吉布提LNG厂址波浪极值推算

在吉布提LNG厂址的设计过程中,由于当地可用水文资料缺乏,现场观测活动起步晚、持续时间短(仅1 a),无法满足多年重现期设计波浪要素推算的需求,给后续工作带来了较大的困难。以CCMP风场数据作为驱动,基于波作用量平衡方程建立印度洋大范围波浪数学模型、嵌套的亚丁湾中等范围模型及工程区小范围模型,在现场实测资料的基础上,结合同期的Jason卫星轨道资料对模型进行验证对比,模型验证结果良好。在此基础上,计算了1988—2017年的逐时波浪要素过程,并据此构建出年极值波浪序列,利用P-III型分布函数推算工程区深水处的各重现期波浪极值,结合不同水文条件计算得出工程区的设计波浪要素。     

海洋工程设计波浪推算方法比较研究

由于极端气候的明显加剧,如何合理外延推算多年一遇设计波高对海洋工程更加重要。目前波浪资料年限普遍偏短,而使用较多的P-Ⅲ型曲线法浪费资料严重。P-G(Poisson-Gumbel)复合极值法能提高资料利用率,解决资料短缺的矛盾。文章分析了某海域55年台风浪资料,对P-G复合极值法的阀值敏感性进行分析,可知P-G复合极值曲线和P-Ⅲ型曲线大致相近,P-G复合极值法的阀值敏感性较低,在较短年限时P-G复合极值法更稳定。     

美国卫星系统面临的问题及其对策

美国是目前拥有在轨卫星最多的国家，在充分利用卫星价值的同时，美国十分重视对卫星系统的防护。分析了美国卫星系统面临的三个问题，即：空间武器的威胁、空间武器以外的威胁和GPS星座的损失，并结合相关资料总结了美国的对策。     

波浪极值统计研究

本文提出一组在四种不同情况下之波浪长期极值计算公式。由于公式中既包含了设计要求之重现期,又体现了可能遭受破坏的危险率,故可用于海洋动力现象的设计极值推算。     

现代卫星技术在航运业的应用

现代卫星技术已广泛应用在船舶卫星定位、海上遇险通信、船岸和船舶间通信、船舶监控和业务管理、船员休闲通信等方面,而且卫星技术发展对航海教育产生了较大的影响,如何适应卫星技术的发展是航运界应该研究的问题。     

重现期法进行近岸海区风生海流计算的应用

通过确定不同重现期的风速极值,阐述建立风生海流推算关系及风生海流的特点,给出渤海湾海区风因子的合理取值范围．并描述海流极值的计算方法和计算过程,以解决近岸海区海流极值的计算问题。结合唐山LNG终端站码头区工程海流现场调查及当地历年连续风速数据,确定不同重现期风速极值及风生海流极值,并给出海流极值的结果。该工程采用重现期法进行风生海流计算及海流分析,对于海洋功能开发、灾害预防、港口建设及各种建筑设计具有重要作用。     

开通海事卫星手机业务盲区通信不再是梦想

随着一震锣鼓声,中国交通通信中心7月19日在北京正式开通了海事卫星手机业务。海事卫星手机业务的开通,意味着无论在浩瀚的海洋还是人迹罕见的沙漠,便捷的通信将不再是梦想。交通部海事局副局长王金付,交通部新闻办副主任高强华,中国交通通信中心主任杨洪义,国际移动卫星公司总裁兼首席运营官迈克·巴特勒先生,陈肯先生等和人民日报、新华社、光明日报等20多家新闻媒体记者出席了海事卫星手机开通仪式新闻发布会。     

我国将有35颗导航卫星“飞天织网”

从2000年我国北斗一号启动,到目前北斗卫星导航系统已有8颗卫星在轨组网,实现区域性卫星导航,2012年有望覆盖整个亚太地区。预计2020年将有35颗导航卫星飞天织网,像美国的GPS系统一样覆盖全球。目前,导航卫星有GPS的32颗、格罗纳斯的22颗和2颗伽利略实验卫星,再加8颗北斗卫星,增加了卫星导航系统的覆盖     

中国空间技术研究院档案编研工作特色初探

中国空间技术研究院（以下简称空间院）是我国航天器及其应用技术开发研制的核心单位,从1968年建院以来,我国空间事业由小到大,由弱变强,经过40多年的建设和发展,空间院研制的航天器已形成了科学探测与技术试验卫星系列、返回式遥感卫星系列、通信广播卫星系列、气象卫星系列、地球资源卫星系列、导航定位卫星系列、深空探测器系列和神舟飞船系列。     

分布式卫星系统自主运行技术研究进展

随着微小卫星技术的不断发展,分布式卫星系统的概念应运而生。然而,由于分布式卫星系统本身的复杂性及其工作环境的动态不确定性,使得系统的测控与运行管理模式由传统的地面测控运营方式向智能化自主运行方式发展。从分布式卫星系统及其自主运行技术的研究进展上,重点讨论了分布式卫星系统自主运行的思想,综述国内外一些研究组织、学者的相关研究成果。最后探讨基于Multi-Agent分布式卫星系统自主运行未来所面临的技术挑战。     

舰载GPS航姿测量中卫星位置的计算与最优星座的选取

该文给出了在GPS航姿测量算法研究中的卫星位置计算的整个过程,数据处理采用RINEX标准输入格式,所得结果形象直观,便于分析。在此基础上提出了一种选择最优星座的方法。作为试验算例,最后给出了以广播星历参数为基础的GPS航姿测量中最优星座的选取结果。     

Comparative analysis between operational weather prediction models and QuikSCAT wind data near the Galician coast

Wind measurements from SeaWinds scatterometer on the NASA QuikSCAT satellite and wind forecasts from two different operational numerical models provided by MeteoGalicia were compared for a 4-year period (2002–2005) in Galician coast environment. Available wind data buoy measurements were also used to complement the analysis. A statistical analysis based on mean errors, root mean square errors and complex correlation was performed from spatial, temporal and directional points of view.In the spatial comparison no significant differences between models and satellite were observed and the error magnitudes of the models are compatible with typical QuikSCAT errors. The suitability of satellite wind estimations for data assimilation in these models must be further investigated. Negative bias of models with respect to the satellite was also confirmed with buoy data, in such a way that models overestimation is smaller than the satellite one. Big errors in wind direction appear in southeasterly and southwesterly winds for both satellite and models, contributing to high RMSE values when compared to buoy data. These errors were mainly attributed to the effect of insufficient spatial resolution near shore.     

NOAA卫星监测船舶溢油

ＮＯＡＡ气象卫星主要任务是探测全球大气，通过波段筛选和各种处理，也可以监测海洋原油、重柴油污染，这必将成为我国一种新的海洋环境监测手段。     

Forecasting front displacements with a satellite based ocean forecasting (SOFT) system

Relatively long term time series of satellite data are nowadays available. These spatio–temporal time series of satellite observations can be employed to build empirical models, called satellite based ocean forecasting (SOFT) systems, to forecast certain aspects of future ocean states. The forecast skill of SOFT systems predicting the sea surface temperature (SST) at sub-basin spatial scale (from hundreds to thousand kilometres), has been extensively explored in previous works. Thus, these works were mostly focussed on predicting large scale patterns spatially stationary. At spatial scales smaller than sub-basin (from tens to hundred kilometres), spatio–temporal variability is more complex and propagating structures are frequently present. In this case, traditional SOFT systems based on Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) decompositions could not be optimal prediction systems. Instead, SOFT systems based on Complex Empirical Orthogonal Functions (CEOFs) are, a priori, better candidates to resolve these cases.In this work we study and compare the performance of an EOF and CEOF based SOFT systems forecasting the SST at weekly time scales of a propagating mesoscale structure. The SOFT system was implemented in an area of the Northern Balearic Sea (Western Mediterranean Sea) where a moving frontal structure is recurrently observed. Predictions from both SOFT systems are compared with observations and with the predictions obtained from persistence models. Results indicate that the implemented SOFT systems are superior in terms of predictability to persistence. No substantial differences have been found between the EOF and CEOF-SOFT systems.     

Quantitative estimation of the influence of surface thermal fronts over chlorophyll concentration at the Patagonian shelf

Eighteen-year (1985–2002) mean monthly SST Pathfinder data with 9 km spatial resolution have been used to estimate surface gradients by finite differences. Then the seasonal climatological means have been calculated from the intensity of these gradients, and surface thermal fronts present in the Patagonian Continental Shelf (PCS) have been located. Moreover, 6 years (1998–2003) of SeaWiFS data with approximately 4 km spatial resolution have been used to estimate monthly composite images of surface chlorophyll concentration, after which seasonal climatological means distributions have been generated. Both seasonal distributions have been analyzed together and by combining the knowledge of oceanographic processes and phytoplankton responses to light and nutrient availability, regions where the presence of a thermal front affects photosynthetic activity have been identified. Subjective criteria have been applied to define eighteen areas where phytoplankton biomass is influenced by the presence of a thermal front. In these areas, the surface chlorophyll (spatial mean and total), its relationship with the surface chlorophyll of the whole region, and the seasonal evolution of this relationship have been calculated. All frontal areas cover less than 15% of the total surface, but they contribute with over 23% of the phytoplankton annual mean biomass. Considered as a group, during summer they show high chlorophyll values very similar to those in spring. During the cold period, when the water column is vertically mixed in practically the whole of PCS, the influence of physical fronts over the biological production is minimum. The frontal zone image remains clearly defined during summer, when approximately 85% of the area will have a determined mean chlorophyll concentration, while the other 15% has a 2.45 times larger value. While three pattern trends have been identified in the frontal areas, only two of them condition the pattern of the group, due to their horizontal extension.     

卫星罗经的原理及其应用

罗经是为船舶提供航向的航海仪器,在比较了陀螺罗经和磁罗经不同特点的基础上,介绍了一种新的指向仪器—基于GPS接收机的卫星罗经的系统组成、工作原理及其应用。     

罗兰C和卫星导航的组合应用

论述了目前罗兰C和卫星导航组合应用的几种方式,对罗兰C和卫星导航伪距组合定位以及罗兰C和卫星导航定位数据融合的原理和方法进行了论证,通过罗兰C和卫星导航的组合应用,可以克服单一导航系统的弱点,提高组合导航的性能,拓展了罗兰C的应用领域,延长了罗兰C的使用周期。     

水上溢油应急装备跟踪定位浮标关键技术研究

文中介绍了近年来国内外溢油事故危害及应急技术现状,针对当前海上溢油难以跟踪定位的难题,提出了溢油跟踪定位浮标技术解决方案,采用北斗卫星定位通信为平台,实现海上溢油的全过程、全天候的实时跟踪、监测功能,通过海上试验验证,溢油跟踪定位浮标为海上溢油事故应急快速反应提供了一种有力工具．     

GPS多普勒定位法的研究

本文提出了ＧＰＳ信号多普勒频移的测量方法，给出了定位解算的数学方法，并与子午仪系统的多普勒定位法和ＧＰＳ的伪距定位法进行了比较。     

卫星定位通信系统中互调干扰的抑制

本文提出了大卫星定位通信系统中采用四相扩频（Ｑ－ＳＳ）技术,并沿用瑞士人给出的卫星转发器功率放大器的数学模型,推导了Ｑ－ＳＳ信号通过卫星转发器后输出的表示式;通过进一步分析发现了采用Ｑ－ＳＳ技术可以在信号解扩后完全消除三阶和五阶的互调干扰。