基于遗传算法的船舶螺旋桨优化设计

船舶螺旋桨的设计主要分为理论法与图谱法,目前,图谱法设计已有成熟的计算程序与之匹配,采用遗传算法搜索进行船舶螺旋桨优化设计是一条新的思路。采用Wageningen B图谱的回归多项式,利用遗传算法的高效、并行、基于适应度函数的搜索法,进行螺旋桨优化设计,将螺旋桨直径、螺距比和盘面比作为设计变量,空泡性能作为约束条件,在保证目标转速的前提下优化船舶航速。经优化设计实例计算表明,遗传算法适用于船舶螺旋桨的优化设计。     

考虑水弹性影响的螺旋桨设计方法研究

船用螺旋桨工作在低速重负荷工况、或采用大侧斜几何型式或采用复合材料时,其流固耦合现象较为突出,螺旋桨设计中若无法准确考虑其间的水弹性影响,将会造成船机桨失配及实船推进性能的错误预报。文章基于螺旋桨环流理论设计方法、螺旋桨流固耦合算法以及逐步逼近法,形成了一套可考虑水弹性影响的螺旋桨设计方法,重点讨论了流固耦合中水动力载荷更新方式、逐步逼近法中预变形松弛因子的选择对设计结果的影响。通过大侧斜螺旋桨及复合材料螺旋桨设计实例,进一步阐述了在螺旋桨设计中考虑水弹性的必要性,也验证了所开发设计平台的有效性。该设计平台为后续复合材料螺旋桨的优化设计提供了基础。     

导管螺旋桨定常性能预估的基于速度势的面元法

开发了一个导管螺旋桨定常水动力性能预报的数值计算方法,其中,螺旋桨和导管均采用定常面元法,通过迭代计算考虑桨和导管的相互影响.该方法也可用于导管调距桨在不同转角时的定常性能预估.对JD7704和19a导管螺旋桨以及JD导管调距桨的计算结果表明,该方法计算精度是令人满意的.     

螺旋桨叶剖面优化设计比较研究

比较研究了船舶螺旋桨最高空泡起始航速的叶剖面优化设计方法。优化设计方法由剖面参数表达、空泡斗预报和最佳空泡起始性能遗传算法翼型优化三部分组成。Eppler方法采用10个参数表达任一翼型,已被有效应用到最高起始航速的螺旋桨叶剖面优化设计中。除了Eppler方法中的设计参数,剖面参数表达也可采用B样条曲线的控制点参数实现。对上述两种剖面参数表达方法进行了叶剖面优化设计比较研究,得到了一些结论。     

船用螺旋桨理论研究的发展与方向

结合近代船用螺旋桨理论研究经历的三个发展阶段,系统地分析各个阶段螺旋桨理论研究的方法,分别介绍动量理论、叶元体理论、升力线理论、升力面理论、边界元法、粘性流体动力学法等。探讨螺旋桨理论与流体力学之间的关系,重点介绍粘性流体动力学法中计算流体动力学在螺旋桨理论研究中的应用,探讨船用螺旋桨理论今后的研究方向。分析结果表明：船用螺旋桨理论研究的方法和手段都与流体力学学科的发展关系紧密,计算流体动力学和流体力学试验手段的进步将促进螺旋桨理论研究的发展。     

运用周期性边界条件预报螺旋桨的敞水性能(英文)

Mathematical models of propellers were created that investigate the influence of periodic boundary conditions on predictions of a propeller’s performance. Thrust and torque coefficients corresponding to different advance coefficients of DTMB 4119, 4382, and 4384 propellers were calculated. The pressure coefficient distribution of the DTMB 4119 propeller at different sections was also physically tested. Comparisons indicated good agreement between the results of experiments and the simulation. It showed that the periodic boundary condition can be used to rationally predict the open water performance of a propeller. By analyzing the three established modes for the computation, it was shown that using the spline curve method to divide the grids can meet the calculation’s demands for precision better than using the rake cutting method.     

Fatigue predictions for flexible marine propellers using FSI analysis considering Euler force in the rotating frame

Analysis of flexible marine propellers in terms of their structural response and stress is the key to accurate fatigue prediction. At present, finite element method (FEM) analyses of flexible propellers have been performed as a part of the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis using a numerical method for the flexible structures, which is identical to that used for their rigid counterparts. In this study, the Euler force in a rotating frame is employed as an additional external force on the blades of the marine propeller during the FSI analysis. The Euler force is an inertial force component in the rotating frame due to angular acceleration. Acceleration of the rotating frame arises from large deformations of the propeller due to its flexible characteristics. The angular acceleration of the propeller is obtained for each time step, and the resulting Euler force is accounted for as a body force. The FSI analysis results are compared to experimental results in terms of the structural response, stress, and fatigue. It is clear that the Euler force has a major effect on the fatigue characteristics of the propeller because it amplifies the main response components. In conclusion, incorporating the Euler force in FSI analyses of flexible marine propellers is necessary for adequate prediction of the propeller fatigue.     

Relation between the lifting surface theory and the lifting line theory in the design of an optimum screw propeller

A theory on an optimum screw propeller is described. The optimum means optimum efficiency of a propeller, that is, maximizing thrust horse power for a given shaft horse power. The theory is based on the propeller lifting surface theory. Circulation density (lift density) of the blade is determined by the lifting surface theory on a specified condition in general. However, it is shown that, in the case of optimum condition, the circulation density is not determined by the lifting surface theory, although the circulation distribution which is the chordwise integral of the circulation density is determined. The reason is that the governing equation of the optimization by the lifting surface theory is reduced to that by the lifting line theory. This theoretical deduction is the main part of this paper. The importance of the lifting line theory in the design of the optimum propeller is made clear. Numerical calculations support the conclusion from the deduction. This is shown in the case of freely running propellers and in the case of wake adapted propellers.     

Numerical Calculation of Marine Propeller Hydrodynamic Characteristics in Unsteady Flow by Boundary Element Method

In this paper, a low-order potential based on surface panel method is used for the analysis of marine propellers in unsteady flow.A linear propeller wake model is employed and its geometry is assumed to be independent of the time.The calculation in time domain is carried out from a moment when the rotation of the propeller becomes steady instead of from the moment when the rotation strats from stationary condition.At every time step a linear algebraic equation established on a key blade is solved numerically combined with the Kutta pressure conditon.The calculated results by developed code indicate good convergency and effrctiveness of present algotithm for conventional propellers and highly skewed propellers.     

Prediction of Hydrodynamic Performance of Marine Propellers by Surface Panel Method

The potential based low order surface panel method is used to predict the hydrodynamic performance of marine propellers. In present method the hyperboloidal quadrilateral panels are employed to avoid the gap between the panels. The influencecoefficients of panels are calculated by Morino's analytical formulations for increasing numerically calculating speed.The pres-sure Kutta condition is satisfied on the trailing edge of propeller blade by Newton-Raphson iterative procedure.Therefore the     

浅谈螺旋桨设计中的螺距修正

螺旋桨设计中,设计的螺旋桨的某些参数往往与所采用的图谱系列螺旋桨不同,必须对设计螺旋桨的螺距进行修正,才能使二者性能相同,文中对螺距修正方法进行了浅述。     

Improvement of Propeller Hydrodynamic Drag and Efficiency on USCG Cutters Operating in Trailshaft Mode

Large US Coast Guard cutters spend much of their underway time with only one of two propellers operating. The offline propeller is "trailed," often creating a significant amount of hydrodynamic drag. Operators from the fleet do not appear to have any specific guidance on how best to reduce this drag. Using the propeller analysis tools PSF-3 and PSF-10, propeller thrust coefficient values versus advance coefficient values were created for the propellers of the USCG 270' cutters. These values—and the associated drag—vary significantly in magnitude based on the trailed propeller pitch. Based upon sea trial measurements, expected magnitudes of this drag versus pitch setting were predicted. Minimum drag pitch settings were identified for an operational 270' cutter at 8 knots. RPM and pitch settings for maximum hydrodynamic efficiency for the online shaft are sometimes developed during ship acquisition. In the current work, a methodology for conducting such a study is discussed to demonstrate to ship operators the relative ease with which they could perform this analysis on board, if effective power and propeller thrust coefficient values are available. Consideration of prime mover specific fuel consumption rates together with propeller hydrodynamic efficiencies is discussed.     

螺旋桨自动化几何建模和网格划分技术

为了快速实现船用螺旋桨有限元建模,为极限强度分析和疲劳校核做准备,针对船用螺旋桨的结构特点,利用MSC.Patran前后处理器的二次开发技术,开发了1套螺旋桨自动化建模软件,定义了螺旋桨建模的型值表标准格式,实现了螺旋桨几何建模和网格划分的自动化.对某冰区加强螺旋桨进行了建模和计算,结果表明,系统建立的螺旋桨模型能保持良好的光顺效果和网格质量,满足计算要求.本文提出了基于MSC.Patran的螺旋桨自动建模方法,避免了传统手工建模中复杂和重复的工作,大幅提高了螺旋桨设计分析效率,具有重要的参考价值.     

基于CFD的导管调距桨尺度效应研究

常规螺旋桨在进行水动力实验时,需要满足临界雷诺数的要求,这样,实桨的尺度效应就可以忽略。但是,对于非常规螺旋桨,如导管螺旋桨,尺度效应能否忽略值得研究,因为机翼型导管和螺旋桨水动力性能各自随几何尺寸变化的规律不一致。基于CFD计算方法,对某导管调距桨的尺度效应进行数值研究。在获得可靠的数值模拟方法后,数值模拟了两个螺距比和两个进速下不同尺寸导管螺旋浆的流场。比尺包括1、1.7、3.4、4.25、8.5和17共6个几何尺寸。计算结果表明,导管螺旋桨敞水性能的尺度效应比预期的要明显。随着尺寸增大即雷诺数增大,导管的推力先略有增加后基本不变,螺旋桨的扭矩和推力略有下降,但效率有所增加;小螺距比工况下的尺度效应要比大螺距比的大。     

直翼推进器水动力性能数值模拟

在直翼推进器的工作原理分析的基础上，以某型直翼推进器的缩比试验模型为研究对象，利用基于计算流体力学的数值模拟方法进行了建模与仿真，并通过将数值仿真结果与试验数据相比较的方法验证了仿真方法的准确性。在此基础上，对直翼推进器的流场特性、敞水性能、桨叶及整桨载荷等水动力特性进行了分析，为直翼推进器水动力性能预报及桨叶及推进器设计提供了技术支撑。     

船舶螺旋桨螺距及拱度的优化设计研究

基于螺旋桨水动力性能的升力面理论预报程序,利用iSIGHT软件进行指定负荷分布形式下桨叶螺距及拱度的优化设计研究,并对设计结果进行粘流CFD计算验证。以某集装箱船螺旋桨为母型桨,保持其原有的径向负荷分布形式,指定不同的弦向负荷分布形式,采用上述方法进行螺距及拱度的优化设计(桨叶其它参数与母型桨相同)。CFD计算表明,通过指定适当的负荷弦向分布,可以在保证效率的同时使桨叶表面压力分布更加均匀,从而推迟桨叶空化。     

基于改进三弯矩法在某物探船可调桨推进轴系校中计算的应用

为使轴系校中计算模型更接近实船轴系运转工况,确保采用可调桨推进系统的船舶安全运行,在考虑螺旋桨水动力影响下,采用改进三弯矩法对轴系校中数值计算模型进行改进。并以某物探船为例,对其可调桨推进系统进行动态轴系校中计算。数值计算结果显示：考虑螺旋桨水动力等动态因素影响的动态轴系校中计算确保了采用调距桨推进轴系船舶在各种工况下的安全运转。     

A minimization theory in Hilbert space and its application to two-dimensional cavity flow with a numerical study

A minimization theory, which is based on the Hilbert space theory, is proposed and applied to two-dimensional cavity flow past a strut with the assumption of potential flow. That is, the minimization of the cavity drag of the strut on the cavity flow is studied with the help of the optimization theory proposed. To accelerate the optimization process, the Euler beam theory is introduced to generate a small variation in the strut. The introduction of the Euler beam theory makes the mathematical formulation for the present theory ill-conditioned. To overcome this condition, the Tikhonov regularization and the Morozov's discrepancy principle are used to regularize the present optimal theory. From the numerical study, it is shown that the proposed minimization theory is able to find an optimized shape for the given strut and corresponding optimized cavity drag. Received: June 22, 2000 / Accepted: January 30, 2001     

基于伴随方法的舰船推进器优化设计

[目的]为探索高效的螺旋桨优化设计方法,基于面元法开展伴随优化方法的研究。[方法]通过桨叶表面法向速度为零条件和等压库塔条件建立伴随方程,得到敏感导数求解式。以DTMB 4381螺旋桨为对象,分别运用伴随方法和传统的求解控制方程方法计算螺旋桨性能与参数之间的敏感导数;基于伴随方法对某螺旋桨进行敏感导数分析,再根据敏感导数分析结果进行几何参数优化,并将结果与ISIGHT优化平台中的粒子群算法（PSO）得到的结果进行对比。[结果]结果表明,采用伴随方法与传统的求解控制方程方法计算得到的结果具有较好的一致性,但伴随方法的计算效率更高,优化结果也优于PSO算法,且优化所用时间也少。[结论]研究表明,伴随方法在多参数螺旋桨优化设计中的计算效率优于智能算法。     

面元法预估导管螺旋桨定常性能的一种简便方法

用基于速度势的低阶面元法建立预估导管螺旋桨定常性能的计算方法,即对导管和螺旋桨都采用面元法,在计算面元的影响系数时计入导管和螺旋桨的相互影响。将对JD简易导管桨的计算与实验结果进行比较表明,该方法可以有效地应用于导管桨的定常性能计算。