案,同时对课程整合的教改实践进行了分析和探讨。     

俄罗斯外贸法规

海关估价 关税须按照海关产品估价以硬通货或按现行汇率以卢布支付。海关估价一般以进口产品的CIF价为基础。另外也征收货物实际成本0.15％的海关手续费。临时进口费为1000卢布。根据海关规定,海关处理程序不应长于一个月。如俄罗斯海关拒绝接受货物,法规规定产品须运返原产国。     

船舶效能管理系统综合评价方法

采用系统工程的方法对船舶效能管理系统进行综合评价，在建立综合评价指标体系的基础上，对指标进行定量估价，并结合某港口航道ＶＴＳ方案，提出评价交管系统的方法。     

敏感性分析在船舶估价中的应用

介绍了敏感性分析方法的基本原理,并以实例论述了敏感性分析在船舶估价中的应用。     

敏感性分析在船舶估价中的应用

介绍了敏感性分析方法的基本原理,并以实例论述了敏感性分析在船舶估价中的应用。     

鱼雷实航能源供应系统启动安全性分析程序研究

本文采用数字仿真技术研究鱼雷能供系统启动过程，并将仿真结果与燃料供应系统陆上模拟启动试验结果以及鱼雷实航结果进行了比较，各物理量的变化趋势基本相符，说明模型较好地反映了实际物理过程。应用程序主要用于分析能供系统液体燃料充填过程、液体燃料进入燃烧室分解燃烧时间、燃烧供应管路各危险截面压力变化情况以及管路压力损失等动态性能。通过仿真研究，可以估价能供系统性能，预测实航结果，避免造成最终进行湖、海试验时     

An analysis of trends in passenger and freight transport energy consumption in India

This primary objective of this paper is to examine the causes for the change in energy consumption in the transport sector in India. The pattern of energy consumption and their causes for change are benchmarked against select countries. A mathematical model that decomposes changes in energy consumption to various factors has been used. The changes in the energy consumption are attributed to growth in transport volume, structural change or modal shift, and energy intensity. The analysis is conducted for passenger and freight transport separately. Results indicate that the growth in transport volume has been the main cause for increase in energy consumption for both passenger and freight transport in India despite the decline in energy intensity of various transport modes. Though not surprising for a growing economy like India, this poses a challenge for the future. Currently, India is a low carbon economy.     

Decentralized Coastal Zone Management in Malaysia and Indonesia: A Comparative Perspective 1

Transferring decision-making process from central to local government and enhancing the role of local communities in managing coastal zones is an increasing commitment by governments in Southeast Asia. This article analyzes decentralized coastal zone management in two neighboring countries, Malaysia and Indonesia. The Federal system in Malaysia is argued to be able to influence more decentralized coastal zone management and to promote community-based management approaches. Meanwhile, the large diversity of coastal resources and communities combined with a still as yet tested decentralization policy in Indonesia is argued to bring more challenges in implementing the decentralization and community-based approaches in coastal zones. The lessons learned in this study provide insight in how far decentralized coastal zone management has taken place in Malaysia and Indonesia. The significant differences in the pattern of coastal zone management in these two countries are discussed in detail. This study recognizes that co-management and community-based approaches can be appropriate in dealing with coastal zone management. This comparative perspective is important to the development of a bigger picture of sustainable coastal zone management processes and cross-regional knowledge-sharing in Southeast Asia.     

Nonlinear effects from wave-induced maximum vertical bending moment on a flexible ultra-large containership model in severe head and oblique seas

Vertical bending moment (VBM) is of crucial importance in ensuring the survival of vessels in rough seas. With regard to conventional vessels, wave-induced maximum VBM is normally considered to be experienced in head seas. It is conservative to determine the extreme VBM based on either numerical simulations or model tests in long-crested head seas. Extensive model tests have been conducted in head seas with focus on the nonlinear vertical responses in severe seas, and the measured results were compared with numerical calculations for validation. Unexpected phenomena, however, were observed during the model tests of an ultra-large containership. The maximum sagging and hogging VBMs were encountered in oblique seas. Furthermore, the significant wave height used in oblique seas was even smaller than that used in head seas. The nonlinear vertical load effects in oblique seas require further investigations for this particular vessel. Limited experimental results in oblique seas have been reported, in which the lateral responses were always more concerned than the vertical responses. Up to now, rare systematic comparisons of the nonlinear vertical responses between head and oblique seas have been published, especially when the hydroelastic effects are also accounted for. A 13000-TEU ultra-large containership model, which was designed by Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI), has been tested in the towing tank and the ocean basin at the Marintek center in Trondheim. The experimental results in regular waves are first compared between head and oblique seas. The statistical characteristics of the VBM amidships under nineteen irregular wave conditions are then investigated. Next, the extreme hogging and sagging VBMs are compared under different wave conditions with focus on the extreme hogging VBMs. At the end of the paper, the uncertainties in the experiments are discussed.     

风浪中螺旋桨水动力变化的实用计算方法

风浪中螺旋桨水动力变化规律是研究舰船在风浪中速航性能的重要方面。本文参照有关文献,提出了一种计算风浪中螺旋桨推力、转矩损失的实用定量计算方法,既可用于较精确地估算舰船在风浪中的增阻和失速,还可供提高舰船在风浪中速航性的研究和螺旋桨设计参考。     

Exploring the effects of passenger rail franchising in Britain: Evidence from the first two rounds of franchising (1997-2008)

This paper provides an up-to-date review of the previous literature concerning the impact of passenger rail franchising on productivity and costs in Britain, and also presents important new evidence. In particular, the extension in time of previously-used datasets offers the first opportunity to study the impacts of re-franchising. The previous literature emphasised the failure of franchising to produce sustained productivity gains, with a sharp deterioration in productivity after 2000. The new evidence presented offers a somewhat more positive view of the British experience. It suggests that part of what was previously considered to be falling productivity may in fact be due to exogenous changes in diesel prices. Further, new data suggests that the recent increases in costs have resulted in higher quality of service. Finally, competitive re-franchising, and the associated unwinding of short-term management and re-negotiated contracts, seems to have led to improvements in productivity between 2006 and 2008. Nevertheless, it remains the case that passenger rail franchising in Britain has failed to reduce costs in the way experienced in many other industries and in rail in other European countries. The evidence is that somewhat larger franchises, avoiding overlapping and optimising train density and length, should reduce costs. We also speculate that the major increase in wages and conditions of staff might be moderated by longer franchises, although that remains to be proved. This re-appraisal of the British case is important in the context of the wider international interest in the use of franchising in passenger rail, and its relevance to the current review of ways of introducing competition into the domestic rail passenger market in Europe.     

航道护岸工程中基槽边坡稳定研究

航道护岸工程中经常发生基槽边坡滑坡失稳事故，从而造成经济和安全问题。因此，就滑坡发生机理进行研究对保障航道护岸工程顺利建设有重大意义。从极限平衡原理出发，分别运用Fellenius法和Bishop法验算了苏北某航道护岸工程开挖边坡的设计稳定性，并分析比较两种方法的差异，得出了在多层土的计算中有时会出现Fellenius法比Bishop法的安全系数略大的结论。结合工程实际中可能出现的渗流和超载等因素，计算得到边坡安全系数的变化规律和极限平衡状态时的临界负荷，从而提出了相应的预防渗流、控制超载等措施，可以为航道护岸建设提供参考。     

Exploring relationships between recruitment of European hake (Merluccius merluccius L. 1758) and environmental factors in the Ligurian Sea and the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean)

This paper explores the relationships between the spatial patterns of the distribution of the young hakes of the year (YOY) and the oceanographical features in two areas of the Central Mediterranean (the Ligurian Sea and the Strait of Sicily), characterised by the occurrence of straits and channels. Comparative and correlative approaches were used to investigate coupling between biological and physical patterns. Density indices of the YOY were derived from annual trawl surveys from 1994 to 2004 in spring and autumn. Mean patterns of the YOY distributions were compared with the mesoscale oceanographical features reported in literature. No evident trends in recruitment strength were found in either areas. Inter-annual variability in YOY abundance in the Ligurian Sea was higher than in the Strait of Sicily. The location of nursery grounds in the study areas coincides with zones of relatively higher production, where upwelling and other enrichment processes regularly occur. The presence of predictable eddies and the frontal systems play a major role in the localization of nursery areas in the Strait of Sicily, maintaining their stable position throughout the years. The strongest transport of southern waters from the Tyrrhenian to the Ligurian Sea, due to the East Corsica Current, which is negatively correlated to winter North Atlantic Oscillation, is associated with the highest abundance of hake recruits in the nurseries of the Northern Ligurian Sea.     

长江口北支崇启大桥处潮位和盐度过程研究

位于长江口北支的崇启大桥处于盐淡水交替区,其混凝土桥墩易受海水腐蚀。为给桥墩抗腐试验提供必要的潮位变动区范围和盐度试验参数,建立了基于无结构网格的长江口盐水数值模型,计算分析了在不同径流量和外海潮汐边界条件下,崇启大桥断面潮位变幅及盐度变动过程。研究表明崇启大桥处潮位变幅大,潮汐是控制崇启大桥处水位变动范围的关键因素;桥墩处盐度整体取决于入海径流量,流量增加促使盐度降低,反之亦然;潮汐作用促使桥墩处呈现短周期性振荡盐度,盐度范围为10‰～26‰,其中枯季盐度平稳,洪季变幅大。     

A generalized model of pelagic biogeochemistry for the global ocean ecosystem. Part II: Numerical simulations

This paper presents a global ocean implementation of a multi-component model of marine pelagic biogeochemistry coupled on-line with an ocean general circulation model forced with climatological surface fields (PELAgic biogeochemistry for Global Ocean Simulations, PELAGOS). The final objective is the inclusion of this model as a component in an Earth System model for climate studies. The pelagic model is based on a functional stoichiometric representation of marine biogeochemical cycles and allows simulating the dynamics of C, N, P, Si, O and Fe taking into account the variation of their elemental ratios in the functional groups. The model also includes a parameterization of variable chlorophyll/carbon ratio in phytoplankton, carrying chl as a prognostic variable. The first part of the paper analyzes the contribution of non-local advective–diffusive terms and local vertical processes to the simulated chl distributions. The comparison of the three experiments shows that the mean chl distribution at higher latitudes is largely determined by mixing processes, while vertical advection controls the distribution in the equatorial upwelling regions. Horizontal advective and diffusive processes are necessary mechanisms for the shape of chl distribution in the sub-tropical Pacific. In the second part, the results have been compared with existing datasets of satellite-derived chlorophyll, surface nutrients, estimates of phytoplankton community composition and primary production data. The agreement is reasonable both in terms of the spatial distribution of annual means and of the seasonal variability in different dynamical oceanographic regions. Results indicate that some of the model biases in chl and surface nutrients distributions can be related to deficiencies in the simulation of physical processes such as advection and mixing. Other discrepancies are attributed to inadequate parameterizations of phytoplankton functional groups. The model has skill in reproducing the overall distribution of large and small phytoplankton but tends to underestimate diatoms in the northern higher latitudes and overestimate nanophytoplankton with respect to picoautotrophs in oligotrophic regions. The performance of the model is discussed in the context of its use in climate studies and an approach for improving the parameterization of functional groups in deterministic models is outlined.     

危险货物集装箱水上运输风险与管理对策

随着海上运输方式的不断发展,集装箱运输以其安全、高效、便利、快捷的优点,赢得市场青睐。近年来,海运危险货物不断呈现出集装化和散装化趋势,集装箱运输的危险货物量越来越多,事故发生率在逐年增加。文中以现有的法律、法规和规范为依据,结合实际工作经验,阐述了危险货物集装箱水上运输的安全监管对策。