异构智能网联汽车编队延迟补偿控制研究

智能网联汽车多车编队行驶可有效缩短跟车间距和提升交通系统通行效率，但多车编队控制须解决异构编队控制器的普适性问题，且能够在执行器响应延迟和通讯延迟情况下保证车辆编队的弦稳定性。本文提出一种面向异构智能网联汽车编队的延迟补偿控制方法，在无须获取他车系统动力学参数及控制输入前提下，利用他车加速度信息即可实现车辆编队纵向跟踪控制；此外，提出一种基于Smith预测器的延迟补偿控制架构，分别消除和降低了执行器响应延迟和通讯延迟对车辆编队弦稳定性的影响。典型工况仿真结果表明，相较常见车辆编队控制方法，本文提出的异构车辆编队延迟补偿控制器的跟车误差降低了80.7%，有效减小了最小车头时距和跟车间距。     

智能网联车辆队列紧急工况控制策略设计

目前针对紧急工况的智能网联车辆队列控制研究较为欠缺，为了解决高速公路车辆队列在紧急工况下安全、稳定控制问题，本文针对队列紧急制动、他车插入队列这两种紧急工况开展控制策略研究。首先，建立控制系统分层架构，由策略层和控制层组成。其中，控制层根据策略层的输出结果激活对应的车辆纵横向控制器；针对策略层，分别设计两种紧急工况的控制策略以及不同工况间的控制切换策略。最后，基于PreScan/Simulink搭建高速公路车辆队列控制联合仿真平台，设计包含多个紧急工况的复杂验证场景，完成五车队列在该场景下的仿真验证，并探讨了通信时延对控制性能的影响。仿真结果表明：该队列控制系统能保证队列在两种紧急工况下安全、稳定行驶，并可实现不同工况的切换控制。     

不可靠通信的云控场景下网联车辆控制器的设计

鉴于不可靠的网络通信给车辆网联控制带来的隐患,本文研究了考虑时延、丢包等因素的网联车辆控制器设计方法。首先基于马尔可夫跳变线性系统,建立包含随机丢包和时延事件的网络控制系统模型,提出了马尔可夫跳变线性系统稳定的线性矩阵不等式条件,给出了随机丢包的量化控制器设计方法。在此基础上,通过对系统方程矩阵的增广,提出了离散时延的跳变控制器设计方法。最后,分别对网联车辆横向与纵向控制两个典型云控场景进行仿真。结果表明,用本文提出的方法,在时延或丢包概率分布已知的条件下所设计的网联车辆控制系统量化控制器,能保证在不可靠通信情况下系统的稳定性和安全性。     

考虑网络通信时延的智能网联汽车横向鲁棒控制研究

智能网联汽车横向控制系统主要由车体姿态传感器、期望路径生成模块及横向控制器等组成,通过通信网络实现传感器、控制器与执行器之间的信息传递.智能网联汽车通信时延会降低网络数据的传输效率,严重影响车辆横向控制系统的性能.建立了两自由度汽车操纵动力学模型,考虑车载网络的通信时延,将动力学模型转换成离散化含时延状态空间方程.根据...     

智能网联汽车节能优化关键问题与研究进展

汽车保有量的增加和能耗排放法规日益严格的限制给车辆节能减排提出了巨大挑战，网联化、智能化和电气化是提高未来交通效率和减少公路能源消耗的三大支柱。为了全面了解智能网联汽车节能减排的前沿问题与研究进展，对当前经济驾驶领域的重点问题进行了总体概述。首先，从广义的能量转换角度总结了智能车辆节能优化技术的本质和3个过程，其中Wheels to Distance环节的车辆系统优化是挖掘汽车节能潜力的重要一环，针对其介绍了智能网联汽车节能优化问题的基本数学原理；其次，从智能运输系统的各类非同源异构数据出发，分别从人-车交互、车-车通信、车-路感知三方面阐述来源于"人-车-路"交互体系的智能信息与数据；然后，针对单车智能网联环境下的多维度信息与先进控制技术相结合的关键问题，从考虑道路坡度预测巡航控制、跟车工况预测巡航控制、智能辅助驾驶和车道变换等应用场景进行具体介绍；针对"人-车-路-云"多源异构环境下车辆行为协同节能关键科学问题，从经济驾驶、多车协同节能、道路交叉口车路协同节能和车云协同节能等方面详细介绍研究现状；并进一步介绍电气化公路系统的前瞻性研究，说明融合智能化信息的E-highway节能潜力和智能重型商用车协同节能的未来发展趋势。最后，总结并梳理智能化信息对于提升车辆节能的重要影响，并展望了其在理论与实际层面遇到的挑战。     

城市郊区道路跟车条件下智能网联汽车速度规划

随着智能网联汽车技术的快速发展，跟车行驶控制能够有效实现车辆智能跟随及快速高效队列行驶。针对城市郊区道路条件下的智能网联汽车速度规划问题，以提高车辆的燃油经济性、舒适性及安全性为目的，基于跟车速度限幅和车辆动力系统信息，设计了基于初值优化的序列二次规划算法(Sequential Quadratic Programming, SQP),实时求解获取车辆跟车过程中的最优速度轨迹。首先，在车联网环境下，基于车车(Vehicle to Vehicle, V2V)通信及车辆与交通设施(Vehicle to Infrastructure, V2I)通信技术实时获取前方车辆的速度、加速度及位置等行驶信息并实时采集道路交通信息；然后，为减少车辆动态能耗损失和减小所需牵引力，并在规定的时间段内完成相应的行驶路程，利用采集到的前车行驶信息，采用基于初值优化的SQP算法对最优目标车速进行求解；此外，基于周边动态的道路交通场景，考虑边界约束条件，采用滚动时域的方法实现目标车辆速度在每个采样时刻的在线滚动优化，保证目标车辆节能安全地跟车行驶；最后，通过仿真验证了该算法的有效性和实时性。研究结果表明：基于初值优化...     

基于混合域优化控制的智能网联车辆运动规划模型

智能网联车辆具备提高交通安全与效率、降低能耗的巨大潜力.作为智能网联车辆决策控制的重要环节,运动规划对于智能网联车辆的循迹精度、控制效果具有显著影响.为了提高智能网联车辆控制精度,提出了一种智能网联车辆运动规划模型.该模型以追踪参考路径为目标,基于时空混合域的优化控制方法,避免了轨迹追踪过程中横向控制掺杂纵向误差的影响...     

智能网联车辆生态驾驶研究现状及展望

作为近年来智能网联汽车领域的研究焦点，生态驾驶旨在提高驾驶安全的基础上，通过改善驾驶行为，有效缓解能源消耗和污染排放等问题，引起了各国政府、企业、高校和研究机构等的高度重视。同时，随着智能网联车辆技术的迅速发展，网联环境为生态驾驶提供了新的发展契机。为了分析智能网联车辆生态驾驶的研究进展，通过与传统生态驾驶进行对比，从车辆自身特性、驾驶人个性、道路交通状况与社会条件4个方面分析了智能网联环境下的生态驾驶的影响因素；从生态驾驶控制策略和生态驾驶应用现状2个方面对现有智能网联生态驾驶研究进行了归纳与分析；并从影响因素、控制策略和决策优化3个方面讨论了生态驾驶的意义、应用与目前所存在的问题，致力于为未来的相关研究提供有益的指导与借鉴。分析结果表明:智能网联环境下的生态驾驶和传统生态驾驶的影响因素较为相似，不过网联传感器和通信条件对智能网联环境生态驾驶有着较为显著的影响；相较于传统生态驾驶，智能网联环境下生态驾驶的控制策略与决策优化多考虑复杂驾驶工况、多车级别的全局生态驾驶；且由于各种新型技术的快速发展，结合先进的技术、适应行业发展需要也将成为未来智能网联生态驾驶发展的必然趋势。      

考虑通信时延的智能网联汽车协同定位方法

为了满足网联环境下自动驾驶车辆安全行驶的需求，必须实现车辆全时空高精度定位。针对单车定位(Single Vehicle Localization, SVL)方法的不足，提出了一种基于双层滤波结构的智能网联汽车协同定位框架。首先，基于卡尔曼滤波对各车辆状态进行修正；然后设计基于联邦卡尔曼滤波的协同定位估计方法，通过构建一个主滤波器和多个局部滤波器，将本车状态与修正后的邻车状态进行融合；使用多种数据拟合方法，基于真实数据构建传输时延概率模型，基于高斯分布构建处理时延概率模型；此外，提出一种通信时延误差补偿方法，并融入协同定位框架；最后，设计了5组仿真试验，评估SVL、未进行通信时延误差补偿的协同定位方法(CLWC)和基于通信时延误差补偿的协同定位方法(CLC)的定位性能，并深入分析了速度和行驶方向对定位结果的影响。研究结果表明：在城市道路环境下，CLWC相较于SVL,精度提高了15%～23%;在空旷道路环境下，通信时延较小情况时，CLWC优于SVL,CLC在CLWC基础上将精度进一步提高了5%～13%。在长直道、弯道、隧道等场景，CLC能够保证定位轨迹平滑，精度明显高于SVL,同时进一步验...     

基于场景元素的智能网联汽车场景构建研究

在智能网联汽车测试评价中,场景库搭建与道路测试一直都是其难点。文中对智能网联汽车功能的典型测试场景搭建及测试方法进行分析与研究,首先分析智能网联汽车驾驶场景的来源,从典型驾驶场景中归纳出基本场景元素库,以场景元素库为基础实现测试场景库搭建;然后在PreScan中进行场景虚拟重构,进行自动驾驶功能模拟仿真;最后基于真实道路场景搭建对车辆自动驾驶功能进行实车测试。     

A real-time multi-vehicle simulator for longitudinal controller design

This paper presents a new multi-vehicle simulator for platoon simulation. The main new feature of the developed simulator is a network structure for the real-time simulation of multiple vehicles, each with a detailed powertrain and engine model. It has a small initial delay, which is determined by the number of connected PCs, but the actual simulation is performed and displayed in real-time after this initial and one-time delay. Several longitudinal controllers, including a PID controller with gain scheduling, an adaptive controller, and a fuzzy controller, are also implemented in the simulator. Various system parameters can be modified interactively in the simulator screen, which is very useful for simulating a platoon of heterogeneous vehicles, in which vehicles with different dynamics and different longitudinal controllers may be involved. The simulator provides an excellent tool to develop vehicle longitudinal controllers and to study platoon behaviors. The developed simulator is also effective in testing the effects of nonlinearities neglected in the controller design phase, such as actuator delays and gear shifting schedule.     

A real-time multi-vehicle simulator for longitudinal controller design

This paper presents a new multi-vehicle simulator for platoon simulation. The main new feature of the developed simulator is a network structure for the real-time simulation of multiple vehicles, each with a detailed powertrain and engine model. It has a small initial delay, which is determined by the number of connected PCs, but the actual simulation is performed and displayed in real-time after this initial and one-time delay. Several longitudinal controllers, including a PID controller with gain scheduling, an adaptive controller, and a fuzzy controller, are also implemented in the simulator. Various system parameters can be modified interactively in the simulator screen, which is very useful for simulating a platoon of heterogeneous vehicles, in which vehicles with different dynamics and different longitudinal controllers may be involved. The simulator provides an excellent tool to develop vehicle longitudinal controllers and to study platoon behaviors. The developed simulator is also effective in testing the effects of nonlinearities neglected in the controller design phase, such as actuator delays and gear shifting schedule.     

Hierarchical distributed coordination strategy of connected and automated vehicles at multiple intersections

In this paper, we present a hierarchical distributed coordination strategy for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) that are travelling through multiple unsignalized intersections. The control strategy focuses on the improvement of vehicle fuel efficiency and system mobility. In presence of wireless communication among the involved CAVs and the intersection controllers, our coordination strategy focuses on leading the CAVs travel through a road network without conventional traffic light control and ensuring collision avoidance at the intersection areas. We propose a three-layered coordination strategy in this paper. First, we evaluate the road desired average velocity considering both upstream and downstream traffic to speed up the traffic density balance. Second, the intersection controllers optimally assign reference velocity to each vehicle based on the minimization of velocity deviation from its current velocity and collision avoidance at the intersections. Finally, fast model predictive control (F-MPC) is applied for each vehicle to track their reference velocity in a computationally efficient manner. Two simulation scenarios with different difficulty levels have been implemented on a two-interconnected intersection network. Simulation results indicate the feasibility and scalability of the proposed method, as well as vehicle fuel efficiency and system mobility improvement.     

四轮转向汽车操纵动力学虚拟仿真分析

从机械动力学仿真的角度，研究4WS汽车的瞬态和稳态操纵动力学特性。运用虚拟样机技术，给出4WS车辆在适当前轮转角及不同的大小、比值、方向以及转向时间差等后轮转角的条件下，车辆的瞬态和稳态动力学性能的表现。     

Development of an electric active rollcontrol (ARC) algorithm for a SUV

Cornering maneuvers with reduced body roll and without loss in comfort are leading requirements for car manufacturers. An electric active roll control (ARC) system controls body roll angle with motor-driven actuators installed in the centers of the front and rear stabilizer bars. A vehicle analysis model developed using a CarSim S/W was validated using vehicle test data. Two ARC algorithms for a sports utility vehicle (SUV) were designed using a sliding-mode control algorithm based on a nonlinear roll model and an estimated lateral acceleration based on a linearized roll model. Co-simulation with the Matlab simulink controller model and the CarSim vehicle model were conducted to evaluate the performance of two ARC control algorithms. To validate the ARC performance in a real vehicle, vehicle tests were conducted at KATECH proving ground using a small SUV equipped with two ARC actuators, upper and lower controllers and a few subsystems. From the simulation and vehicle validation test results, the proposed ARC control algorithm for the developed ARC actuator prototypes improves the vehicle’s dynamic performance.     

HEV控制器硬件在环仿真平台的研究与开发

针对控制器传统开发方法中存在的局限性以及混合动力汽车动力传动系统控制的复杂性,应用控制系统现代开发技术,为某型混合动力客车多能源动力总成控制器开发了硬件在环仿真测试平台,该平台包括实时硬件和系统模型、信号调理电路等,并利用它对控制器进行了仿真测试。仿真测试结果与试验结果说明,所开发平台模型的精度基本能够满足仿真测试要求。控制器的环境试验和在EMC试验中的成功应用以及控制器在车上的正常运行,验证了在混合动力汽车多能源动力总成控制器的开发过程中采用自行开发硬件在环仿真测试平台这一技术方案的可行性。     

Connected variable speed limits control and car-following control with vehicle-infrastructure communication to resolve stop-and-go waves

The vision of intelligent vehicles traveling in road networks has prompted numerous concepts to control future traffic flow, one of which is the in-vehicle actuation of traffic control commands. The key of this concept is using intelligent vehicles as actuators for traffic control systems. Under this concept, we design and test a control system that connects a traffic controller with in-vehicle controllers via vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. The link-level traffic controller regulates traffic speeds through variable speed limits (VSL) gantries to resolve stop-and-go waves, while intelligent vehicles control accelerations through vehicle propulsion and brake systems to optimize their local situations. It is assumed that each intelligent vehicle receives VSL commands from the traffic controller and uses them as variable parameters for the local vehicle controller. Feasibility and effectiveness of the connected control paradigm are tested with simulation on a two-lane freeway stretch with intelligent vehicles randomly distributed among human-driven vehicles. Simulation shows that the connected VSL and vehicle control system improves traffic efficiency and sustainability; that is, total time spent in the network and average fuel consumption rate are reduced compared to (uncontrolled and controlled) scenarios with 100% human drivers and to uncontrolled scenarios with the same intelligent vehicle penetration rates.     

智能网联汽车测试场景三维评价模型研究

测试驱动型开发是智能网联汽车技术发展的重要路径,而测试场景作为测试驱动型开发过程的核心要素,需要建立科学合理的建模和分类方法。首先,从应用层面定义了智能网联汽车测试场景的三个评价指标;其次,提出了测试场景评价的三维建模与评价方法;最后,结合具体应用案例分析了测试场景三维评价模型的应用场景。提出的测试场景三维评价模型对智能网联汽车的测试与评价具有重要指导作用。     

Rollover mitigation for a heavy commercial vehicle

A heavy commercial vehicle has a high probability of rollover because it is usually loaded heavily and thus has a high center of gravity. An anti-roll bar is efficient for rollover mitigation, but it can cause poor ride comfort when the roll stiffness is excessively high. Therefore, active roll control (ARC) systems have been developed to optimally control the roll state of a vehicle while maintaining ride comfort. Previously developed ARC systems have some disadvantages, such as cost, complexity, power consumption, and weight. In this study, an ARC-based rear air suspension for a heavy commercial vehicle, which does not require additional power for control, was designed and manufactured. The rollover index-based vehicle rollover mitigation control scheme was used for the ARC system. Multi-body dynamic models of the suspension subsystem and the full vehicle were used to design the rear air suspension and the ARC system. The reference rollover index was tuned through lab tests. Field tests, such as steady state cornering tests and step steer tests, demonstrated that the roll response characteristics in the steady state and transient state were improved.     

Active Roll Control of Articulated Vehicles

This paper describes an investigation into active roll control of articulated vehicles. The objective is to minimise lateral load transfer using anti-roll bars incorporating low bandwidth hydraulic actuators. Results from handling tests performed on an articulated vehicle are used to validate a nonlinear yaw/roll model of the vehicle. The methodology used to design lateral acceleration controllers for vehicles equipped with active anti-roll bars is developed using a simplified linear articulated vehicle model. The hardware limitations and power consumption requirements of the active elements are studied. The controller is then implemented in the validated articulated vehicle model to evaluate the performance of an articulated lorry with active anti-roll bars. The simulation results demonstrate the possibility of a significant improvement in transient roll performance of the vehicle, using a relatively low power system (10 kW), with low bandwidth actuators (5 Hz).