Structural Optimization of Hatch Cover Based on Bi-directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization and Surrogate Model Method

Weight reduction has attracted much attention among ship designers and ship owners. In the present work, based on an improved bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method and surrogate model method, we propose a hybrid optimization method for the structural design optimization of beam-plate structures, which covers three optimization levels: dimension optimization, topology optimization and section optimization. The objective of the proposed optimization method is to minimize the weight of design object under a group of constraints. The kernel optimization procedure (KOP) uses BESO to obtain the optimal topology from a ground structure. To deal with beam-plate structures, the traditional BESO method is improved by using cubic box as the unit cell instead of solid unit to construct periodic lattice structure. In the first optimization level, a series of ground structures are generated based on different dimensional parameter combinations, the KOP is performed to all the ground structures, the response surface model of optimal objective values and dimension parameters is created, and then the optimal dimension parameters can be obtained. In the second optimization level, the optimal topology is obtained by using the KOP according to the optimal dimension parameters. In the third optimization level, response surface method (RSM) is used to determine the section parameters. The proposed method is applied to a hatch cover structure design. The locations and shapes of all the structural members are determined from an oversized ground structure. The results show that the proposed method leads to a greater weight saving, compared with the original design and genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization results.     

多目标优化的新方法——幂加权和法及数值仿真

提出了一种新的评价函数,将多目标优化问题转化为单目标优化问题,并证明了由这种方法所得到的最优解是多目标优化问题的有效解.用混合罚函数法将约束问题变为无约束问题,将改进的模拟退火算法与单纯形法结合起来构造一种效率较高的全局优化算法,该算法具有模拟退火算法在全局搜索上的优点和单纯形法在局部搜索上的优点.用计算机语言编制了通用程序,给出了单目标优化和多目标优化的例子,数值仿真结果表明这种方法是可靠的.     

基于ADAMS的FSAE赛车转向梯形机构的优化设计

在设计FSAE赛车悬架转向机构的基础上,分析了转向机构中的关键点对阿克曼转向特性的影响。利用ADAMS软件建立FSAE赛车悬架转向机构的虚拟样机模型,并对转向梯形机构进行优化设计,着重分析了梯形转向机构的几个约束条件和目标函数的建立。优化结果表明,优化后赛车转向系的内外轮的转角关系值与理论值更接近,误差更小,改善了赛车的转向性能。     

RES脉内特征的差分进化粒子群投影寻踪评价模型

针对雷达辐射源信号脉内特征综合评估存在标准单一、缺乏客观性等问题,提出了基于群体智能的雷达辐射源信号脉内特征综合评估模型.首先,通过投影寻踪算法将雷达辐射源信号脉内特征的综合评估问题转化为有条件限制的多元非线性目标函数的优化问题;其次,通过改进的粒子群优化算法与差分进化算法的结合得到新的智能算法;最后,利用该算法实现多元非线性目标函数的优化求解.仿真结果表明:该群体智能算法对Rosenbrock测试函数的最优适应度值最小,对Rastrigrin函数和Girewank测试函数的最优适应度值为0,说明该算法的计算精度优于其他算法.同时适应度值的方差比标准粒子群算法和差分进化算法小,说明该算法的收敛性和鲁棒性较好.通过与加速遗传算法对评估问题目标函数5次优化结果的比较,本算法的计算结果没有波动,说明基于群体智能的RES脉内特征综合评估模型能够更客观、更有效地实现对RES脉内特征的综合评估.      

一种新的时域动态载荷识别方法

为了准确地识别未知载荷和降低测量噪声对识别结果的影响,基于动态规划方法和Bellman最优化原理,提出了新的时域动态载荷识别方法.从系统的状态空间方程出发,利用最小二乘法建立了系统响应的实际测量值与识别值之间的目标函数,同时引入Newmark积分,得到了基于系统位移、速度和加速度响应的系统离散运动方程;将动态规划方法和Bellman最优化原理应用于目标函数的最小化,推导了动态优化载荷识别公式.通过数值算例对文中方法进行了验证,结果表明:该方法对动态载荷识别适应性强,在测量响应含有10%噪声干扰下,误差均低于25%.      

Improvement of collaborative optimization

This paper presents a new improved collaborative optimization (CO) model that provides solution capabilities for multiobjective multidisciplinary optimization problems. Reasons that cause computational difficulties in CO algorithm are firstly analyzed. Then a new system level objective function is advised to minimize relative value between the collaborative objective function and single disciplinary objective function. And it eliminates the effect of dimensions and magnitude orders among objectives. A new s...     

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交通网络设计问题是交通规划理论的一个重要组成部分,即在资金有限且考虑出行者决策行为的情况下,制定最优投资策略.由于人工费、材料费和使用费等的不确定性,路段的修建成本存在不确定性.本文通过改进预算投资约束,应用鲁棒优化的方法同时考虑出行者的路径选择行为,建立路段修建成本不确定的交通网络设计的鲁棒模型,并利用基于割约束的混合整数线性规划算法求解此模型,进而得到一个受修建成本扰动较小的鲁棒最优解.通过算例表明,在修建成本不确定的交通网络设计中,本文提出的鲁棒优化方法可以得到比传统确定性问题更加可靠的解.     

Periodic topology optimization of crane boom based on improved soft kill option method

An improved soft kill option (SKO) method is proposed to achieve the optimization design of tower crane boom. For a better optimization performance, a parabolic weight coefficient is suggested and the displacement constraint is taken into consideration. In order to eliminate the numerical instability phenomena like checkerboard and mesh dependence, element temperature filter function is added into SKO method. Through the optimization data comparison of rectangular cantilever plate, it is verified that the improved SKO method can achieve a better result with more uniform stress and higher efficiency. Based on the dimension and load parameters of QTZ63 tower crane boom, an optimization model is established, and a periodic SKO method is put forward to optimize this model. The optimization result of the crane boom can provide a new thought for tower crane boom design.     

基于交通流生存函数的交叉口通行能力计算模型

针对基本通行能力不能全面反映道路交通状况的缺点, 提出了城市道路随机化通行能力概念; 依据评价体系定义交通中断与持续中断, 量化了城市道路交通拥堵程度; 研究了现有通行能力估计方法, 利用乘积限与寿命分布列构造并估计了交通流分布函数; 结合交叉口各入口交通流数据特性改进传统连续交通流参数模型, 提出了基于交通流生存函数的交叉口通行能力计算模型; 将该模型估计结果与道路通行能力手册HCM2010中的模型估计结果和交叉口实测流量进行误差对比。分析结果表明: 生存函数模型计算出的中断、持续中断交叉口通行能力与HCM2010中的模型计算结果误差均值分别为0.162 1与0.116 4, 方差分别为0.029 0与0.015 2, 两者误差波动均较小; 提出的计算模型结果与实测较大流量相对误差分别为9.720%、3.822%和4.936%、4.779%, 统计意义下提出的计算模型相对误差为5.871%, 估计效果稳健; 城市道路交通中断次数、可接受中断概率、交通流、速度与道路通行能力之间存在生存函数乘积限对应关系, 研究交叉口的通行能力为7 632 pcu·h-1, 提出的计算模型估计结果更具有可靠性。可见, 提出的计算模型适用性较好, 特别在不同拥堵程度的城市道路交通区域, 通过可接受中断概率估计通行能力, 可为城市道路交通组织与管理部门提供优化目标、科学决策和易于接受的理论依据。      

基于灵敏度分析的大跨桥梁结构有限元模型优化研究

本文给出了一种基于灵敏度分析的大跨桥梁结构有限元模型优化方法。具体步骤如下：（1）通过竣工资料建立有限元模型;（2）利用成桥试验技术报告确定目标函数与修正参数;（3）采用灵敏度分析方法确定修正参数与目标函数的关系,将结构的有限元模型优化问题转化为数学模型的优化问题;（4）采用线性加权法将多目标优化转化为单目标优化问题,并利用二次规划法进行优化求解;（5）用优化后的结果代入有限元模型计算。采用上述方法对金塘大桥主通航孔桥的结构有限元模型进行优化,结果表明：优化后的计算响应值与实测响应值的误差控制在5%以内,验证了上述方法的实用性。     

基于图正则化和Schatten-p范数最小化的交通数据恢复

为充分利用交通数据低秩特性与局部近邻关系，准确恢复交通数据采集系统中的缺失数据，首先，应用基于核范数的低秩矩阵补全模型对交通数据矩阵进行预插补，以获得缺失值的初始估计，基于此，构建表征数据局部近邻结构的图模型；然后，提出融合图正则化和Schatten-p范数最小化的交通数据缺失值恢复模型；进一步，提出基于交替方向乘子框架的优化算法，求解缺失值恢复的最优化问题，得到最终的数据恢复结果；最后，用实际的高速公路交通流量和速度数据比较多种方法的恢复误差，同时给出所提方法的参数敏感性分析. 实验结果表明:在完全随机缺失、随机缺失和混合缺失模式下，缺失率为10% ~ 50%时，相比于局部最小二乘、概率主成分分析和低秩矩阵补全等方法，基于图正则化和Schatten-p范数最小化的算法恢复误差降低了3.02% ~ 28.49%.      

非理想电压下有源电力滤波器的电流检测

分析了有源电力滤波器（APF）电流（ip-iq）检测法中影响检测精度的因素，包括低通滤波器和锁相环的频率及相位检测误差．为消除电流检测中非理想电压带来的锁相环检测误差，提出改进的电流（ip-iq）检测法．在该方法中，将APF直流侧电压的调整部分单独考虑，调整量加入到经过低通滤波器滤波并经反变换环节得到的基波电流信息中．这样，未经过反变换的直流侧电压调整值不受锁相环误差的影响．仿真验证了改进方案能有效降低非理想电压对电流检测精度的影响，提高APF性能．     

Minimum resistance ship hull uncertainty optimization design based on simulation-based design method

In the ship hull optimization design based on simulation-based design (SBD) technology, low precision of the approximate model leads to an uncertainty form of optimization model. In order to enable the approximate model with finite precision to maximize the effectiveness, uncertainty optimization method is introduced here. Wave resistance coefficient approximation model, built by back propagation (BP) neural network, is represented as a form of interval. Afterwards, a minimum resistance optimization model is established with the design space constituted by principal dimensions and ship form coefficients. Double-level nested optimization architecture is proposed: for outer layer, improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm with learning factor improvement strategy is used to generate design variables, and for inner layer, modified very fast simulated annealing (MVFSA) algorithm is used to solve the objective function interval with uncertainty region. Cases calculation proves the effectiveness and superiority of uncertainty optimization method for ship hull SBD optimization design, thus providing a good way for finding optimal designs.     

An Adaptive Joint Source/Channel Coding Using Error Correcting Arithmetic Codes

An approximately optimal adaptive arithmetic coding (AC) system using a forbidden symbol (FS) over noisy channels was proposed which allows one to jointly and adaptively design the source decoding and channel correcting in a single process, with superior performance compared with traditional separated techniques. The concept of adaptiveness is applied not only to the source model but also to the amount of coding redundancy. In addition, an improved branch metric computing algorithm and a faster sequential searching algorithm compared with the system proposed by Grangetto were proposed. The proposed system is tested in the case of image transmission over the AWGN channel, and compared with traditional separated system in terms of packet error rate and complexity. Both hard and soft decoding were taken into account.     

A New Arithmetic Coding System Combining Source Channel Coding and MAP Decoding

A new arithmetic coding system combining source channel coding and maximum a posteriori decoding were proposed. It combines source coding and error correction tasks into one unified process by introducing an adaptive forbidden symbol. The proposed system achieves fixed length code words by adaptively adjusting the probability of the forbidden symbol and adding tail digits of variable length. The corresponding improved MAP decoding metric was derived. The proposed system can improve the performance. Simulations were performed on AWGN channels with various noise levels by using both hard and soft decision with BPSK modulation.The results show its performance is slightly better than that of our adaptive arithmetic error correcting coding system using a forbidden symbol.     

基于PSO优化RBF-NN的磁浮车间隙传感器温度补偿

针对高速磁浮列车悬浮间隙传感器的温度漂移现象,建立了基于RBF（radial basis function）神经网络的间隙传感器温度补偿模型.通过对全局最优粒子执行梯度下降寻优,将粒子群优化算法与梯度下降算法结合得到一种寻优能力更强的混合算法,并将该方法用于RBF温度补偿模型参数优化,提高了间隙传感器的补偿精度,最后,使用现场可编程门阵列FPGA（field-programmable gate array）实现了该补偿模型并进行了实验.实验结果表明:该方法能够较好地对间隙传感器进行温度补偿,补偿后的传感器输出不受环境温度影响,全量程范围内最大误差为0.45 mm,8~12 mm工作间隙范围内误差为0.16 mm.      

基于水域精细划分的VTS雷达站选址配置优化

为了提高水上安全监管效率和保障水上运输安全生产, 以船舶交通管理系统(VTS)雷达站为研究对象, 研究了基于水域精细划分的VTS雷达站选址优化问题; 考虑实际环境中遮挡因素和水域风险因素对雷达监测效果的影响, 基于软件ArcGIS 10.4.1提出了水域精细划分方法; 以雷达站建站位置和雷达配置类型为决策变量, 以水域覆盖率最大和总成本最小为目标函数, 构建了混合整数规划模型; 基于模型特点设计了多目标粒子群算法, 给出了生成初始粒子群的启发式规则, 并在算法中引入有效的变异操作; 为了验证方法的有效性, 以ZDT系列测试函数对算法搜寻最优解的性能以及算法的收敛性进行了研究。研究结果表明: 水域精细划分方法能够在考虑遮挡因素和风险因素的情况下实现对水域的空间划分, 实例中在存在62个雷达站候选点的情况下将雷达站所需监测水域划分为2 812个水域单元; 改进的粒子群算法在ZDT测试函数中能够有效地寻找全局最优解, 并且在最优解的分布上具有良好的收敛性和分布性; 针对实例中的VTS雷达站选址项目模型达到了95.92%的覆盖率, 成本为33 800元。可见, 考虑环境遮挡和水域风险因素的VTS雷达站选址模型是有效的, 改进的多目标粒子群算法可以提高VTS雷达站选址的科学性和合理性, 是解决VTS雷达站选址优化问题的一种有效方法。      

多人共站第一类混流装配线平衡问题的优化

针对使用传统模型和算法求解第一类多人共站混流装配线的平衡问题，兼顾工作站数、工人数和工作站负荷均衡，引入了新变量和不对称约束来构建新的数学模型. 提出了一种改进的鸡群算法，使用基于优先权值的编码方式在解码过程中优先选择能最早开始作业的工人来减少序列相关空闲时间，设定工位分配接受准则来分配工人数量以减少工位平均空闲时间；根据适应值大小将种群分为3个不同的群体来实现系统的有效搜索，其中，公鸡群个体基于其适应值差异在不同大小的邻域范围内搜索，母鸡群个体基于适应值相关的参数分别向所归属的公鸡或者其他公鸡/母鸡方向搜索，小鸡群个体则向其归属的母鸡方向搜索；最后将新模型和改进的鸡群算法用于求解标杆算例. 研究结果表明:在算例验证中，对比传统的模型，新模型多找出8个算例的最优解，且寻优速度更快；在算法平均收敛运算时间相似的情况下，本文所提算法求得的平均工人数、工位数以及平滑指标系数等评价指标分别提高了10.74%、16.05%和44.89%，验证了所提模型和算法的有效性和优越性.      

物体表面重建轮廓拼接的改进遗传算法

为解决物体表面重建中的轮廓拼接问题，将其转化为在有向图中寻求最优路径问题．提出了基于遗传算法的适用各种目标函数的轮廓拼接算法，其中对初始种群的产生、交叉算子和变异算子等做了改进，以确保产生的个体均能代表有效解．算例模拟结果表明，该算法简单可行，在优化性能、收敛速度及鲁棒性等方面优于模拟退火算法．     

Accelerating BP-Based Iterative Low-Density Parity-Check Decoding by Modified Vertical and Horizontal Processes

Two modified BP algorithms related to vertical and horizontal processes are proposed to accelerate iterative low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, where the newly updated extrinsic information is immediately used in the current decoding round. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that both the modified approaches provide significant performance improvements over the traditional BP algorithm with almost no additional decoding complexity. The proposed algorithm with modified horizontal process offers even better performance than another algorithm with the modified horizontal process. The two modified BP algorithms are very promising in practical communications since both can achieve an excellent trade-off between the performance and decoding complexity.