汽油机劣化时的瞬态排放量熵值分析

介绍了符号时间序列分析中的直方图、Shannon熵等,并给出了熵值的计算程序,选用BN492Q和CS492Q两台汽油机台架进行实验,对得到的实验数据进行熵值分析,结果验证了符号时间序列分析方法的Shannon熵可以作为汽油机瞬态排放的评价参数。     

汽油汽车瞬态排放的远程移动检测及分析

为了获知机动车瞬态排放特性,开发了汽车排放远程移动检测系统,可实现汽油汽车瞬态排放的移动检测和排放数据特征的远程传输;设置了改进ASM工况,可模拟城郊公交汽车在2个客运站之间运行的状况;采用实验方法研究了汽油汽车在改进ASM工况下的瞬态排放规律。在改进ASM工况下检测某Audi100汽油汽车的瞬态排放,结果表明,随汽油机平均转速的升高,排放量降低;在汽油汽车换挡过程中,排放量瞬时增加;排放信号滞后于汽油机转速信号。     

符号时间序列方法在汽油机燃烧循环变动特征分析中的应用

应用一种新的分析方法———符号时间序列方法对汽油机燃烧循环变动进行了研究。测量得到了某汽油机16种不同工况下的示功图,从提高精度与有利于数据的符号化观点出发,确定以缸内峰值压力作为汽油机燃烧循环变动的表征参数,把符号时间序列分析的具体技术和实施途径应用于试验数据,获得了汽油机燃烧循环变动随转速与负荷的变化规律,提出了利用改进的SHAN NON熵作为汽油机燃烧循环变动的评价指标的新观点。研究结果表明:该方法能较好地应用于汽油机燃烧循环变动特征分析。     

瞬态工况下汽车有害排放物分析

为达到模拟汽车在实际道路上行驶的瞬态工况,文章利用底盘测功机,在不同工况下给汽车加载不同的负荷,并进行测试。通过对瞬态工况下排放试验测试数据的处理和分析,得出了汽车尾气排放中CO,HC,NOx在不同速度和加速度变化时的变化趋势与规律。测试结果表明,在行驶速度较低时,尾气中CO和HC的排放量较大,NOx的排放较小;行驶速度较高时,CO和HC的排放量较小,而NOx的排放较大。     

汽油机恒转速增转矩瞬态工况燃烧特性的实验研究

针对汽油机瞬态工况所面临的某些问题,采用实验手段研究了汽油机恒转速增转矩瞬态工况下的燃烧过程,通过与稳态工况比较,分析了其示功图、平均指示压力、最高燃烧压力及其对应的曲轴转角、瞬时放热过程以及累计放热过程等参数,得出了汽油机恒转速增转矩瞬态工况下燃烧的特性.     

汽油机瞬态排放CO的符号时间序列统计量分析

介绍了符号时间序列分析中的直方图、Shannon熵和高阶矩等,结合排放的体积百分数,对TOYOTA2500汽油机瞬态排放中的CO进行了分析。在节气门匀速变化和匀加速变化时,比较不同速度时的瞬态排放质量。     

汽油机瞬态工况仿真与试验

为掌握汽油机在瞬态工况下的工作特性,建立了汽油机准维燃烧模型,编制了循环仿真程序。对某四缸汽油机稳态和瞬态加速工况进行了仿真,并通过台架试验进行验证。两者结果的对比表明,缸内燃烧压力、燃烧放热率和平均指示压力等指标的仿真与实测结果相当一致。该程序充分考虑了汽油机燃烧室内紊流流动、燃烧室形状和瞬态工况对燃烧过程的影响,可用于研究火花塞位置、燃烧室结构尺寸对汽油机燃烧过程和火焰传播的影响。     

车用汽油机瞬态排放测量的理论研究

文中对汽油机瞬态排放测量的必要性以及国内外发展现状进行了较为详细的介绍,根据国内发动机实验室的具体情况给出了一种利用稳态发动机试验台进行瞬态排放测试的方法。进而提出了可以基于符号时间序列分析的方法对汽油机瞬态排放信号进行分析,获得瞬态排放的特征。     

汽油机燃烧循环变动的分岔特征

对16种不同工况下的汽油机示功图进行了测量,以缸内峰值压力的试验数据为基础,应用符号时间序列分析方法,得到了汽油机燃烧循环变动的分岔特性,同时获得了汽油机燃烧循环变动随转速与负荷的变化规律。     

用于增压器涡轮瞬态特性试验的脉冲发生器设计研究

针对汽油机排气脉冲压力波特点,研制了在增压器试验台上模拟汽油机排气压力波的脉冲发生器,对脉冲发生器进行了试验验证,测量了对应于汽油机不同转速工况下脉冲发生器产生的脉冲压力波形。结果表明,该脉冲发生器可以很好地模拟汽油机的排气脉冲,为增压器涡轮瞬态特性试验提供了一种有效手段。     

测量条件对柴油机排放PM尺寸分布的影响

研究了不同测量条件对柴油机PM尺寸与浓度分布测量的影响,在一台单缸柴油机上用SMPS测量装置测量了不同运转条件下柴油机PM排放,试验中采用不同的稀释比、稀释空气温度、取样点位置等,在大量的试验研究基础上,分析了柴油机PM排放的特征和主要影响因素。结果表明,随稀释比增加,PM尺寸趋向于累积模式分布或粗粒子模式分布,其浓度趋于降低;随着稀释空气温度的升高,PM质量和数量也相应降低,低负荷时PM峰值浓度移向细小颗粒的碳核模式区域;取样点位置远离排气出口,PM浓度逐渐减小,累积模式尺寸的PM数增多。     

柴油机汽车尾气净化装置的研制

内燃机的废气净化方法有机内净化和机外净化两种。介绍了柴油机汽车尾气净化装置的研制过程，论述了机外净化原理及ＰＬＣ铂小球催化剂的特点和关键技术。试验测试表明，所研制的汽车尾气净化装置具有良好的净化效果。     

对二次空气改善车用汽油机排气净化效果的研究

在车用汽油机排气中CO和HC生成与热反应净化机理研究的基础上 ,通过试验探讨了二次空气对提高车用汽油机排气热反应净化效果的影响。研究结果表明 ,在发动机高速大负荷工况下 ,足量的二次空气能使CO和HC的排放浓度大幅度降低 ,而在发动机中等转速中小负荷工况下 ,由于排气温度低 ,二次空气对热反应净化效果影响不大     

Adaptation Strategy for Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Common Rail Pressure to Improve Transient Torque Response in Diesel Engines

Fuel injection limitation algorithms are widely used to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions under transient states in diesel engines. However, the limited injection quantity leads to a decrease in the engine torque response under transient states. To overcome this issue, this study proposes an adaptation strategy for exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and common rail pressure combined with a fuel injection limitation algorithm. The proposed control algorithm consists of three parts: fuel injection limitation, EGR adaptation, and rail pressure adaptation. The fuel injection quantity is limited by adjusting the exhaust burned gas rate, which is predicted based on various intake air states like air mass flow and EGR mass flow. The control algorithm for EGR and rail pressure was designed to manipulate the set-points of the EGR and rail pressure when the fuel injection limitation is activated. The EGR controller decreases the EGR gas flow rate to rapidly supply fresh air under transient states. The rail pressure controller increases the rail pressure set-point to generate a well-mixed air-fuel mixture, resulting in an enhancement in engine torque under transient states. The proposed adaptation strategy was validated through engine experiments. These experiments showed that PM emissions were reduced by up to 11.2 %, and the engine torque was enhanced by 5.4 % under transient states compared to the injection limitation strategy without adaptation.     

尾气分析与汽油发动机系统故障诊断

汽油发动机尾气成分直接与发动机的工作情况有关,对发动机在不同工况下尾气中不同成分气体含照的检测和分析,可以判断发动机各系统工作是否正常,也可以据此埘汽油发动机系统进行故障诊断。本文介绍利用尾气分析结果对发动机各系统进行故障诊断的方法。     

排气系统振动噪声特性分析及改进

某微型客车在800-1 900 rpm有明显的"嘟嘟"声及排气噪声偏大。本文采用仿真和试验相结合的方式,分析排气系统的振动、背压、消声器传递损失、尾管噪声、插入损失和功率损失特性。分析结果表明排气尾管发生共振,放大发动机高次谐波分量,是引起本排气噪声问题的主要原因。通过多方案分析比较,确定一合理优化方案,其排气噪声降低1-5dB(A),主驾驶员右耳噪声降低0.5-2.5 dB(A),满足功率损失比、插入损失和背压差标准要求,"嘟嘟"声明显减弱,声品质提高。     

基于DoE的车用消声器优化设计

针对某乘用车消声器在发动机转速1 500～3 000 r/min范围内尾管噪声偏大的问题,应用GT-Power软件建立发动机及排气系统模型,并对该模型进行了试验验证。应用DoE方法找到了对消声器性能影响较大的参数,建立了消声器性能综合评价体系。依据运行工况及指标的重要程度为各转速下的评价指标设计了相应的权重,通过多目标优化计算得到了最优化的消声器结构参数。优化后消声器的模拟计算结果表明,在发动机转速1 500~3 000 r/min范围内,尾管总噪声和2阶噪声有较大程度上的降低。     

Measurement of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions during the starting of automotive DI Diesel engines

Most of hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from automotive DI Diesel engines are produced during the engine warm-up period and are primarily caused by difficulties in obtaining stable and efficient combustion under these conditions. Furthermore, the contribution of engine starting to these emissions is not negligible; since this operating condition is highly unfavorable for the combustion progress. Additionally, the catalytic converter is ineffective due to the low engine temperature. In conjunction with adequate engine settings (fuel injection and fresh air control), either the glow plugs or the intake air heater are activated during a portion of the engine warm-up period, so that a nominal engine temperatures is reached faster, and the impact of these difficulties is minimized. Measurement of gaseous pollutants during engine warm-up is currently possible with detectors used in standard exhaust gas analyzers (EGA), which have response times well-suited for sampling at such transient conditions. However, these devices are not suitable for the measurement of exhaust emissions produced during extremely short time intervals, such as engine starting. Herein, we present a methodology for the measurement of the cumulative pollutant emissions during the starting phase of passenger car DI Diesel engines, with the goal of overcoming this limitation by taking advantage of standard detectors. In the proposed method, a warm canister is filled with an exhaust gas sample at constant volumetric flow, during a time period that depends on the engine starting time; the gas concentration in the canister is later evaluated with a standard EGA. When compared with direct pollutant measurements performed with a state-of-art EGA, the proposed procedure was found to be more sensitive to combustion changes and provided more reliable data.