波浪循环荷载作用下饱和软黏土孔压发展模式

利用循环三轴试验对波浪循环荷载作用下饱和软黏土的孔压发展进行了研究,考虑了固结应力、循环应力幅值和循环周期等因素对孔压发展的影响。试验发现,在循环荷载初期,平均孔压的增长较迅速,而循环荷载的后期孔压增长较缓慢;循环应力幅值越大,固结应力越小及循环荷载周期越大,土体中的孔压越大。根据试验结果建立了拟合孔压与循环周数的数学关系式,并研究了不同试验条件对参数的影响。分析表明:循环应力幅值比越大,固结应力越小及参数u*max越大,固结应力对参数k、t的影响较小,参数k、t随着循环应力比值分别近似呈线性降低和线性增大的趋势;不同循环周期的参数u*max和t近似为常数,参数k随着循环周期的变化呈线性降低趋势。     

循环荷载下滨海软粘土累积塑性应变试验研究

近海工程在波浪等循环荷载的作用下,地基中的软粘土会产生较大的沉降和变形,影响上部结构的稳定性。本文以烟台港的淤泥质粘土为研究对象,进行动三轴试验,以围压、静偏应力、动应力、荷载循环次数等为变量,探讨了不同工况下淤泥质粘土的累积塑性应变发展规律。试验结果表明,累积塑性应变随着荷载循环次数的增加,先迅速增大,而后增速减缓,最终应变值趋于稳定;累积塑性应变受不同围压值的影响不明显,但是静偏应力比、动应力比越大,其初始增速越快,最终达到的稳定值越大。通过试验结果分析,综合考虑围压、静偏应力、动应力、荷载循环次数等影响因素,提出能够合理描述累积塑性应变发展规律的双曲模型,并应用于烟台港实际工况,计算结果符合工程实际。     

偏压固结软黏土循环特性试验研究

关于软黏土循环强度弱化的研究已经有了很多成果。然而在工程上为了削弱循环荷载对土体的影响,一般会采取打塑料排水板、堆载预压等软基处理手段来提高土体强度,从而减弱循环荷载对土体的弱化作用。以烟台港原状淤泥质粉质黏土为研究对象,通过室内动三轴试验,探究土体在静偏应力固结后累积孔压的发展规律和循环强度的弱化规律。根据孔压数据拟合出软黏土的孔压模型,再利用等效超固结比理论将孔压模型与强度弱化规律相结合,得到了适用于偏压固结之后整个动态循环过程的强度变化公式。     

不同围压条件下淤泥质黏土蠕变力学特性试验及模拟

淤泥质黏土是码头工程常见地基土,其蠕变特性与码头地基稳定性紧密关联。为研究不同围压条件下的淤泥质黏土蠕变力学特性,对其开展固结排水三轴压缩蠕变试验。基于蠕变试验结果,引入Mesri和Log-Modified模型模拟淤泥质黏土的蠕变力学行为,得到蠕变经验模型,并对比两个模型的辨识效果。结果表明,同一围压下,随着轴压的提升,轴向应变逐渐递增,初始和稳态蠕变速率均呈线性递增趋势;同一加载等级下,围压和轴压的升高促进轴向应变的增长,较高轴压和围压条件下初始、稳态蠕变速率均始终大于较低轴压和围压条件;淤泥质黏土等时轴压-轴向应变曲线近似双曲线,具有明显的非线性特征;Mesri蠕变经验模型辨识效果优于Log-Modified蠕变经验模型。     

船行波对内河饱和软黏土刚度和强度弱化影响试验研究

近年来随着内河航运业的发展和船舶大型化的趋势,船行波对内河航道岸坡的稳定性影响不容忽视。船行波是一种动荷载,长期作用于内河表层饱和软黏土,对其刚度和强度影响严重。通过动三轴试验模拟了船行波对内河饱和软粘土的刚度和强度的影响,并对动三轴试验后的土样进行不排水剪切试验,研究了船行波荷载长期作用后内河表层软粘土的强度弱化。通过研究建立了考虑循环荷载比的软化指数经验公式;建立了考虑循环荷载比的土体残余应变计算经验公式,并在此基础上建立了土体强度折减与残余应变的关系;最后依据莫尔库伦准则给出土体粘聚力和内摩擦角的强度折减系数与循环应力比关系经验公式。     

天津黏土地基动载模式下的孔压发展规律

黏土路基在交通荷载作用下的沉降以及不均匀沉降问题越来越突出,孔压的累积与消散是其中重要的影响因素,探究出孔压发展规律对于科学设计与施工具有重要意义。在前人研究基础之上,采用GDS动态三轴仪器对天津地区饱和黏土进行试验,主要探究振动次数、动应力比和结构性对孔压发展的影响。试验结果表明,原状土孔压的增长速率随着振动次数的增加而逐渐减小,随着动应力比的增加而增大;重塑土孔压在振动初期迅速上升随后达到稳定,达到的稳定值比原状土高,稳定后有轻微的剪胀现象。针对试验结果,提出了适用于天津地区黏土动载模式下的孔压发展模型,并结合实际工程对黏土长期沉降进行预测。     

高动应力水平下软粘土动力特性研究及应用

软粘土在受到不同应力水平动荷载作用时动力特性差异较大,在低水平动应力作用下土体强度呈现循环弱化并趋于稳定状态,在高水平动应力作用下土体强度会发生循环破坏,高、低动应力水平的临界值称为临界动应力。目前研究大多针对低水平动应力作用下土体强度循环弱化问题。针对烟台港淤泥质粉质粘土开展了一系列动三轴试验,探究淤泥质粉质粘土的临界动应力变化特性及土体在高水平动应力下的强度变化规律,研究了不同围压、不同固结静偏应力和不同超固结比条件下软粘土的动力特性。通过对动强度试验数据的统计分析,给出了土体临界动应力随固结围压的变化规律,得到了综合考虑循环次数、围压、静偏应力和超固结比的土体动强度模型。依据已有的低水平动应力下循环强度弱化模型和建立的高水平动应力下动强度模型,通过二次开发将其在ABAQUS软件中实现,建立了综合考虑不同动应力水平下土体强度循环弱化和循环破坏的有限元数值模型,并通过实例研究了土体强度循环破坏对地基承载力的影响。     

荷载作用下超固结比对软土抗剪强度指标影响

通过室内三轴试验,研究在荷载作用下,淤泥质粉质粘土的超固结比与抗剪强度值的关系,进而分析总结出软粘土的抗剪强度指标c,φ值随超固结比和轴向偏应力的变化规律。表明:抗剪强度值随轴向偏应力的增加而线性增加;抗剪强度值随超固结比的增加而增加,呈曲线的变化趋势。超固结比越大,土样的抗剪强度增加的速率越慢。软粘土的抗剪强度指标c,φ值随轴向偏应力的提高而线性增加,但φ值增长幅度较小;软粘土的抗剪强度指标c,φ值随超固结比的增加而增加,呈曲线的变化趋势,超固结比越大,c,φ值增加的速率越慢;与c值相比,φ值增长幅度较小。最后对试验数据加以公式拟合,提出考虑荷载作用下软粘土的抗剪强度指标c,φ值随超固结比变化的计算公式。     

循环荷载波形变化对天津滨海软土刚度软化特性的影响

为研究循环荷载波形对结构性软土刚度软化的影响,以天津滨海新区天津港保税区海积软土为研究对象,对其施加不同波形、不同幅值的循环荷载。试验结果表明:当循环荷载应力幅值较小时,软土刚度软化速率慢,不同波形循环荷载对软土刚度软化影响差别不大;当循环荷载较大时,软土刚度软化速率加快,荷载波形变化对结构性软土刚度软化速率影响明显,其中方波循环荷载作用下软土刚度软化的速率最大,正弦波次之,三角波最小。通过对比分析不同波形、不同应力幅值荷载作用下软土软化指数衰减曲线,得到综合考虑荷载波形和应力幅值的软化指数经验公式。     

多因素下滨海软黏土循环后强度弱化研究及应用

随着近海工程向深水化、大型化发展,波浪循环荷载作用下软黏土地基弱化问题越来越受到关注。文章以烟台港原状淤泥质黏土为研究对象,通过动三轴试验,研究了不同围压、动应力和静偏应力影响下循环后不排水抗剪强度弱化规律和应力路径发展规律。在此基础上考虑实际工程中的土体状况,增加了固结度这一新的影响因素。试验结果表明存在固结度临界动应力比0.2,当动应力比小于等于0.2时,固结度对于土体强度弱化的影响基本一致;当动应力比大于0.2时,固结度对于强度弱化的影响突然加速。根据试验规律建立了综合考虑围压、动应力、静偏应力和固结度的多因素影响下不排水抗剪强度弱化公式,并采用拟静力方法将公式应用于烟台港防波堤数值模型的计算中,结果表明考虑强度弱化效应的计算方法更加接近工程实际。     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

正~~     

第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.