轿车后视镜尾部气流脉动压力场分布及向车室内传递气流噪声的理论估算

本文通过风洞试验研究了桑塔纳轿车后视镜产生的脉动压力场的分布情况。发现其脉动压力的能量主要集中在轿车通风窗与前侧窗的外表面位置,且其能量很大,相当于90km/h的车速下,最大处脉动压力级达132.5dB,成为一个大声源,透过玻璃向车内传递气流噪声。最后,根据理论推导证明了传递到车室内的气流噪声功率与脉动压力的平方成正比,并近似估算出在90km/h速度下由桑塔纳后视镜产生的传递到车内的气流噪声功率约为2.51×10~3W。     

汽车气动噪声外辐射声场的数值仿真

从Lighthill声类比理论出发,将流体动力学技术与边界元法结合起来,在某轿车边界元模型中,导入流场边界脉动压力数据,并经转换和计算获得汽车表面附近的气动偶极子声源边界条件;采用直接边界元算法进行汽车气动噪声外辐射声场的数值仿真.结果表明:轿车表面的偶极子声源强度随频率增大而降低;在120km/h车速和2000Hz频率时后视镜附近声场的气动噪声声压级可达78dB左右;在同一频率下,轿车在纵向对称面上的气动声源辐射强度要大于地平面上的气动声源辐射强度.     

轿车后座噪声声源识别研究

本文介绍了用现代信号分析技术成功地识别轿车的后排座低频器材怕声源的过程，在声源识别的指导下，对轿车的设计进行了改进，使车内噪声级下降了５．５ｄＢ（Ａ）     

关于高速车辆气流噪声的研究探讨

高速车辆的气流噪声是现代科技高度发达而产生的新问题。本文以气流声学和涡动力学为基础，分析了高速车辆气流噪声的主要产生机理，并对气流噪声的计算以及车外脉动压力的计算理论进行了初步探讨。     

高速车辆气流噪声的试验研究

在分析了车辆气流噪声与表面脉动压力关系的基础上，在风洞中对车辆表面脉动压力的分布、频率特性及速度特性进行了试验研究。结果表明：由于气流在A立柱后产生分离并形成螺旋向上的纵向涡，使得在前侧窗附近的表面脉动压力明显地高于其他区域，成为主要的噪声源区之一；车辆表面脉动压力的能量与气流速度的4次方成正比；车辆表面脉动压力的幅值在低频率时较大，并随频率的增大而减小。比较了不同形状的A立柱对侧窗表面脉动压力的影响，对降低汽车气流噪声作了初步探讨，发现A立柱形状与脉动压力的特性关系不大，但对脉动压力的大小影响较大。     

车尾排风降低汽车空气阻力的研究

对于一般的前置发动机小轿车，发动机冷却风是从发动机下部排出的，对此进行调查发现，引进发动机冷却气流对空气阻力系数Cd的增加量在0．025－0．040之间，约CD（0．3－0．4）的10％－15％，使用标准轿车的散热器压力损失系数，气流沿程压力损失以及出入口压力参数值进行计算，车尾排风在不同百叶窗开度时可使冷却风导致的CD的增加量达0．005－0．010，但由于车尾排风改变了汽车外部气流的压力分布，使此增量比0．005－0．010大得多，研究结果表明，冷却通风的车尾排出法较其它任何部位都能大幅度地控制因冷却通风而增加的空气阻力。     

基于A柱-后视镜车内气动噪声数值模拟与预测

针对后视镜引起的前侧窗与车内气动噪声问题,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对某商用车进行车外后视镜区域数值模拟和车内噪声预测的研究。稳态分析采用RANS模型中SST(Menter)k-ω模型,瞬态分析采用基于SST(Menter)k-ω的分离涡模拟(DES);通过分析后视镜侧窗区域的稳态静压力与瞬态动压力、速度和涡量云图,揭示了因A柱后视镜而产生车窗表面的湍流压力脉动的机理;同时求解瞬态流场获得两侧车窗表面湍流压力脉动载荷。采用声学FEM方法将车窗表面湍流压力脉动作为边界条件来计算气动噪声的传播,基于车内声学空间不同频率的声压级云图分布规律,说明了车内气动噪声主要集中在中低频段和声压级最大的分布区域;驾驶员左耳旁声压级曲线展示了20-2500 Hz频段内声压级变化规律。最后进行实车道路滑行测试,证实了气动噪声在车速80-110 km/h时较为明显的结论;采用CFD结合声学有限元的方法可较为准确地预测车内100-2500 Hz气动噪声的声压级,为优化后视镜、降低驾驶室内气动噪声提供仿真和试验的技术方案。     

A／O生物法处理石化废水的研究

石油化工废水由于水质成分复杂，毒性大，有机物浓度较高，处理上有一定的难度。试验证明，采用本文提出的Ａ／Ｏ生物法处理石油化工废水是相当有效和切实可行的。当厌氧反应器进水有机负荷为５．２ｋｇＣＯＤ／ｍ＾３．ｄ，曝气池污泥负荷为０．４５ｋｇＣＯＤ／ｋｇＭＬＳＳ．ｄ时，系统ＣＯＤ总去除率为８５－９６％，ＢＯＤ５总去除率为９５－９９％。     

高速车辆表面脉动压力特性的研究

研究表明，偶极子源噪声在车辆气流噪声中占主导地位，而车辆气流噪声中的偶极子源噪声又取决于车辆的表面脉动压力，所以研究车辆表面脉动压力对进一步研究和控制车辆气流噪声具有重要的重义。本文在阐述了车辆气流噪声与表面脉动压力关系的基础上，对车辆表面脉动压力的分布、频率特性及其与车速的关系进行了试验研究，得到了一些有意义的结论。     

别克世纪轿车电动后视镜常见故障及检修

汽车后视镜主要供驾驶员观察汽车左、右两侧的行人、车辆及其它物体的情况,以确保行车和倒车时的安全。后视镜一般安装在汽车驾驶室外部的两侧,为了调整方便,现代轿车多采用电动后视镜。本文主要介绍     

Grille design for passenger car to improve aerodynamic and cooling performance using CFD technique

Grille opening shape for small passenger car is designed numerically by using parametric study. Key geometric parameters to design a grille opening configuration are represented by vertical height, horizontal width, size, linear deformation, position, and blockage. Numerical study investigates the effects of those key parameters on the aerodynamic drag and the grille inlet flow rate, which are very important to the aerodynamic performance as well as the powertrain cooling performance of the car. Flow simulations are performed at the velocity of 110 km/h inflow condition. The outflow boundary condition is implemented by pressure outlet condition of atmospheric pressure. Moving wall condition of 110 km/h is set on the ground.     

Actively translating a rear diffuser device for the aerodynamic drag reduction of a passenger car

This research aims to develop an actively translating rear diffuser device to reduce the aerodynamic drag experienced by passenger cars. One of the features of the device is that it is ordinarily hidden under the rear bumper but slips out backward only under high-speed driving conditions. In this study, a movable arc-shaped semi-diffuser device, round in form, is designed to maintain the streamlined automobile??s rear underbody configuration. The device is installed in the rear bumper section of a passenger car. Seven types of rear diffuser devices whose positions and protrusive lengths and widths are different (with the basic shape being identical) were installed, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses were performed under moving ground and rotating wheel conditions. The main purpose of this study is to explain the aerodynamic drag reduction mechanism of a passenger car cruising at high speed via an actively translating rear diffuser device. The base pressure of the passenger car is increased by deploying the rear diffuser device, which then prevents the low-pressure air coming through the underbody from directly soaring up to the rear surface of the trunk. At the same time, the device generates a diffusing process that lowers the velocity but raises the pressure of the underbody flow, bringing about aerodynamic drag reduction. Finally, the automobile??s aerodynamic drag is reduced by an average of more than 4%, which helps to improve the constant speed fuel efficiency by approximately 2% at a range of driving speeds exceeding 70 km/h.     

发动机油轨脉动噪声的仿真与试验研究

针对某乘用车开发过程中出现的怠速低频噪声进行了研究,发现噪声源为汽油机喷油器反复开启产生的燃油压力脉动。应用商业流体软件对喷油器关闭瞬间燃油在油轨内的传播过程进行三维仿真,得到油轨内的油压变化规律。并在原机模型的基础上分析了油轨尺寸和横截面积的变化对油压的影响。分析表明:油轨横截面面积加大对油压脉动有一定的降低作用;相同横截面积条件下,长宽比越大,抑制油压脉动的效果越好。优化方案的噪声测试结果表明,方轨比圆轨的噪声小,但圆轨带内置缓冲器,效果最佳,可降低车内噪声3.2dB。     

两辆SUV乘用车侧碰耐撞性最差工况的判定

为了判定运动型多功能乘用车(SUV)受到同款车型以确定速度侧面碰撞时驾驶位附近车体耐撞性最差的工况,参考2018版中国新车评价规程(C-NCAP)中的相关要求,联合HyperWorks和LS-DYNA软件建立了两辆某款福特SUV侧面碰撞的有限元模型,仿真计算了撞击车在50 km/h的速度下以4种角度碰撞静止车辆侧面6个位置时被撞车驾驶位附近车体侧围构件的侵入量数据及其分布情况。结果表明:若两辆此款SUV发生侧碰且碰撞速度一定,则被撞车驾驶位附近车体侧围构件在碰撞角接近120°且碰撞位置处于法规侧碰处向前0~200 mm范围内的工况下所产生的侵入量最大,即被撞SUV驾驶位附近车体的耐撞性在这样的工况下显得最差。     

Enhancement of aerodynamic performance through high pressure relief in the engine room for passenger car using cfd technique

High pressure acting on the vehicle’s body plays an important role in deciding the aerodynamic drag. An idea has been suggested to enhance the aerodynamic performance for small passenger car by relieving the high pressure in the engine room. The high pressure inside the engine room can be released to the outside of the vehicle through a hole perforated on the wheel house liner. About 1 % of the drag coefficient can be improved with the 1.88 % of the radiator air mass flow rate increment by installing the top hole with slots on the wheel house liner. Flow simulations are performed at the driving velocity of 110 km/h with the moving wall condition of the same velocity. The tire is rotating to catch more precise flow physics around a tire and wheelhouse liner.     

关于广州地铁隧道空气动力学效应缓解措施的研究

地铁列车高速通过中间风井以及多次在地下线路与高架线路间转换,引起车厢内压力波动,降低了乘车的舒适性。文章总结了其他国家制定的地铁或高速铁路不同的人体舒适度压力控制标准和国内的地铁压力舒适度的相关研究,采用地铁环境模拟计算软件SES 41,对广州地铁14号线列车线路在隧道运行时不同列车时速、不同的隧道断面、不同渐扩段长度等情况下通过隧道洞口及中间风井时车头的压力波动及压力舒适度进行计算分析,提出对于高速地铁可在常规盾构隧道断面入洞口处和中间风井处设置一定长度及规模的渐扩段,同时结合行车组织的压力缓解措施的设计建议,这些措施在广州地铁14号线、21号线、南京机场线等工程设计中已进行应用,具体效果有待线路开通后进行实测验证。     

Comparative investigation on the aerodynamic effects of combined use of underbody drag reduction devices applied to real sedan

To reduce the aerodynamic drag, the performance of the underbody aerodynamic drag reduction devices was evaluated based on the actual shape of a sedan-type vehicle. An undercover, under-fin, and side air dam were used as the underbody aerodynamic drag reduction devices. In addition, the effects of the interactions based on the combination of the aerodynamic drag reduction devices were investigated. A commercial sedan-type vehicle was selected as a reference model and its shape was modeled in detail. Aerodynamic drag was analyzed by computational fluid dynamics at a general driving speed on highway of 120 km/h. The undercover reduced the slipstream area through the attenuation of the longitudinal vortex pair by enhancing the up-wash of underflow, thereby reducing the aerodynamic drag by 8.4 %. The under-fin and side air dam showed no reduction in aerodynamic drag when they were solely attached to the actual complex shape of the underbody. Simple aggregation of the effects of aerodynamic drag reduction by the individual device did not provide the accurate performance of the combined aerodynamic drag reduction devices. An additional aerodynamic drag reduction of 2.1 % on average was obtained compared to the expected drag reduction, which was due to the synergy effect of the combination.     

基于机器学习的汽车后视镜气动噪声预测方法

针对传统风洞试验、数值模拟等方法计算噪声值费时长、资源消耗大等问题,提出一种基于机器学习的气动噪声预测方法。以后视镜特征参数为数据集输入,对不同特征参数下的后视镜模型进行瞬态流场与声场联合仿真,将计算得到的总声压级值作为数据集输出,分别用不同数量的样本数据训练支持向量回归机,通过建立的预测模型对同一测试集进行预测得到总声压级预测值。结果表明,基于支持向量回归机的预测方法能得到与计算值误差较小的预测结果,在较少样本数据支撑下也具有较高的预测精度,可用于汽车后视镜气动噪声的预测。