315K VLCC“TENKI”船暴露区原油蒸汽加热管线锈蚀分析及处理

介绍对315 K VLCC"TENKI"船暴露区原油蒸汽加热管线锈蚀问题的原因分析与处理情况,指出建造过程中存在的不足和需要反思的问题,以期为处理与解决类似问题提供参考。     

“水乡”低电压治理的五河样本

安徽省五河县境内河流交错,湖泊众多,农村用电户居住分散,给"低电压"问题的治理带来了一定难度。国网安徽五河县供电公司在党的群众路线教育实践活动中,把解决处理"低电压"问题作为服务群众"最后一公里"的先决条件,摸索出了一套具有"水乡"五河特色的低电压治理经验,值得借鉴。     

激荡改革创新的时代力量——访原交通部副部长林祖乙

正新中国自己培养的第一位船长,原中远总公司总经理,原交通部副部长……林祖乙推动和见证了中国水运改革开放史上的许多"第一次"。细至船舶分线制、"五定"班轮、集装箱工业性试验,大到国际海事组织A类理事国地位的争取与维护,他锐意改革、开拓创新。"改革是一个系统工程,不是简单的事,因为有很多思想上的问题要解决,有很多细节问题要处理。但不要一直放在争论上,看准了就要下决     

潜艇机械噪声源分类识别的小样本研究思想及相关算法评述

针对潜艇机械噪声源分类识别实际样本获取的困难,将该分类问题归结为一个典型的小样本模式识别问题加以处理;基于"信息"的观点,通过系统归纳、比较和借鉴国内外其它领域的一些主要研究思想和成果,明确了小样本条件下潜艇机械噪声源识别研究的"综合集成"技术路线;最后围绕实践提出了下一步需重点研究和解决的几个问题。     

将"双归零"管理要求融入8D问题解决法的研究与实践

在军民融合的背景下,重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司探索了将军品的"双归零"要求与8D问题解决法相结合的方法并予以实施,一年多来明显提高了产品质量问题解决能力,推动了公司的技术和管理进步,得到了军民双方顾客的高度认可.本文对两种管理方法进行简介,重点对"双归零"管理要求融入8D问题解决法进行细化研究,并对实际应用情况予以介绍.     

大型半潜船压载水处理系统解决方案

随着压载水管理公约的生效,大型半潜船压载水处理的需求日渐紧迫。文章介绍了大型半潜船压载水系统的特点以及大型半潜船压载水处理面临的困难与解决方法,通过对大型半潜船压载水处理系统的典型案例比较,分析并得出循环法和重力法是解决大型半潜船压载水处理问题合理可行方案的结论,为大型半潜船压载水处理系统解决方案提供借鉴。     

海外吹填造地及地基处理发展状况

基础设施是海外丝绸之路战略实施的重要组成部分,其中吹填造陆是港口码头等建设的开路先锋,而吹填地基不能直接用于工程建设,必须经过处理方能满足工程需要,地基处理是建筑稳定和安全的重中之重。针对我国企业曾在海外由于工程地质资料分析不彻底以致疏浚设备选型不当而延误回填工期、因地基处理控制标准与工程要求标准不同而不被咨工认可的问题,结合海外吹砂造陆及地基处理工程实例,总结分析国内外最新大型疏浚设备,探讨我国疏浚吹填设备的发展方向;对海外振冲法和强夯法处理砂性地基过程中存在的问题、解决思路和施工工艺进行分析,阐释工程中的国际标准,以求为"一带一路"沿线的类似工程建设提供指导。     

基于FNN的船舶舵伺服系统故障诊断研究

分析某型船舶舵伺服系统的故障信息,建立了模糊神经网络故障诊断模型.利用模糊逻辑处理数据以便于充分利用经验知识;利用神经网络诊断,避免了复杂故障树诊断系统的"匹配冲突"、"组合爆炸"和"无穷递归"等问题,并采用改进的BP算法训练神经网络,解决了收敛速度和收敛振荡的问题.诊断实例结果表明:该故障诊断系统具有较强的鲁棒性和泛化能力;该算法采用无模型化诊断,容易实现自学习,可不断完善系统性能,具有一定的理论和工程应用价值.     

长江感潮河段平面二维潮流数值模拟

基于正交曲线网格下的有限体积法,建立河口潮汐的水深平均二维模型,运用Simple算法求解河口潮汐的二维浅水方程。以长江下游江阴水道为计算实例,用"露滩冻结"动边界技术处理方法模拟江阴水道二维潮流场,较好地解决了边滩、浅滩边界随水位的变动问题。实例和验证结果表明:计算的潮位和潮流过程与实测过程吻合较好,计算的流场合理。对计算结果的前后可视化处理,采用AutoCAD的DXF数据接口生成流场和网格图,以便更好地进行直观分析。     

港口煤泥回收处理系统优化设计

针对港口含煤污水无害化处理和高黏度煤泥回收利用等难题,对港口煤泥回收处理系统进行优化设计.在分析原有排水系统存在的问题和不足的基础上,结合港口煤炭装卸生产工艺,对排水沟结构布局进行优化设计,采用"以坡代沟"的方式有效解决排水不畅、污水外溢等问题.根据含煤污水处理和煤泥回收需求,设计一种集煤水分离、煤泥抽搅、压滤回收等功...     

Environmental trends of ports and harbours: Implications for planning and management

The traditional view of ports as evolving from human settlements to distribution centres is re-examined in an ecological context. The discussion is essential because of the persisting traditional approach to 'global' port development, i.e. directed primarily by technological optimization related to cargo transfer and ocean trasportation. Growing environmental concerns and realities indicate the need for a broader environmental view in which the port is recognized as part of a larger interactive coastal ecosystem, with environmental pressures by the port on the surrounding environment, as well as by the environment on the port. The paper argues for an ecological basis for coastal port development, analyses the environment implications of riverine linkages between port and hinterland, and details some environmental consequnces of changing industrialization and chemical practices. It also identifies initiatives for relevant planning and future port management.     

A CIP-based method for numerical simulations of violent free-surface flows

A CFD model is proposed for numerical simulations of extremely nonlinear free-surface flows such as wave impact phenomena and violent wave–body interactions. The constrained interpolation profile (CIP) method is adopted as the base scheme for the model. The wave–body interaction is treated as a multiphase problem, which has liquid (water), gas (air), and solid (wave-maker and floating body) phases. The flow is represented by one set of governing equations, which are solved numerically on a nonuniform, staggered Cartesian grid by a finite-difference method. The free surface as well as the body boundary are immersed in the computation domain and captured by different methods. In this article, the proposed numerical model is first described. Then to validate the accuracy and demonstrate the capability, several two-dimensional numerical simulations are presented, and compared with experiments and with computations by other numerical methods. The numerical results show that the present computation model is both robust and accurate for violent free-surface flows.     

基于矿料级配的矿料间隙率VMA经验计算法

规范推荐用矿料间隙率VMA来优化级配。通常的做法是用不同级配的矿料掺经验油石比做马歇尔试件，通过大量试验实测VMA，该方法繁琐费时。文中介绍的方法无需做马歇尔试件，仅仅基于矿料级配即可计算得出VMA。经工程实践证明，该计算值与最佳油石比的马歇尔试件实测值非常接近。     

人工岛施工监测*

根据工程地质勘察报告,某人工岛的施工区域内有淤泥质黏土、黏土、粉质黏土等软弱土质,且围堤堤身较高,工期紧,围堤和吹填施工速度快,施工速度不均匀,所以有必要对围堤地基和吹填区进行施工观测.工程通过分层沉降、深层位移、孔隙水压力等施工监测方法来指导和控制施工,有效预防地基和堤身发生滑动或产生过大位移变形,确保施工安全和使用要求.监测数据分析为类似工程提供了参考.     

一种快速有效地计算多物体耦合运动的方法

文章给出一种简单有效的计算多船和多墩柱相互作用的方法。该方法的出发点是将船体剖面用具有等效矩形代替,并将其周围的流场划分为船底与水底之间的内场和船侧面的外场。内场速度势采用简单的解析解;外场速度势沿水深做傅立叶级数展开,并在船体水面周线上分布源汇。然后在内外场交界面上进行耦合匹配求解。对于求解墩柱可以等效于求解船体底间隙为零的情况。上面简单的方法对于多船和多墩柱的耦合计算是简单和有效的。通过给出数值算例,证明了本方法的精确性和有效性,并且研究了多船和港口间的相互作用问题。     

近水面椭球体非线性兴波的数值模拟

本文开发了一种去奇异面元法用于计算以定常前进速度运动的近水面椭球体引起的三维非线性自由面势流.采用求解非线性深水波的Stokes理论求解该定常非线性问题;物面用NURBS(非均匀有理B样条)表达;孤立的Rankine源分布在物体内部和自由面上方.给出了波型、波阻以及收敛特性随一些参数的变化规律.波阻计算结果和他人的其它数值结果进行了比较,其吻合程度令人满意.     

石浦港区主航道一期工程航道尺度设计

以宁波-舟山港石浦港区主航道一期工程设计为例,分析了复杂自然条件下的航道设计不利因素。针对航道水深、通航宽度以及转弯半径等主要航道设计尺度,在按现行国内规范计算的基础上,参考了以《进港航道设计导则》为代表的国外主要航道设计规范,对计算结果进行对比分析,归纳比较了国内外规范在相关参数取值上的异同点,最终推荐航道设计尺度。通过操船模拟试验论证,相关结论可供航道工程设计参考。     

Using Incentives to Reduce Bycatch and Discarding: Results Under the West Coast Catch Share Program

Abstract

Catch share management was implemented in the bottom trawl sector of the West Coast Groundfish fishery in 2011 to address a range of issues including high bycatch and discard rates. The catch share program was designed to remove the incentives to discard through full catch accounting, tradeable quotas, increased flexibility in fishing, and penalties for catch overages. We assess the effectiveness of the program in meeting its environmental objectives by comparing discard weights, proportions, and variability from 2004–2010 with 2011–2016. We analyzed these metrics for species managed using quota, including historically overfished stocks, as well as for non-quota species caught in the fishery. Discard amounts decreased over time for all species and declined to historic lows after the implementation of the program, remaining low through 2016 with much less inter-annual variability. Mean annual discards of two highly-targeted quota species, sablefish and Dover sole, showed the greatest decreases, falling by 97 and 86%, respectively. The discard proportion of overfished quota species fell by 50% on average. The unanticipated decline in discards of non-quota species as well as the decreased variability in discard amounts for all species indicate that the incentives produced by catch share management provided additional ecosystem benefits.     

ABAQUS–OlaFlow integrated numerical model for fluid–seabed–structure interaction

In this study, a new one-way integrated numerical model for fluid–seabed–structure interaction is established by integrating the finite element software, ABAQUS, and the open-source fluid dynamics package, OlaFlow. In this new model, the generation and propagation of ocean waves as well as the seepage flow in a porous medium are controlled by OlaFlow; concurrently, the wave-induced dynamic responses of a porous seabed and marine structures are governed by ABAQUS. The reliability of this new model is validated by an analytical solution and a series of wave flume tests. The comparison results show that the new established model has high reliability and feasibility. Finally, this new integrated model is utilized for investigating the wave-induced dynamics of a composite breakwater and its seabed foundation as well as to evaluate the residual horizontal sliding displacement of the caisson of this composite breakwater under wave impact. Because this new integrated numerical model can fully utilize the advantages of both ABAQUS and OlaFlow, it is expected to have broad prospects for application in engineering practice.     

Directly coupled fluid structural model of a ship rudder behind a propeller

A computational method is presented that models fluid structural interaction problems for three-dimensional marine structures. Flow can be modelled with either potential or viscous incompressible flow. The structure deformation is modelled by a shell finite element formulation. The two fields are coupled by a domain decomposition approach that uses virtual surfaces to transfer information. A typical spade rudder has been modelled for steady-state three-dimensional problems in a free stream and in way of a propeller race. These computational models have been tested for mesh dependancy in both the fluid and structural domains as well as the virtual surface definition. The results show increased correlation to experimental data from uncoupled hydrodynamic modelling as well as detailed structural deformation. Of note is the variation in rudder stock bending moment from that utilised by classification society scantling rules.