含初始变形船体加筋板有效宽度及剩余极限强度研究

为了评估舰船结构损伤后的剩余强度,对船体加筋板出现初始几何变形后,参与总纵强度的有效宽度和加筋板剩余极限强度进行研究。将加筋板受到垂直于平面压力后的变形,作为其初始几何变形,改变变形的方向和大小,利用有限元软件Ansys对加筋板结构进行线性和非线性分析。定义了板有效宽度计算方法,对不同变形方向和变形幅值时板的有效宽度和加筋板的极限强度进行对比分析,并拟合得到了计算板有效宽度和加筋板极限强度的经验公式。结果表明,初始几何变形会削弱加筋板结构的强度。在对损伤后船体结构强度进行分析和校核时,提出的经验公式可以直接用来计算板的有效宽度和加筋板的极限强度。     

点蚀、裂纹损伤对船用加筋板剩余极限强度的影响

[目的]长期服役于恶劣海洋环境中的船舶与海洋工程结构,不可避免地会产生裂纹和点蚀,这些损伤会对结构的极限承载能力产生较大影响。为探讨裂纹、点蚀同时存在时对结构承载能力的影响,[方法]采用非线性有限元法开展含裂纹、点蚀损伤的加筋板在轴向压载作用下的极限强度研究。在讨论网格尺寸对含裂纹、点蚀损伤加筋板极限强度影响的基础上,开展裂纹点蚀坑相对位置、点蚀数目、裂纹长度对含裂纹、点蚀损伤加筋板剩余极限强度的影响。[结果]计算结果表明,裂纹长度、点蚀的增加会使加筋板的剩余极限强度下降明显。[结论]这些结果可用于指导全寿期船舶与海洋工程结构的设计与维护。     

极地小型邮轮加筋板结构冗余度试验研究

以极地小型邮轮加筋板结构为研究对象,设计并制作典型加筋板缩比模型,开展完整结构和损伤结构的轴向压缩极限强度试验研究,揭示完整结构和损伤结构下,主甲板板架结构的极限承载能力和屈曲失效模式,并基于全船结构强度有限元方法,计算主甲板板架完整结构和损伤结构的应力,进行了主甲板板架结构冗余度评估。研究发现：轴向压缩载荷作用下,单独一根加强筋出现局部损伤会小幅度降低加筋板结构的极限承载能力;加筋板完整结构和损伤结构屈曲破坏模式均为加强筋率先破坏引起整个板架结构屈曲破坏;单独一根加强筋的损伤不会引起极地小型邮轮加筋板结构的连续性垮塌,具有良好的结构冗余。研究结果对极地小型邮轮结构设计和冗余度研究具有一定参考价值。     

极地低温和凹陷损伤下加筋板极限强度的参数敏感性分析

为了快速评估含船冰碰撞凹陷损伤下加筋板在轴向压缩载荷作用下的极限强度，本文采用非线性有限元法对低温凹陷损伤加筋板的极限强度进行研究。根据EH36钢在低温下的材料力学性能试验，通过折减因子评估法，基于完整加筋板在轴向压缩下极限强度的经验公式，提出以加筋板柔度和加筋板壳板柔度为变化参数，采用最小二乘法拟合折减系数，得到低温含凹陷损伤加筋板剩余极限强度的经验公式。结果表明，相比于凹陷长度和凹陷深度，凹陷宽度对加筋板极限强度的影响较大；对比分析凹陷损伤加筋板极限强度的经验公式和有限元法的计算结果，误差较小，验证了船冰碰撞凹陷损伤下加筋板的极限强度快速评估方法的准确性。     

基于J积分的含裂纹加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度计算

为研究含裂纹加筋板的极限拉伸强度,本文建立一系列不同长细比、不同裂纹长度、不同裂纹位置的含裂纹加筋板有限元模型,并基于J积分理论对其在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度进行了计算。结果发现含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随加筋板长细比的增大略有减小,但减小的程度并不明显;含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随裂纹长度的增大而减小,且减小的幅度逐渐增大;加强筋上的裂纹对含裂纹加筋板极限强度的影响小于底板上的裂纹,而裂纹同时出现在底板和加强筋上时对含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度的影响最大。表明含贯穿型裂纹的加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的剩余强度对加筋板长细比不敏感,而对裂纹长度较为敏感。     

基于J积分的含裂纹加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度计算

为研究含裂纹加筋板的极限拉伸强度,本文建立一系列不同长细比、不同裂纹长度、不同裂纹位置的含裂纹加筋板有限元模型,并基于J积分理论对其在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度进行了计算。结果发现含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随加筋板长细比的增大略有减小,但减小的程度并不明显;含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随裂纹长度的增大而减小,且减小的幅度逐渐增大;加强筋上的裂纹对含裂纹加筋板极限强度的影响小于底板上的裂纹,而裂纹同时出现在底板和加强筋上时对含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度的影响最大。表明含贯穿型裂纹的加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的剩余强度对加筋板长细比不敏感,而对裂纹长度较为敏感。     

CFRP修复含裂纹加筋板极限强度仿真研究

[目的]为研究碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)粘贴修复含裂纹加筋板的极限强度,[方法]采用非线性有限元法对在轴向压缩载荷作用下的CFRP修复含裂纹加筋板的极限强度进行分析,基于CFRP修复含裂纹加筋板模型,对仿真结果与文献的试验结果进行比较,验证所提方法的准确性。以CFRP双面修复含裂纹加筋板为例,研究CFRP加筋板的极限强度,并对胶层剥离机理和胶层应力进行分析。[结果]结果表明,使用CFRP修复含裂纹加筋板后其极限强度得到了明显提高,且接近于含几何初始缺陷加筋板的极限强度;CFRP修复含裂纹加筋板的脱胶行为发生在极限强度之后。[结论]使用CFRP修复含裂纹损伤的加筋板可有效提高其极限承载能力,研究结果可为船舶与海洋工程结构修复提供参考。     

均匀受压含裂纹损伤加筋板的极限承载能力分析

在均匀受压下,针对含损伤裂纹缺陷的加筋板的承载力学特性进行研究,探讨了裂纹参数对其承载能力的影响。通过改变加筋板上裂纹的位置和裂纹尺寸,利用非线性有限元分析软件Abaqus对其进行系列非线性仿真分析,得到含损伤裂纹加筋板的破坏力学特性以及破坏模式。结果表明,损伤裂纹会削弱加筋板架的承载能力,并且当裂纹尺寸超过某临界值时,板架的极限承载力会急剧减小。     

考虑腐蚀损伤的双体船连接桥结构极限强度分析

为了解腐蚀损伤对双体船连接结构桥极限强度的影响,采用有限元分析方法,通过数值模拟,计算分析考虑腐蚀情况下铝质双体船连接桥结构的极限强度,建立评估含有点蚀损伤的船体板格结构和加筋板结构极限强度的工程化方法,实船分析结果表明：腐蚀体积是影响板格及加筋板结构极限强度的重要因素,且当腐蚀体积较小时,连接桥区域结构存在不满足极限强度要求的情况。     

含凹陷损伤FPSB典型加筋板剩余极限强度研究

本文选取一型FPSB典型加筋板结构,在考虑初始缺陷的情况下采用非线性元法,通过对比研究,选定了(1/2 1 1/2)的加筋板模型以及合适的边界条件、网格尺寸。分别研究了三种不同凹陷形状对加筋板极限强度的影响,选定了以弧形凹坑为主要研究对象的凹陷形式。分别研究了凹陷损伤加筋板随凹痕深度、凹痕长度、凹痕宽度、凹痕位置变化时结构在单轴受压情况下的极限强度变化情况。本文的计算结果可对此型FPSB加筋板结构在凹陷损伤后的极限强度评估提供一定的参考。     

具有裂纹缺陷的加筋板的剩余拉伸强度分析

对具有裂纹缺陷的加筋板的剩余强度进行了数值分析.考虑了加筋板上的三种缺陷形式,即板和筋上的垂直裂纹,板和筋上的倾斜裂纹以及板上的裂纹和筋上的圆孔.对板和筋上的相对裂纹长度、材料属性、板和筋的厚度、裂纹开裂角度以及圆孔的直径等影响参数进行了分析.同时,将无加筋板剩余强度的经验公式推广到加筋板,并验证了公式的有效性.     

初始缺陷对加筋板结构极限强度的影响研究

采用非线性有限元软件Ansys研究包含3种初始缺陷加筋板结构在单轴压缩载荷作用下极限强度的变化趋势,即初始变形、残余应力和凹陷.以单筋单跨加筋板模型为研究对象,考虑初始变形,不同半径及不同速度的撞击球所形成的凹陷及残余应力对加筋板极限强度的影响.结果表明,初始缺陷的存在降低了结构的极限承载力,而且缺陷的叠加作用比单独缺陷存在时对结构极限强度的影响大;加筋板的极限强度随着凹陷深度的加深而减小;3种初始缺陷中,残余应力相对于初始变形和凹陷对结构极限强度的削弱影响更大.     

Comparisons of calculations with experiments on the ultimate strength of wide stiffened panels

Five specimens of wide stiffened panel with four stiffeners under axial compression until collapse are studied with a nonlinear finite element analysis and Common Structural Rules to compare with the experimental results. The stiffened panel models have two longitudinal bays to produce reasonable boundary condition at the end of edges. Tension tests have been conducted to obtain the material properties of the steel that are used in the finite element analysis. Three boundary condition configurations are adopted to investigate their influence on the collapse behaviour of the stiffened panels. A displacement transducer was used to measure the initial geometrical imperfections of the stiffened plates. The collapse behaviour of the stiffened panels is analysed in finite element analysis with the measured initial imperfections and with nominal imperfections. An equivalent initial imperfection is validated for the ultimate strength of stiffened panel under compressive load until collapse for the panels under consideration. With the same imperfection amplitude, the shape of the column-type initial deflection of stiffeners affects significantly the collapse shape, but only slightly the ultimate strength and the mode of collapse of the stiffened panels. The 1/2 + 1 + 1/2 bays model with restrained boundary condition BC3 gives an adequate FE modelling and is possible to be fabricated in experiment.     

Experimental study on the collapse strength of wide stiffened panels

Five specimens are tested under axial compression until collapse to investigate the ultimate strength of wide stiffened panels with four stiffeners. To avoid the side bays collapse and reduce the influence of the clamped boundary condition on the collapse behaviour, the tests are made on panels with two half bays plus one full bay in the longitudinal direction with simply supported condition at the end edge of loading. Initial loading cycles are used to release the residual stresses of the stiffened panels and the gap between the stiffened panels and the supported steel block. Strain gauges are installed on the plates and the stiffeners to record the distribution of strain. This series of experiments is compared to a series of tests with narrow panels (two stiffeners), which allows analysing the effect of the width on the strength of stiffened panels.     

Influence of boundary conditions on the collapse behaviour of stiffened panels under combined loads

A series of finite element analyses are conducted to investigate the influence of boundary conditions and geometry of the model on the predicted collapse behaviour of stiffened panels. Periodic and symmetric boundary conditions in the longitudinal direction are used to calculate the ultimate strength of stiffened panels under combined biaxial thrust and lateral pressure. The calculated ultimate strength of stiffened panels are compared with those by different FEM (finite element method) code and are assessed. The periodic boundary condition in the longitudinal direction for two spans or bays model provides an appropriate modelling to a continuous stiffened panel and can consider both odd and even number of half waves and thus, is considered to introduce the smaller model uncertainty for the analysis of a continuous stiffened panel.     

Ultimate strength assessment of a tanker hull based on experimentally developed master curves

A geometrically similar scaling was made from small-scale specimen to full-scale stiffened panels and then their collapse behaviour is investigated. It is considered that the stiffened panel compressive ultimate strength test was designed according to geometrical scaling laws so that the output of the test could be used as representative of the stiffened panels of the compressive zone of a tanker hull subjected to vertical bending moment. The ultimate strength of a tanker hull is analysed by a FE analysis using the experimentally developed master stress-strain curves which are obtained by the beam tension test and the compressive test of the stiffened panel, and are then compared with the result achieved by the progressive collapse method.     

基于试验获取主应力应变曲线的油船极限强度评估研究(英文)

A geometrically similar scaling was made from small-scale specimen to full-scale stiffened panels and then their collapse behaviour is investigated. It is considered that the stiffened panel compressive ultimate strength test was designed according to geometrical scaling laws so that the output of the test could be used as representative of the stiffened panels of the compressive zone of a tanker hull subjected to vertical bending moment. The ultimate strength of a tanker hull is analysed by a FE analysis using the experimentally developed master stress-strain curves which are obtained by the beam tension test and the compressive test of the stiffened panel, and are then compared with the result achieved by the progressive collapse method.     

加筋板格高级屈曲分析技术研究及软件开发

文章给出了基于弹性大挠度理论和刚塑性分析的加筋板格高级屈曲分析方法(EPM),该方法包括五种失效模式,即正交加筋板格整体屈曲、纵向加筋子板格整体屈曲、纵向加筋和带板的局部屈曲或屈服、纵向加筋的侧倾以及全部屈服,可以考虑初始挠度和残余应力的影响以及双向压缩和侧向载荷的联合作用。以EPM方法为核心开发了加筋板格高级屈曲分析软件系统,包括任务管理、数据输入、屈曲分析、结果查看、能力曲线和文件分析等六个模块。为验证EPM方法的精度进行了系列纵向加筋和正交加筋板格试验模型的比较计算,并计算了四种典型加筋板格的双向应力能力曲线,与板格极限状态分析（PULS）软件和协调共同结构规范（HCSR）方法进行了比较分析。结果表明EPM方法可以分析联合载荷等因素对加筋板格极限强度的影响,文中开发的软件系统可用于加筋板格高级屈曲分析。